Результаты поиска

Searching for Primary Predictors of Conversion from Mild Cognitive Impairment to Alzheimer's Disease: A Multivariate Follow-Up Study.

Recent proposals of diagnostic criteria within the healthy aging-Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum stressed the role of biomarker informati … nitive markers may play an important role. Considering this background, we investigated the role of cognitive reserve, cognitive performance in neuropsychological testing, hippocampal volumes, APOE genotype, and magnetoencephalography power sources to predict the conversion to AD in a sample of 33 MCI patients. MCIs were followed up during a 2-year period and divid …

Predicting working memory efficiency across adulthood: the role of enhancement and suppression attentional mechanisms, moderated by age and other factors.

The global population of individuals aged 60 years and older now exceeds one billion and continues to grow, underscoring the necessity of ad … cline with increasing age. Notwithstanding, several moderating variables influenced these outcomes. Cognitive reserve and current cognitive functioning were found to be positive predictors of WME, whereas depression and anxiety exerted negative effects. Furthermore, a low level of cognitive reserve uniquely predicted diminished suppression of irrelevant information …

Preserved α2 oscillations underpin reserve-related resilience of semantic verbal fluency in multiple sclerosis.

INTRODUCTION: Cognitive reserve (CR) is associated with better cognitive outcomes in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), yet the neurophysiological factors mediating this relationship remain poorly understood. In this context, alpha (α) oscillatory activity has been linked to both CR and semantic processing, making it a plausible neural mediator of reserve-related resilience. We investigated whether resting-state α activity statistically mediates the relationship between CR and semantic verbal fluency (SVF) in PwMS. METHODS: Sixty-four PwMS and 46 age- and sex-matched healthy controls unde…

Digital Engagement and Cognitive Function Among Older Adults in China: Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study and Moderated Mediation Model Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Given the global demographic shifts and rapid digitalization, digital engagement has emerged as a critical determinant of healthy aging. While previous research has linked digital engagement to cognitive outcomes, the underlying mechanisms remain underexplored among Chinese older adults. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the relationships between digital engagement and cognitive function among older adults in China through a moderated mediation model guided by the technological reserve hypothesis, with digital health literacy (DHL) and social support as mediators and living a

Development of a Lasso-Nomogram-Based Risk Prediction Model for Cognitive Frailty in Elderly MHD Patients.

INTRODUCTION: Cognitive frailty is increasingly recognized among older adults receiving maintenance hemodialysis (MHD), yet effective screen … stionnaire-9, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Clinical Dementia Rating, Fried Frailty Phenotype, and Cognitive Reserve Index Questionnaire. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to identify relevant variables, which were subsequently entered into multivariate logistic regression to determine independent risk factors. A nomogram …

Brain Microstructural Alteration and Its Implications for Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Surgical Patients: A Narrative Review.

PURPOSE: Postoperative delirium (POD) remains poorly understood in terms of predictors and underlying mechanisms. This review summarized emerging evidence on the association between brain microstructural alterations and POD. METHOD: This is a narrative review, describing the microstructural changes in aging brain, microstructural MRI findings, relationship among microstructural alterations, cognitive reserve and POD, and potential interventions targeting microstructure. FINDING: Brain microstructural alterations may predispose elderly patients to POD, with variability in microstructural alte…

Когнитивно стимулирующая деятельность в области множественного склероза: качественное технико-экономическое обоснование.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Некоторые люди с множественным склерозом (pwMS) имеют высокий когнитивный запас (CR), что потенциально смягчает когнитивный спад. Когнитивно стимулирующая деятельность (СПД) способствует ОК, что предполагает, что меры, связанные с СВГ, могут повысить когнитивную функцию в НР. ЦЕЛИ/AIMS: Оценка целесообразности принятия мер, направленных на расширение участия в ККА (например, чтение, письменность, изучение языка). МЕТОДЫ: Участники были опрошены после 12-недельного вмешательства в произвольное контролируемое испытание. Участники отбирались на основе заранее определенных критериев для

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
INTRODUCTION: Some people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) exhibit high cognitive reserve (CR), potentially mitigating cognitive decline. Cognitively stimulating activities (CSAs) contribute to CR, suggesting that interventions entailing CSAs may enhance cognitive function in MS. OBJECTIVES/AIMS: To evaluate the feasibility of an intervention designed to incr…

Your brain doesn't look a day past 70! Cross-sectional associations with brain-predicted age in the cognitively-intact oldest-old.

The cognitively-intact oldest-old (85 +) may be the most-resilient members of their birth cohort; due to survivorship effects (e.g., depletion of susceptibles), risk factors associated with brain aging biomarkers in younger samples may not generalize to the cognitively-intact oldest-old. We evaluated associations between established aging-related risk factors and brain-predicted age difference (brainPAD) in a cross-sectional cognitively-intact oldest-old sample. Additionally, we evaluated brainPAD-cognition associations to characterize brain maintenance vs. cognitive reserve in our sample. Old…

Executive control from healthy ageing to cognitive impairment: A systematic review of stroop and simon effects using psychophysiological and imaging techniques.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia in the ageing population emphasises the need for strategies to mitigate cognitive decline. While research on Alzheimer's Disease (AD) has focused on early risk factors, less attention has been paid to protective factors such as cognitive reserve (CR) and cognitive control (CC). METHODS: This review examines age-related changes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in healthy ageing and cognitive impairment. We analysed studies using Stroop and Simon tasks in conjunction with EEG, EEG/ERP, fNIRS and fMRI. RESULTS: Of the 1411 articles r…

Hippocampal plasticity during the progression of Alzheimer's disease.

