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Of guinea pigs and men--an unusual case of jaundice.

A 21-year-old male presented at the emergency room with jaundice, itching, dry cough, malaise and weight loss of 10 kg during the preceding … ato-biliary scintigraphy demonstrated hepatocellular dysfunction. The patient finally mentioned his guinea pig farm with around 50 animals, 20 of which had recently died for unknown reasons. The patient and three of his guinea pigs were subsequently tested for serological evidence of leptospirosis. IgG and IgM antibodies reacting with Leptospira interrog …

Countdown to wipe out guinea-worm in Ghana.

Ghana could be one of the next African countries to say goodbye to guinea worm. Mawusi Afele reports from Tamale.

Behavioural characterisation of the alpha-mannosidosis guinea pig.

alpha-Mannosidosis is a lysosomal storage disorder resulting from a functional deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme alpha-mannosidase. This deficiency results in the accumulation of various oligosaccharides in the lysosomes of affected individuals, causing somatic pathology and progressive neurological degeneration that results in cognitive deficits, ataxia, and other neurological symptoms. We have a naturally occurring guinea pig model of this disease which exhibits a deficiency of lysosomal alpha-mannosidase and has a similar clinical presentation to human alpha-mannosidosis. Various tests wer…

Effects of muscarinic agonists in the guinea-pig prostate.

1. The contractile response to transmural stimulation of the guinea-pig prostate is largely due to activation of noradrenergic neurons but there is a small contribution from cholinergic neurons. Carbachol and acetylcholine have been reported to act via muscarinic M(1) cholinoceptors to facilitate contractions produced by neuronal stimulation of the tissue. This action of cholinomimetics was further investigated in isolated ventral lobes of the prostate. 2. Oxotremorine-M, bethanecol, pilocarpine, xanomeline and McN-A-343 produced facilitation of the response to transmural stimulation of the pr…

Phototoxicity study of a ketoprofen poultice in guinea pigs.

Ketoprofen has been reported to have such side effects as photosensitive dermatitis in humans (The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, 2001). In the present study, as part of a safety evaluation of Miltax, an application drug containing ketoprofen, phototoxicity of Miltax was examined in guinea pigs. In the present skin phototoxicity study, Miltax was applied for 12 hr. Ultraviolet (UV) rays were irradiated to examine whether or not Miltax elicited skin reaction. Two kinds of UV-A plus UV-B dual irradiation and UV-A single irradiation were used for the elicitation. With UV-A plus UV-B dual…

[The immunological effects in guinea pig sensitized by trichloroethylene].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes of certain immunological indexes in development of Guinea Pig allergic dermatitis induced by trichloroethylene (TCE). METHODS: The Guinea Pig model of TCE-induced allergic dermatitis was established by Guinea Pig Maximisation Test. IgG levels in serum were measured by sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The splenic T lymphocytes ConA-stimulated proliferation function and natural killer (NK) cell activity were detected by MTT assay and micro-LDH release assay, respectively. RESULTS: The sensitization rate of TCE was 66.7%. The IgG level in serum of TCE-sensitize…

Ureterolithiasis and papilloma formation in the ureter of a guinea pig.

A 5-year-old guinea pig with suspected urolithiasis was presented for radiology and ultrasound examinations of the abdomen. Radiographically, an irregular-shaped mineral opacity was detected in the area of the urinary bladder. Ultrasonographically, pyelectasia of the right kidney, hydroureter with an ureterolith cranial to a thickened ureter wall close to the ureterovesical junction, and a thickened urinary bladder wall were detected. Histopathologically, the thickened ureter wall was found to be a papilloma. The ureter calculus consisted of 100% calcite.

Dracunculiasis (Guinea worm disease) and the eradication initiative.

Dracunculiasis, also known as guinea worm disease, is caused by the large female of the nematode Dracunculus medinensis, which emerges painfully and slowly from the skin, usually on the lower limbs. The disease can infect animals, and sustainable animal cycles occur in North America and Central Asia but do not act as reservoirs of human infection. The disease is endemic across the Sahel belt of Africa from Mauritania to Ethiopia, having been eliminated from Asia and some African countries. It has a significant socioeconomic impact because of the temporary disability that it causes. Dracunculia…

Neuronal control of the pyloric sphincter of the guinea-pig.

The pyloric sphincter (PS) controls gastric emptying and prevents the reflux of duodenal content into the stomach. Neuronal pathways and reflexes controlling the guinea-pig PS were physiologically investigated in isolated preparations. Simultaneous intracellular or extracellular and tension recordings from PS circular muscle with electrical and stretch stimulation were used. Electrical stimulation evoked an initial small contraction followed by a relaxation with a corresponding inhibitory junction potential (IJP) then a second large contraction with a corresponding excitatory junction potentia…

A guinea-pig model of Hendra virus encephalitis.

Subcutaneous inoculation, but not intradermal (footpad) or intranasal inoculation, with high doses of Hendra virus (HeV) consistently produced disease in guinea-pigs. Of 15 subcutaneously inoculated animals, 14 developed vascular disease with positive HeV immunohistochemical labelling in a range of tissues. A new observation was the presence of lesions, including syncytial cells, with immunolabelling in the transitional epithelium of the bladder. Virus isolation from the urine rather than from nasal, oral, rectal or conjunctival swabs, the other external sites, was consistent with previous epi…

Focus of human trichinellosis in Papua New Guinea.

Human trichinellosis and teniasis (Taenia solium) are meat-borne helminthic infections with a wide distribution throughout the world. However, there is little information on the prevalence of these infections in Papua New Guinea. In 1999, serum samples were collected from 97 people in 6 villages in the remote Bensbach area of Papua New Guinea. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot analyses were used to detect anti-Trichinella immunoglobulin (Ig) G and anti-cysticercus IgG in this population. The prevalence of Trichinella antibodies among inhabitants of the Bensbach area was 28.9% …

The development of paediatric surgery in Papua New Guinea.

