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Sterile tuberculous granuloma in a patient with XDR-TB treated with bedaquiline, pretomanid and linezolid.

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) continues to pose a threat to the global eradication of TB. Regimens for extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB are lengthy and poorly tolerated, often with unsuccessful outcomes. The TB Alliance Nix-TB trial investigated the safety and efficacy of a 26-week regimen of bedaquiline, pretomanid and linezolid (BPaL) in participants with XDR-TB, multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB treatment failure or intolerance. In this trial 9 out of 10 participants were cured. We describe a trial participant with XDR-TB who presented with new-onset seizures soon after BPaL treatment c…

Emergence of linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis in the tertiary children's hospital in Cracow, Poland.

Coagulase-negative staphylococci, ubiquitous commensals of human skin, and mucous membranes represent important pathogens for immunocompromised patients and neonates. The increasing antibiotic resistance among Staphylococcus epidermidis is an emerging problem worldwide. In particular, the linezolid-resistant S. epidermidis (LRSE) strains are observed in Europe since 2014. The aim of our study was to genetically characterize 11 LRSE isolates, recovered mostly from blood in the University Children's Hospital in Krakow, Poland, between 2015 and 2017. For identification of the isolates at the spec…

Evaluation of IL-1 Blockade as an Adjunct to Linezolid Therapy for Tuberculosis in Mice and Macaques.

In 2017 over 550,000 estimated new cases of multi-drug/rifampicin resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB) occurred, emphasizing a need for new treatment strategies. Linezolid (LZD) is a potent antibiotic for drug-resistant Gram-positive infections and is an effective treatment for TB. However, extended LZD use can lead to LZD-associated host toxicities, most commonly bone marrow suppression. LZD toxicities may be mediated by IL-1, an inflammatory pathway important for early immunity during M. tuberculosis infection. However, IL-1 can contribute to pathology and disease severity late in TB progressi…

Reversible Myelosuppresion With Prolonged Usage of Linezolid in Treatment of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Bone marrow suppression has a wide variety of causes. One of the overlooked causes is linezolid, a drug that is now being extensively used in the management of not only soft tissue infections but also hospital-acquired infections. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is widely being treated with linezolid. It becomes imperative that we comprehensively understand the hematological adverse effect profile of this drug. A reversible myelosuppression is seen with its extended use, though a number of risk factors like renal impairment are usually present. A prompt diagnosis can help us…

Linezolid resistance in patients with drug-resistant TB and treatment failure in South Africa.

OBJECTIVES: Limited data exist on clinical associations and genotypic correlates of linezolid resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We aimed to describe mutations and clinical factors associated with phenotypic linezolid resistance from patients with drug-resistant TB at two public sector facilities in South Africa. METHODS: Adults and adolescents with treatment failure (culture positivity ≥4 months) on a linezolid-containing regimen were retrospectively identified. Phenotypic resistance, as defined by a linezolid MIC >1 mg/L, was assessed for retrieved isolates using broth microdilution.…

Linezolid-associated optic neuropathy in a pediatric patient with Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Toxic optic neuropathies are alterations of the optic nerve and can be caused by environmental, pharmacological, or nutritional agents. CASE: It is about a 7-year-old male patient, a native of the State of Mexico, Mexico who was diagnosed with cervical mycobacterial lymphadenitis that required management with linezolid. OBSERVATIONS: After 7 months of treatment, visual acuity of the left eye decreased and was accompanied by headache. Neuroinfection and other central nervous system affections were discarded. An adverse effect related to treatment with linezolid was suspected, and …

Optimal Clinical Doses of Faropenem, Linezolid, and Moxifloxacin in Children With Disseminated Tuberculosis: Goldilocks.

BACKGROUND: When treated with the same antibiotic dose, children achieve different 0- to 24-hour area under the concentration-time curves (AUC0-24) because of maturation and between-child physiological variability on drug clearance. Children are also infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates with different antibiotic minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Thus, each child will achieve different AUC0-24/MIC ratios when treated with the same dose. METHODS: We used 10 000-subject Monte Carlo experiments to identify the oral doses of linezolid, moxifloxacin, and faropenem that would achi…

Comparing the ocular surface effects of topical vancomycin and linezolid for treating bacterial keratitis.

BACKGROUND: Vancomycin is the gold standard in combination therapy for severe and resistant gram-positive keratitis and in particular for Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. The aim of this study was to report the ocular surface toxicity and scoring in patients whose treatment shifted to topical linezolid/ceftazidime from topical vancomycin/ceftazidime due to their vancomycin intolerance. METHODS: A retrospective, interventional case series of bacterial keratitis was treated with topical linezolid (one drop of 0.2% solution per eye), administered hourly until epithe…

Therapeutic Dose Monitoring for Linezolid in a Patient with MRSA Pneumonia with Bacteremia in Diabetes Insipidus.

