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Susceptibility of mosquito and tick cell lines to infection with various flaviviruses.

The genus Flavivirus consists of more than 70 virus species and subtypes, the majority of which are transmitted by mosquitoes or ticks, alth … CTVM1) and Amblyomma variegatum (Fabricius) (AVL/CTVM17) to infection with 13 flaviviruses (and one alphavirus) using immunofluorescence microscopy and plaque assay techniques. The C6/36 mosquito cell line was infected by all the mosquito-borne flaviviruses tested but not by NKV viruses or tick-borne viruses, with the exception of Langat virus (LGTV). The ti …

Pegylated alpha interferon is an effective treatment for virulent venezuelan equine encephalitis virus and has profound effects on the host immune response to infection.

Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) is a highly infectious alphavirus endemic in parts of Central and South America. The disease is transmitted by mosquitoes, and the natural reservoir is the small rodent population, with epidemics occurring in horses and occasionally humans. Following infection, VEEV replicates in lymphoid tissues prior to invasion of the central nervous system. Treatment of VEEV-infected BALB/c mice with polyethylene glycol-conjugated alpha interferon (PEG IFN-alpha) results in a greatly enhanced survival from either a subcutaneous or an aerosol infection. Virus is u…

Arthritogenic alphaviruses: epidemiological and clinical perspective on emerging arboviruses.

Mosquito-borne viruses, or arboviruses, have been part of the infectious disease landscape for centuries, and are often, but not exclusively, endemic to equatorial and subtropical regions of the world. The past two decades saw the re-emergence of arthritogenic alphaviruses, a genus of arboviruses that includes several members that cause severe arthritic disease. Recent outbreaks further highlight the substantial public health burden caused by these viruses. Arthritogenic alphaviruses are often reported in the context of focused outbreaks in specific regions (eg, Caribbean, southeast Asia, and …

Mosquitoes used to draw blood for arbovirus viremia determinations in small vertebrates.

Serial samples from the same individuals may be required for certain virological studies, however, some small animals cannot easily be blood-sampled. Therefore, we evaluated the use of Culex quinquefasciatus Say and Aedes albopictus Skuse mosquitoes as "biological syringes" to draw blood for virus titer determinations in small vertebrates. Groups of chicks (Gallus gallus), hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus), and house sparrows (Passer domesticus) were experimentally infected with West Nile virus (WNV) or Highlands J virus (HJV). In general, good correlation was seen between mosquito- and syringe-

Experimental infection of young broiler chickens with eastern equine encephalitis virus and Highlands J virus.

Two-week-old broiler chickens were experimentally infected with either eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) virus or Highland J (HJ) virus. Mortality rates were 24/30 (80%) in EEE-virus-inoculated chickens and 2/30 (7%) in HJ-virus-inoculated chickens. Chickens inoculated with EEE virus exhibited severe depression and somnolence on days 1-6 postexposure (PE), with 17/30 birds dying during this period. After day 6 PE, EEE-virus-inoculated chickens exhibited abdominal distention, depression, and growth retardation, and an additional seven chickens died. Pathologic changes in EE-virus-inoculated chi

Гетерогенный Ribonucleoprotein K — нормативный фактор реконструкции вируса Чикунгунья в астроцитах.

Вирус Чикунгунья (CHIKV) все чаще ассоциируется с тяжелыми неврологическими последствиями и долгосрочной заболеваемостью. Вместе с тем, в центре нервной системы (ЦНС) существует ограниченное понимание важнейших компонентов хост-комплексного комплекса CHIKV, а следовательно, и факторов репликации и вирулентности. Кроме того, в большинстве исследований CHIKV CNS основное внимание уделяется нейронной инфекции, несмотря на то, что астроциты представляют собой основную цель в области мозга. Гетерогенный рибуклеопротеин K (hnRNP K), имеющий обязательную силу для РНК белок, связанный с скрещиванием,

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an emerging, mosquito-borne arthritic alphavirus increasingly associated with severe neurological sequelae and long-term morbidity. However, there is limited understanding of the crucial host components involved in CHIKV replicase assembly complex formation, and thus virus replication and virulence-determining factors, within the…

Analysis of Humoral Immune Responses in Chikungunya Virus (CHIKV)-Infected Patients and Individuals Vaccinated With a Candidate CHIKV Vaccine.

BACKGROUND: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus that causes severe flu-like symptoms. The acute symptoms disappear after 1 week, but chronic arthralgia can persist for years. In this study, humoral immune responses in CHIKV-infected patients and vaccinees were analyzed. METHODS: Alphavirus neutralization activity was analyzed with pseudotyped lentiviral vectors, and antibody epitope mapping was performed with a peptide array. RESULTS: The greatest CHIKV neutralization activity was observed 60-92 days after onset of symptoms. The amount of CHIKV-specific antibodies …

Novel Computational Pipeline to Identify Target Sites for Broad Spectrum Antiviral Drugs.

