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Anti-tumor activity of staurosporine in the tumor microenvironment of cervical cancer: An in vitro study.

AIM: The fundamental events for cancer progression and metastases include loss of cell adhesion, cell proliferation, anchorage-independent cell growth (evading anoikis), cell migration and cell invasion. All these events leading to cancer progression happen in a favorable nurturing tumor microenvironment. This study was designed to explore the anti-tumor activity of staurosporine (a nonspecific protein kinase inhibitor) in the tumor microenvironment of cervical cancer. MAIN METHODS: The anti-tumor activity of staurosporine was investigated by cell adhesion assay, colony formation assay, apopt…

The influence of the microenvironment of liver-specific tumor cell colonization in a murine tumor model.

UNLABELLED: Malignant tumors often show an organ-specific metastatic spread. Some cells of the primary apparently bear an affinity for growing in the microenvironment of certain organs. After i.v. injection of myofibrosarcoma cells from the primary ER 15-P into the tail vein of male C57/Bl6J mice, metastases developed in various organs. A tumor cell line (ER 15-Me3) isolated from liver metastases of the primary was found to colonize preferentially to the liver. To find out whether the liver specificity of the tumor cell line ER 15-Me3 depended on the hepatic microenvironment, tumor cells from

Progress in metabolic reprogramming of gastric malignant tumors to remodel tumor immune microenvironments.

Metabolic reprogramming alters the processes by which tumor cells generate energy and synthesize products, affecting their growth and survival. It also reshapes the tumor microenvironment by influencing immune cell function and interaction. Current literature suggests that the metabolic characteristics of gastric malignancies are closely associated with tumor immune evasion and inflammatory responses, thereby influencing immune cell infiltration, tumor progression, and patient prognosis. Despite some progress, research on metabolic reprogramming in gastric cancer (GC) is challenging, particula…

TGFBI in tumors and the tumor immune microenvironment: functional roles, mechanisms, and therapeutic targeting.

TGFBI in tumors, providing a comprehensive theoretical foundation for developing TGFBI-based precision diagnosis and treatment. Transforming … ial transcriptomic studies, we elucidate the cell-type-specific expression patterns of TGFBI in the tumor microenvironment and propose a tumor-type-specific therapeutic stratification framework for TGFBI-targeted interventions. This review thus fills a critical gap by providing the first systematic integration of TGFBI's context-dependent functions with its translationa …

Epidemiology and tumor microenvironment of ocular surface and orbital tumors on growth and malignant transformation.

The ocular surface and orbit constitute unique microenvironments in the human body. Current advances in molecular research have deepened our understanding of tumor development in these regions. Tumors exhibit greater heterogeneity compared to normal tissues, as revealed by pathological and histological examinations. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in the proliferation and progression of cancer cells. Factors from the external environment or the body's own inflammation and microcirculation interact within the TME, maintaining a delicate balance. Disruption of this balance,…

Prehabilitation as a Strategy to Modulate the Tumor Microenvironment in Pancreatic Cancer.

Multimodal prehabilitation aims to enhance resilience to cancer therapy through exercise, nutrition, and psychological optimization. While prehabilitation can improve physical condition and functional status, its biologic influence on the tumor microenvironment (TME) remains poorly characterized. In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the TME is dominated by immunosuppressive and desmoplastic features that limit immune cell infiltration and therapeutic efficacy. As an exploratory pilot analysis, this study characterized the cellular composition, spatial relationships, and functional signa…

Research progress of CMTM4 in the tumor immune microenvironment and immunotherapy.

Immunosuppression within the tumor microenvironment (TME) remains a major barrier to durable responses to cancer immunotherapy. CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing 4 (CMTM4), a member of the CMTM family, has emerged as a regulator of tumor immune regulation and membrane protein trafficking. This critical narrative review summarizes the genetic and structural features of CMTM4, its immunological functions under physiological and pathological conditions, and its multifaceted roles within the immune compartment of the TME. The review focuses on three aspects (1): mechanisms by which …

The progress and perspective of nanomedicine in modulating the tumor immune microenvironment.

The widespread application of nanomedicine in oncology is reshaping cancer treatment paradigms. Using the precise targeting mechanisms and the rapid advancements in nanoscale materials, nanomedicine is driving progress in cancer therapy, particularly within the complex landscape of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIM). This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent studies elucidating the critical role of nanomedicine in modulating the TIM, augmenting the efficacy of immunotherapies, and overcoming therapeutic resistance. Emphasis is placed on the significance of targeted drug deli

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… Figure 1 Figure 1 Immune Modulation in Tumor Microenvironment. … Figure 4 Strategy for reversing immunosuppression in tumor microenvironment. Nanotechnology is employed to reverse immunosuppression within the tumor microenvironment, enhancing the body's natural ability to combat cancer. …

The Impact of SF3B1 Mutations on the Tumor Microenvironment and Response to Immunotherapy.

Cancer genomes shape the immune landscape within the tumor microenvironment (TME), thereby influencing host antitumor immunity. Identifying somatic mutations that modulate the TME is critical for selecting patients most likely to benefit from immunotherapy. Here, by integrating a transcriptome-based predictive model with comprehensive genomic analyses, we identified SF3B1 splicing factor mutations associated with the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). We systematically evaluated the effects of SF3B1 mutations on the TME and ICI response through in silico, in vitro, and in vivo ap…

Deciphering the regulatory role of ADAM8 in the PDAC tumor microenvironment.

