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[Advancement in neutrophil-based drug delivery systems].

Neutrophils, as the most abundant immune cells in the human body, possess the inherent ability to rapidly migrate to sites of inflammation and infection. Novel drug delivery systems leveraging neutrophils capitalize on their natural targeting and phagocytic capabilities to achieve precise drug delivery. Efficient drug loading into neutrophils within neutrophil-based delivery systems can be achieved through physical adsorption, chemical conjugation, and phagocytosis. Design strategies emphasize carrier selection and targeting ligand design to enhance delivery precision. Compared to traditional …

Nanotechnology based drug delivery systems for malaria.

Malaria, caused by Plasmodium parasites transmitted through Anopheles mosquitoes, remains a global health burden, particularly in tropical regions. The most lethal species, Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, pose significant threats to human health. Despite various treatment strategies, malaria continues to claim lives, with Africa being disproportionately affected. This review explores the advancements in drug delivery systems for malaria treatment, focusing on polymeric and lipid-based nanoparticles. Traditional antimalarial drugs, while effective, face challenges such as toxicity a…

Hydrogel Drug Delivery Systems for Bone Regeneration.

With the in-depth understanding of bone regeneration mechanisms and the development of bone tissue engineering, a variety of scaffold carrier materials with desirable physicochemical properties and biological functions have recently emerged in the field of bone regeneration. Hydrogels are being increasingly used in the field of bone regeneration and tissue engineering because of their biocompatibility, unique swelling properties, and relative ease of fabrication. Hydrogel drug delivery systems comprise cells, cytokines, an extracellular matrix, and small molecule nucleotides, which have differ…

Advanced Vesicular Systems for Antifungal Drug Delivery.

Fungal infections are considered one of the most serious conditions as their occurrence has increased lately. Fungi like Candida, Fusarium, and Aspergillus species mostly affect immunocompromised patients as they are considered opportunistic pathogens. These infections can be superficial, cutaneous, subcutaneous, or systemic fungal infections that require specific treatment. There is a wide variety of antifungal drugs that can be used to cure fungal infections; however, most of them have many systemic side effects due to their physicochemical characteristics and high toxicity profile. Hence, t

Ocular Drug Delivery Systems Using Contact Lenses.

The use of contact lenses as ocular drug delivery systems has been considered intuitive for decades. However, at this time, there are no approved products using such systems. In this article, we review the challenges with current therapies, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of different drug classes and the patient population. In addition, we note the relative lack of clinical studies, and list potential products in active development at this time. In particular, we address the alignment of time course of the therapeutic need, the pharmacokinetics of the molecule, and the delivery charact…

Liposomal Drug Delivery Systems and Anticancer Drugs.

Cancer is a life-threatening disease contributing to ~3.4 million deaths worldwide. There are various causes of cancer, such as smoking, being overweight or obese, intake of processed meat, radiation, family history, stress, environmental factors, and chance. The first-line treatment of cancer is the surgical removal of solid tumours, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. The systemic administration of the free drug is considered to be the main clinical failure of chemotherapy in cancer treatment, as limited drug concentration reaches the tumour site. Most of the active pharmaceutical ingredien

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… Several APIs can be utilised better by employing nano-size drug delivery systems (DDS) that are designed to enhance the delivery of APIs with poor pharmacokinetics and biodistribution [ 2 ]. … Liposomes as Targeted Drug Delivery System for Cancer Treatment Advancements in liposomal vesicle development have achieved both controlled drug release and targeted drug delivery (disease-specific localisation). …

Exploring drug delivery systems for treating osteoporosis.

INTRODUCTION: Osteoporosis (OP) is a major disease in elderly people; its complications and prevalence are rapidly increasing worldwide. It … t OP, its symptoms and problems associated with the existing therapies. It gives idea about various drug delivery systems for bone targeting. This review also gives a comprehensive compilation of the various in vitro and in vivo studies conducted till date and US FDA approved drugs for the treatment of OP. EXPERT OPINION: Various drug delivery systems reduce the adver …

Recent advances in intraocular drug delivery systems.

Vitreoretinal diseases are refractory to both topical and systemic pharmacological approaches because of specific environment of the eye. That is, the cornea, the sclera, nasolacrimal drainage of tears, frontward stream of aqueous humor, blood-aqueous barrier, and blood-retinal barrier strictly limit penetration and diffusion of drug into the retina. However, recent advances in intraocular drug delivery systems (DDS) have enabled drug to be delivered effectively into the eye. Clinically successful or promising cases involve non-biodegradable implants and inserts, biodegradable inserts and micr…

Advancements in drug delivery systems for women's reproductive health: Vaginal microbiome as a target for innovative drug delivery systems.

The vaginal microbiome, predominantly made up of Lactobacillus spp., plays a pivotal role in women's reproductive health, especially in dysbiosis associated with various gynecological disorders. In this comprehensive review, we discussed the current advancements in drug delivery systems targeting the vaginal microbiome, the limitations of traditional approaches, as well as explored innovative strategies in drug delivery with the vaginal microbiome as the focal point. The composition and functions of the vaginal microbiome were critically evaluated, emphasizing its significance in maintaining r…

Drug delivery from the oral cavity: a focus on mucoadhesive buccal drug delivery systems.