Until 1993 complex surgery for children in Papua New Guinea (PNG) was usually conducted by general surgeons, or by overseas paediatric surgeons during ad hoc visits. There had been little coordination of these occasional international visits and no involvement in the surgical teaching program in the University Department of Surgery. Over eight years from July 1993 to July 2000, three Australian surgeons spent 33 weeks teaching paediatric surgery and paediatric urology, using lectures, tutorials and operative demonstration sessions. This paper is a report of the teaching and service provided by…

The epidemiology of melioidosis in Australia and Papua New Guinea.

Melioidosis was first described in Australia in an outbreak in sheep in 1949 in north Queensland (22 degrees S). Human melioidosis was first … ia and north Queensland, including the Torres Strait Islands, but is uncommon in adjacent Papua New Guinea. Serological studies suggest that infection is rare in the Port Moresby region, but there is emerging evidence of melioidosis from Western Province. The NT study has documented inoculating events in 52 (25%) of cases, with an incubation period of 1- …

[The submucosal structure of the endolymphatic sac of guinea pigs].

OBJECTIVE: To investigating the submucosal structure of the endolymphatic sac (ES), so as to analyse the role of ES in the function of inner ear. METHOD: The temporal bone of the guinea pigs were cleared in methyl salicylate and inspected under a stereomicroscope. The ultrastructure of endolymphatic sac has been observed by transmission electron microscope. RESULT: The extensive vascular system around the sac and has compact contact with sinus sigmoid. Its submucosal space comprises both arterioles and venules, as well as lymphatic sinus. CONCLUSION: The result suggests that the ES is a ver…

Conservation of a CD1 multigene family in the guinea pig.

CD1 is a family of cell-surface molecules capable of presenting microbial lipid Ags to specific T cells. Here we describe the CD1 gene family of the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus). Eight distinct cDNA clones corresponding to CD1 transcripts were isolated from a guinea pig thymocyte cDNA library and completely sequenced. The guinea pig CD1 proteins predicted by translation of the cDNAs included four that can be classified as homologues of human CD1b, three that were homologues of human CD1c, and a single CD1e homologue. These guinea pig CD1 protein sequences contain conserved amino acid residues …

The auditory brainstem response of aged guinea pigs.

The auditory brainstem response (ABR) technique was used to investigate potential dysfunctions in the auditory brainstem of the pigmented guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) associated with biological ageing. Animals aged from 58 days to 4 years 3 months were tested. ABRs were recorded at stimulation intensities from 85 dB HL to -10 dB HL. The auditory thresholds were found to undergo marked elevations in old animals, by an average of 32 dB. From the traces obtained, four positive deflection waves were reliably recorded. The latency of each of the four waves was evaluated at different stimulation int…

The sensitizing capacity of ginkgolic acids in guinea pigs.

BACKGROUND: Ginkgo biloba possesses fruits that have caused numerous cases of allergic contact dermatitis. Low amounts of the ginkgolic acids occur in the leaves as well. OBJECTIVE: Leaf extracts are used to treat cerebrovascular and peripheral vascular disorders. The question arises whether skin hypersensitivity reactions may be adverse effects because the pharmaceutical preparations contain low amounts of ginkgolic acids. METHODS: Guinea pigs were sensitized experimentally with pure ginkgolic acids as well as with leaf extracts containing approximately 1,000 ppm of ginkgolic acids. RESULT…

Модель морских свиней для эндокардита К.

Новая модель экспериментального эндокардита, использующая электрокоагуляцию местных аортальных клапанов, была использована для изучения Q лихорадочного эндокардита. В 20 гинейских свиньях электрокоагуляция и прививка с помощью хвороста Coxiellai Nine Mile фаза I, 10 из которых имеют инфекционный эндокардит. Из них 7 умерли спонтанно. Все подопытные свиньи с эндокардитом, обладающие положительной культурой крови, были обнаружены в их сердечных клапанах. Положительные культуры крови или сосудистые иммунопозитивные клетки не были выявлены ни в неэлектрическом, ни в неинноцированном виде контроля.

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
A new model of experimental endocarditis, using electrocoagulation of native aortic valves, was used for the study of Q fever endocarditis. In the 20 guinea pigs electrocoagulated and inoculated with Coxiella burnetii Nine Mile phase I strain, 10 presented with infective endocarditis. Of these, 7 died spontaneously. All guinea pigs with endocarditis presente…

[The history of the elimination of guinea worm infection in Uzbekistan].

Dracunculiasis was mainly spread in Bukhara. Control was made in two directions: 1) timely detection of patients, their registration, treatment and parasitic decontamination; 2) elimination of Dracunculus larvae-infected Cyclops in the water reservoirs. The prevalence of the disease is as high as 20% and a total of 1116 patients were identified. Only one patient was notified in 1931. In 1932, foci of Dracunculus stopped its existence in Old Bukhara and 56 neighboring inhabited areas.

The management of cryptococcal meningitis in Papua New Guinea.

Cryptococcal meningitis is a difficult disease to treat and requires biochemical and haematological monitoring to detect the common adverse effects of treatment. Combination therapy with amphotericin B and flucytosine for at least 6 weeks is the best treatment so far evaluated. The role of azole drugs should become clearer as the results of large multicentre studies become available in the future. High case fatality and morbidity rates despite standard treatment suggest that other ancillary treatments such as corticosteroids and other treatments directed at lowering raised intracranial pressur