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignancy with limited therapeutic options, driven in part by its immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and neutrophils (TANs) contribute to tumor progression and immune evasion. A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase 8 (ADAM8), a zinc-dependent protease, is strongly upregulated in PDAC and correlates with poor clinical outcomes, suggesting a regulatory role in tumor progression. METHODS: Wild-type (WT) and Adam8 knockout (A8KO) PDAC cell lines were generated using the CRISPR-Cas9 …

Lactate metabolism and protein lactylation in inflammatory and tumor microenvironments.

Lactate and lactate-mediated protein lactylation are no longer viewed merely as accompanying phenomena of enhanced glycolysis, hypoxic respo … ltering protein fate and signaling execution. Considering the distinct features of inflammatory and tumor microenvironments, this review compares the functional outputs of the lactate-lactylation axis during stage-specific inflammatory responses and persistent tumor-associated stress, with particular emphasis on its translational significance in immune checkpoint regula …

The role of inflammatory factors in the tumor microenvironment of pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is an aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis, and the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a pivotal role in its initiation, progression, and response to treatment. Recent studies have highlighted the critical involvement of inflammatory factors in shaping and sustaining the PC microenvironment. Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of this cancer, with inflammatory molecules such as cytokines, chemokines, proteases, and other immune-modulatory factors driving tumor cell proliferation, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. These inflammatory factors exert their effects …

CXCL2: a key player in the tumor microenvironment and inflammatory diseases.

CXCL2 (C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2), a constituent of the C-X-C chemokine subfamily, serves as a powerful chemotactic factor for neutrophils, facilitating leukocyte recruitment and movement while initiating an inflammatory response. Recent investigations have demonstrated the pivotal involvement of CXCL2 in carcinogenesis. Within the tumor microenvironment, CXCL2 modulates cellular activity primarily via its interaction with the CXCR2 receptor. The activation of signaling pathways, including ERK/MAPK, NF-κB/MAPK, PI3K/AKT, and JAK/STAT3, highlights CXCL2's inclination to promote tumorigenes…

Bridging the gap: ferroptosis of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment.

Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death driven by lipid peroxidation, is increasingly recognized as a pivotal immunomodulatory mechanism within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Beyond its well-established role in tumor cell elimination, emerging evidence reveals that immune cell subsets exhibit distinct susceptibility to ferroptosis, with profound consequences for antitumor immunity. This review systematically delineates the dual and cell-type-specific roles of ferroptosis across innate and adaptive immune populations: while ferroptosis-mediated depletion of immunosuppress…

The impact of the tumor microenvironment on the survival of penile cancer patients.

PeCa is a rare entity with rising incidence rates due to increased infections with human papillomaviruses (HPV). The distinct subtypes of PeCa with an individual pathogenesis demand biomarkers for a precise patient risk assessment regarding disease progression and therapeutic susceptibility. We recently identified promising candidates associated with an HPV-instructed tumor microenvironment (TME) using HPV-positive PeCa cell lines and tissue microarrays (TMA). The capacity of HPV + p63 + PeCa cells to release neutrophil-attracting CXCL-8 provided a molecular link explaining the infiltration of…

Role of CD68 in the tumor immune microenvironment in Hodgkin's lymphoma.

INTRODUCTION: Despite the high rate of cure in classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (cHL), some patients experienced a refractory disease, sometimes, hardly curable. In the pathogenesis of cHL, Reed Sternberg Cells (HRSC), which represent only less than 1% of tumor cells, are not the only protagonist; in fact, the role of tumor microenvironment is essential in survival, tumor growth, and progression of the disease due to the interaction between immune cells, chemokines, and cytokines. AREAS COVERED: In this review, the current significant literature was discussed. Many studies demonstrated the role of …

The Diet as a Modulator of Tumor Microenvironment in Colorectal Cancer Patients.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers in Western countries and remains the second most common cause of cancer death worldwide. Many studies show the importance of diet and lifestyle in the incidence of CRC, as well as in CRC prevention. However, this review summarizes those studies that analyze the impact of nutrition on tumor microenvironment modulation and cancer progression. We review the available information about the effects of specific nutrients on cancer cell progression and on the different cells within the tumor microenvironment. Diet and nutritional status in the…

Unveiling the Role of the Tumor Microenvironment in the Treatment of Follicular Lymphoma.

Follicular lymphomas (FL) are neoplasms that resemble normal germinal center (GC) B-cells. Normal GC and neoplastic follicles contain non-neoplastic cells such as T-cells, follicular dendritic cells, cancer associated fibroblasts, and macrophages, which define the tumor microenvironment (TME), which itself is an essential factor in tumor cell survival. The main characteristics of the TME in FL are an increased number of follicular regulatory T-cells (Treg) and follicular helper T-cells (Tfh), M2-polarization of macrophages, and the development of a nodular network by stromal cells that creates…

Metabolic Cooperation and Competition in the Tumor Microenvironment: Implications for Therapy.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is an ensemble of non-tumor cells comprising fibroblasts, cells of the immune system, and endothelial cells, besides various soluble secretory factors from all cellular components (including tumor cells). The TME forms a pro-tumorigenic cocoon around the tumor cells where reprogramming of the metabolism occurs in tumor and non-tumor cells that underlies the nature of interactions as well as competitions ensuring steady supply of nutrients and anapleoretic molecules for the tumor cells that fuels its growth even under hypoxic conditions. This metabolic reprogram…