INTRODUCTION: Few studies have investigated the effect of increased creatinine clearance (CrCl) on linezolid (LZD) concentration. Herein, we report the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) profile of LZD used in the management of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pneumonia with concomitant bacteremia in a patient with high CrCl caused by diabetes insipidus (DI). CASE REPORT: A 19-year-old man was admitted to the intensive care unit following a traumatic brain injury. After admission, he underwent a craniotomy for the severe brain injury. However, he developed DI after the …

Assessment of the in vitro synergy of daptomycin plus linezolid against multidrug-resistant enterococci.

The widespread incidence of enterococci resistant to ampicillin, vancomycin and aminoglycosides, the first-line anti-enterococcal antibiotics, has made the treatment of severe enterococcal infections difficult and alternatives should be explored. We investigated the activity of daptomycin combined with linezolid against three Enterococcus faecalis and four Enterococcus faecium strains resistant to standard drugs used for therapy. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by the broth dilution method. Drug interactions were assessed by the checkerboard and time-kill methods. Syne…

Linezolid versus vancomycin for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus keratitis in rabbits.

PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy of topical linezolid (LZD) 1 mg/mL or 2 mg/mL to vancomycin (VA) 50 mg/mL for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) keratitis in rabbits. METHODS: One hundred colony-forming unit (CFU) MRSA bacteria were injected intrastromally into rabbit corneas. Sixteen hours after the injection, 24 rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups. Rabbit eyes were treated with 1 drop of topical LZD 1 mg/mL, LZD 2 mg/mL, VA 50 mg/mL, or isotonic saline every 15 minutes for 5 doses and then every 30 minutes for 14 doses. Eyes were examined before and…

A delivery system of linezolid to enhance the MRSA osteomyelitis prognosis: in vivo experimental assessment.

Staphylococcus aureus, a major responsible microorganism of osteomyelitis, represents a challenge to treat because of the poor penetration of antibiotics in bone and increasing minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to glycopeptides. The calcium-deficient apatites (CDA), closer to the biological components found in bone and other calcified tissues, have osteoconductive properties. So, to process severe osseous infections, CDA can be used to deliver in the infectious site antibiotics like linezolid. The acute experimental osteomyelitis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)…

Efficacy of intravitreal administrations of linezolid in an experimental model of S. aureus-related endophthalmitis.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal administration of linezolid (LZD) in a rabbit model of Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis. METHODS: Of 40 rabbits studied, 36 of them received 10(2) colony-forming units (CFU) of S. aureus in their right eye before being randomly assigned to the following groups: four groups of 8 animals received 24 hours after the bacterial inoculation, 1, 10, 30 mg of LZD (LZD 1, LZD 10, and LZD 30) or 1 mg of vancomycin (V1), respectively. Four other animals had a sham injection in their infected eye. The 4 remaining animals were used as negative control…

Режимы, содержащие линейнозолид, для лечения устойчивого к лекарственным препаратам туберкулеза у южноафриканских детей.

СПРАВОЧНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ: Варианты лечения туберкулеза, устойчивого к лекарственным препаратам (DR-TB), ограничены. Лайнзолид успешно используется для лечения ДР-ТБ у взрослых, однако имеется мало сообщений о том, что он используется у детей для лечения туберкулеза. Согласно сообщениям, среди взрослых отмечаются высокие показатели неблагоприятного воздействия. МЕТОДЫ: В период с февраля 2007 года по март 2012 года в двух южноафриканских больницах мы провели ретроспективный обзор положения детей с лечением синдрома DR-TB с применением линейно-содержащего режима. Результаты: Семь детей (три инфицир

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Treatment options for drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) are limited. Linezolid has been successfully used to treat DR-TB in adults, but there are few case reports of its use in children for TB. The reported rate of adverse events in adults is high. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of children with DR-TB treated with linezolid-conta…

Nosocomial spondylodiskitis with epidural abscess and CSF fistula cured with quinupristin/dalfopristin and linezolid.

Nosocomial infections after spinal surgery are relatively uncommon but potentially serious. The goal of diagnostic evaluation is to determin … achieved with long-term antimicrobial specific therapy with quinupristin-dalfopristin (50 days) and linezolid (100 days) with mild side effects. This positive result was due to combined medical and surgical treatment.

Efficacy of linezolid in treatment of experimental endocarditis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

The efficacies of orally (p.o.) dosed linezolid and intravenously (i.v.) dosed vancomycin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in rabbits with experimental aortic-valve endocarditis were investigated. After endocarditis was established with a recent clinical MRSA isolate, rabbits were dosed for 5 days with linezolid (p.o., three times a day) at either 25, 50, or 75 mg/kg of body weight or vancomycin (i.v., twice a day) at 25 mg/kg. The 25-mg/kg linezolid group had a high mortality rate and bacterial counts in the valve vegetations that were not different from those of the…

[Achievement of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic targets with linezolid therapeutic drug monitoring in critically ill patients].

BACKGROUND: Standard dosing of linezolid regimen frequently results in suboptimal exposure in critically ill patients. This study aimed to analyze the association between dosing regimens (total daily dose and infusion duration) and the probability of achieving pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic targets, as well as their microbiological and clinical impact. METHODS: A retrospective observational study was conducted in critically ill patients admitted to intensive care units who underwent therapeutic drug monitoring of linezolid between May 2021 and December 2023. Achievement of pharmacokinetic/ph…