Neuroplasticity involves molecular and structural changes in central nervous system (CNS) throughout life. The concept of neural organization allows for remodeling as a compensatory mechanism to the early pathobiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in an attempt to maintain brain function and cognition during the onset of dementia. The hippocampus, a crucial component of the medial temporal lobe memory circuit, is affected early in AD and displays synaptic and intraneuronal molecular remodeling against a pathological background of extracellular amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition and intracellular neuro

Alpha desynchronization during Stroop test unmasks cognitively healthy individuals with abnormal CSF Amyloid/Tau.

Synaptic dysfunctions precede cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease by decades, affect executive functions, and can be detected by quanti … elated desynchronization (ERD), alpha spectral entropy (SE), and their relationships with estimated cognitive reserve. CH-PATs had more negative occipital alpha ERD, and higher frontal and occipital alpha SE during low load congruent trials, indicating hyperactivity. CH-PATs demonstrated fewer frontal SE changes with higher load, incongruent Stroop testing. Correla …

Beneficial effect of bilingualism on Alzheimer's disease CSF biomarkers and cognition.

Bilingualism as a component of cognitive reserve has been claimed to delay the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, its effect on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD-biomarkers has not been investigated. We assessed cognitive performance and CSF AD-biomarkers, and potential moderation effect of bilingualism on the association between age, CSF AD-biomarkers, and cognition. Cognitively healthy middle-aged participants classified as monolinguals (n = 100, nCSF = 59), early (n = 81, nCSF = 55) and late bilinguals (n = 97, nCSF = 52) were evaluated. Models adjusted for confounders showed that bilin…

Education mediates microstructural changes in bilateral hippocampus.

Education has been extensively considered an influential factor in the modulation of interindividual differences in cognitive performance and cerebral structure. Consequently, education has been linked to the concept of reserve, which refers to an unspecified aspect of brain structure or function that enables people with more education to cope better with brain pathology or age-related changes. Nevertheless, the education-related neural mechanisms involved in reserve are still not completely understood. In this study, 150 healthy subjects were submitted to a comprehensive sociodemographic, cli

Education Moderates the Relation Between APOE ɛ4 and Memory in Nondemented Non-Hispanic Black Older Adults.

BACKGROUND: The APOEɛ4 allele is a well-known risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous research argues that higher education helps to preserve cognition in older adults with AD pathology because of its key role in cognitive reserve and resilience. OBJECTIVE: To test if higher educational level buffers the effect of APOEɛ4 on cognition among older non-Hispanic Blacks. METHODS: Participants were 849 non-demented older non-Hispanic Blacks (38.3% APOEɛ4+), who underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation. Multiple linear regression models tested the relationship between APOE…

Brain reserve theory: Are adults with intellectual disability more vulnerable to age than peers with typical development?

BACKGROUND: Life expectancy is on rise and the intriguing question is: When does cognitive decline occur among adults with intellectual disa … tial Span Backwards, which yielded a floor effect in participants with intellectual disability. The Cognitive Reserve Theory, the Safeguard Hypothesis and late maturation might serve as explanations for these findings.

A multilevel conceptual framework for dementia: from life-course mechanisms to public health strategies.

Dementia is a growing global health challenge driven by population aging and unequal exposure to biological, behavioral, social, and environmental determinants across the life course. Existing evidence demonstrates that these factors accumulate and interact from fetal development through old age, shaping cognitive reserve, brain resilience, and vulnerability to neurodegeneration. However, current models rarely integrate these multilevel influences in a structured manner. This study proposes a comprehensive multilevel conceptual framework for dementia that maps determinants across seven levels …

Social activity mediates locus coeruleus tangle-related cognition in older adults.

The locus coeruleus-noradrenaline system regulates brain-wide neural activity involved in cognition and behavior. Integrity of this subcortical neuromodulatory system is proposed to be a substrate of cognitive reserve that may be strengthened by lifetime cognitive and social activity. Conversely, accumulation of tau tangles in the brainstem locus coeruleus nuclei is recently studied as a very early marker of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis and cognitive vulnerability, even among older adults without cognitive impairment or significant cerebral AD pathologies. This clinical-pathologic stu…

Orthostatic blood pressure disorders in older adults: clinical phenotypes, diagnostic challenges, and cognitive and functional implications.

Orthostatic blood pressure disorders are common in older adults and represent an important cardiovascular and hemodynamic challenge associated with falls, cognitive impairment, and loss of independence. This Perspective highlights the clinical spectrum of orthostatic blood pressure disorders in older adults, emphasizing the interplay between age-related cardiovascular and autonomic changes, diagnostic challenges, and their implications for cerebral perfusion, cognition, and functional status. Orthostatic hypotension, supine hypertension, orthostatic hypertension, and postprandial hypotension f

Associations among education, age, and the dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) metabolic pattern: A European-DLB consortium project.

INTRODUCTION: We assessed the influence of education as a proxy of cognitive reserve and age on the dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) metabolic pattern. METHODS: Brain 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and clinical/demographic information were available in 169 probable DLB patients included in the European DLB-consortium database. Principal component analysis identified brain regions relevant to local data variance. A linear regression model was applied to generate age- and education-sensitive maps corrected for Mini-Mental State Examination score, sex (and either education or…

The relationship between lifestyle and serum neurofilament light protein in Huntington's disease.

OBJECTIVES: Serum neurofilament light protein (NfL) is a promising marker of disease onset and progression in Huntington's disease (HD). This study investigated associations between lifestyle factors and NfL levels in HD mutation carriers compared to healthy age- and sex-matched controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Participants included 29 HD mutation carriers and 15 healthy controls. Associations between serum NfL concentrations and lifestyle factors, including cardiorespiratory fitness, social network size and diversity, physical activity, cognitive reserve, smoking status, and alcohol consumpt…