UNLABELLED: Since the early 1980s the concept of mucoadhesion has gained considerable interest in pharmaceutical technology. The various advantages associated with these systems made buccal drug delivery as a novel route of drug administration. It prolongs the residence time of the dosage form at the site of application. These systems remain in close contact with the absorption tissue, the mucous membrane, and thus contribute to improved and/or better therapeutic performance of the drug and of both local and systemic effects. This review highlights the anatomy and structure of oral mucosa, mec

Formulation Characteristics of Solid-Dispersible Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems for Dual Drug Delivery.

Background: Oral delivery of chemotherapeutic agents remains challenging due to gastrointestinal degradation, poor intestinal permeability, and extensive first-pass metabolism, which collectively limit bioavailability. Lipid-based drug delivery systems offer a promising strategy to overcome these barriers. This study aimed to develop a freeze-dried, solid-dispersible self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) using a water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) double emulsion approach for the co-encapsulation of hydrophilic (doxorubicin) and lipophilic (ellipticine) agents to enhance oral delivery. Metho…

Local drug delivery in restenosis injury: thermoresponsive co-polymers as potential drug delivery systems.

The success of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in treatment of acute coronary syndromes has been compromised by the incidence of restenosis. The physical insult of balloon insertion can damage or remove the endothelial monolayer, thereby generating a prothrombotic surface. The resulting inappropriate response to injury can also lead to penetration of inflammatory cells, conversion of the underlying media to a synthetic phenotype, deposition of extracellular matrix, constrictive remodeling, and neointimal hyperplasia. While stent implantation at the time of balloon insertion has

Advancements in Drug Delivery Systems in Glioblastoma Therapy.

Glioblastoma (GB) is one of the most aggressive brain tumours, with a high mortality rate. Tumour heterogeneity, GB's invasive nature, the b … cellular vesicles, microneedles and other drug delivery platforms used in GB treatment. These novel drug delivery systems achieved superior BBB penetration, tumour targeting, and controlled release and better survival outcomes in preclinical setups. This review also discusses the major translational challenges, including those of large-scale production, tumour heteroge …

Immunogenicity Management Strategies for PEGylated Drug Delivery Systems.

The clinical translation and long-term efficacy of PEGylation technology are increasingly jeopardized by its inherent immunogenicity, particularly the induction of anti-PEG antibodies (APAs) and the subsequent accelerated blood clearance (ABC) phenomenon. Furthermore, challenges such as frequent dosing regimens, limited PEG biodegradability, and the increasing prevalence of pre-existing APAs in the general population call for a comprehensive re-evaluation of traditional PEGylation strategies. This review provides a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of recent breakthroughs in addressing PEG-r

Microneedle-mediated drug delivery systems for brain diseases.

Brain diseases pose a major global health challenge, with the blood-brain barrier (BBB) as the core obstacle for intracranial drug delivery. … work may guide the rational design and clinical translation of microneedle-mediated brain-targeted drug delivery systems.

Advanced Pulmonary Drug Delivery Systems: A Narrative Review.

Pulmonary drug delivery systems have gained increasing attention as an effective strategy for the treatment of both respiratory and systemic diseases by enabling targeted, noninvasive, and efficient drug administration through the lungs, with advantages including rapid onset of action, lower drug doses, and reduced systemic adverse effects. Despite these advances, challenges related to formulation stability, aerosol performance, lung clearance mechanisms, and regulatory approval remain. This review explores advanced pulmonary drug delivery systems, with emphasis on the anatomical, physiologica…

Emulsion and Emulgel-Based Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems.

Ophthalmic drug delivery encounters unique challenges due to the anatomical and physiological ocular barriers, necessitating the development of novel drug delivery systems (NDDSs). This review focuses on emerging therapeutic platforms, including nanoemulsions (NEs), microemulsions (MEs), self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDSs) such as self-nano emulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDSs) and self-micro emulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDSs), emulgels, and in situ-forming emulgels, as novel strategies for enhancing ocular drug delivery. NEs and MEs, due to their small globule size,…

Nanobody-based drug delivery systems for cancer therapy.

Targeted delivery can elevate the local drug concentration within tumor tissues, while minimizing drug distribution to normal tissues, thus … carriers, in order to provide useful information for researchers developing nanobody-based targeted drug delivery systems.

Block copolymer micelles as ocular drug delivery systems.

Block copolymer micelles, formed by the self-assembly of amphiphilic polymers, address formulation challenges, such as poor drug solubility … ysicochemical properties, current developments, and prospects of block copolymer micelles as ocular drug delivery systems.

Recent Applications of PLGA in Drug Delivery Systems.

Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is a widely used biodegradable and biocompatible copolymer in drug delivery systems (DDSs). In this article, we highlight the critical physicochemical properties of PLGA, including its molecular weight, intrinsic viscosity, monomer ratio, blockiness, and end caps, that significantly influence drug release profiles and degradation times. This review also covers the extensive literature on the application of PLGA in delivering small-molecule drugs, proteins, peptides, antibiotics, and antiviral drugs. Furthermore, we discuss the role of PLGA-based DDSs in the…