UNLABELLED: Emerging viruses pose an ongoing threat to human health. While certain viral families are common sources of outbreaks, predictin … pies. Our analysis identified multiple solvent accessible and structurally conserved pockets in the alphavirus non-structural protein 2 (nsP2) protease domain, which is essential for processing of the viral replicase proteins. Mutagenesis of key solvent accessible and conserved residues identified novel pockets that are essential for protease activity and th …

Viral Polymerase-Helicase Complexes Regulate Replication Fidelity To Overcome Intracellular Nucleotide Depletion.

UNLABELLED: To date, the majority of work on RNA virus replication fidelity has focused on the viral RNA polymerase, while the potential role of other viral replicase proteins in this process is poorly understood. Previous studies used resistance to broad-spectrum RNA mutagens, such as ribavirin, to identify polymerases with increased fidelity that avoid misincorporation of such base analogues. We identified a novel variant in the alphavirus viral helicase/protease, nonstructural protein 2 (nsP2) that operates in concert with the viral polymerase nsP4 to further alter replication complex fidel…

Neonatal Chikungunya: A case series.

Chikungunya virus is an RNA virus that belongs to the family Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. The disease usually manifests as fever, arthralgia and petechial or maculopapular rash. The illness is usually self-limiting. We report a series of neonates infected with Chikungunya virus, confirmed by ELISA test, showing that viral Chikungunya can be transmitted from mother to babies and its clinical presentation is that of septicemia or meningitis.

Vaccine research efforts for filoviruses.

Ebola and Marburg viruses belong to the family Filoviridae, and cause acute, frequently fatal, haemorrhagic fever in humans and non-human primates. No vaccines are available for human use. This review describes the status of research efforts to develop vaccines for these viruses and to identify the immune mechanisms of protection. The vaccine approaches discussed include DNA-based vaccines, and subunit vaccines vectored by adenovirus, alphavirus replicons, and vaccinia virus.

Inhibitory effect of a cyclic urea derivative on rubella virus replication.

1-(4-Morpholinomethyl)-tetrahydro-2(1H)-pyrimidinone (mopyridone) exhibited a marked activity against rubella virus (Judith and RA27/3 strains), a MIC50 value of 0.9 microM and selectivity ratio of 557.7 been found in the case of Judith strain. These data, in addition to the previous ones about its anti-alphavirus effects suggest the compound to be considered as a broad spectrum inhibitor of togavirus replication.

[The antiviral activity of inhibitors of ADP ribosylation in experimental alpha- and bunyavirus infections].

The prophylactic and therapeutic effects of ADP-ribosylation inhibitors, 3,N-acetylaminobenzamide and 3,N-butyrylaminobenzamide, were studied in mice inoculated with an alphavirus or a bunyavirus. Both drugs were shown to have high levels of antiviral activity when given as a single subcutaneous injection in a dose of 10 mg/kg while increasing the number of injections did not increase their efficacy or might even decrease it.

Роль взаимодействия chikungunya capsid-viral RNA в запрограммированном реберосомном смене рамы.

Вирус Чикунгунья (CHIKV) является важным вирусом, передаваемым через артропод, который вызывает вспышки в тропических и субтропических районах и быстро расширяется в географическом диапазоне. Инфекция может привести к острому фебрилическому заболеванию с изнурительной болью в суставе, которая может сохраняться, как хронический артрит. Эффективная репликация CHIKV и вирионная сборка основываются на скоординированном взаимодействии между вирусной РНК и белком капсида, который является структурным компонентом, необходимым для образования частиц. Помимо своей прочно укоренившейся структурной роли,

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
UNLABELLED: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a globally significant arthropod-borne virus that causes outbreaks in tropical and subtropical regi … omponent essential for particle formation. In addition to its well-established structural role, the alphavirus capsid protein has been shown in Sindbis virus to bind viral RNA and stabilize the genome, while in New World alphaviruses, it contributes to immune evasion through inhibition of host gene expression. However, its potential regulatory functions in v …

Recurrent arthralgias in a patient with previous Mayaro fever infection.

Mayaro fever is an acute, self-limited, febrile, mosquito-borne viral disease manifested by fever, chills, headache, myalgias, and arthralgias. The virus belongs to the family Togaviridae and the genus Alphavirus. Five other mosquito-borne viruses have been described as causing a similar dengue-like illness. The virus was first isolated in 1954, and the first epidemics were described in 1955 in Brazil and Bolivia. Other cases have been reported in Suriname, Brazil, Peru, French Guiana, and Trinidad. Up to 10 to 15% of febrile illnesses in endemic areas have been attributed to Mayaro virus. The…