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Fluid biomarkers for cervical spondylotic myelopathy.

INTRODUCTION: There is a scarcity of literature exploring fluid-based biomarkers that have the potential to provide deeper insights into the cellular mechanisms underlying cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) symptom presentation and postoperative recovery. This systematic review synthesized the literature on invasive, fluid-based biomarkers and their clinical significance with CSM. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comprehensive search strategy was developed for concepts of biomarkers and CSM. Retrieved results underwent title, abstract, and full-text screening with inclusion criteria being original…

[Biomarkers in tear fluid in uveitis].

The etiology of uveitis, choroid inflammation, is diverse, the disease is often recurrent, difficult to treat, and frequently results in disability at a young age. Studies investigating the tear fluid composition in uveitis have revealed promising biomarkers relevant for prognosis and treatment optimization. This review presents literature data on changes in the tear fluid content of proteins involved in local immune responses, intercellular interactions, proteolytic and free radical processes, nitric oxide metabolism, and other metabolic pathways in different forms of uveitis. The paper also …

Therapeutic pancreatic cancer biomarkers and pharmacogenetics.

FOLFIRINOX and gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel represent the most effective chemotherapy regimens for metastatic pancreatic cancer patients nowadays, but the median overall survival remains less than one year. Pharmacogenomics and the individualization of therapy represent a promising strategy, including identifying patients at increased risk of toxicity. This review summarizes contemporary knowledge about genetic variability and putative biomarkers with published associations to therapy responses of pancreatic cancer not only for gold standard treatment regimens (FOLFIRINOX, gemcitabine/nab-p…

Celiac Disease: Conventional and Novel Biomarkers.

Celiac disease (CeD) is a multisystem autoimmune disease secondary to ingestion of gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. A precise and early diagnosis is essential for its effective and timely management. For comprehensive management of patients with CeD, there is a need for noninvasive biomarkers for screening of patients, prediction of enteropathy, and monitoring of patients for adherence to the gluten-free diet. The modern-day tools including transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic methods allow development of various biomarkers, which reflect changes in the immunological profil…

Predictive biomarkers for post-thrombotic syndrome.

Post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) is a long-term sequela of deep venous thrombosis. This review summarizes the best currently available biomarker candidates to identify high-risk progression patients. We examined indexed literature, including clinical studies and review articles, to identify biomarkers indicating the progression of deep venous thrombosis to PTS. Among the most studied biomarkers, associations between PTS and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and IL-10 were consistently found to be associated with PTS development, whereas D-dimer, C-reactive protein, and IL-6 showed inconsistent r…

Recompensation in Cirrhosis: Biomarkers and Strategies.

The onset of decompensation in advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD) is a hallmark in natural history, with a poor prognosis and a significa … ike metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Despite the need for specific biomarkers in hepatic recompensation, no biomarkers have been thoroughly studied in this context. Biomarkers identified in compensated ACLD (cACLD) following etiological treatment might be explored for recompensation. Although the pathophysiology mechanisms un …

Биомаркеры на основе жидкости для нейродегенеративных заболеваний.

Нейродегенеративные заболевания, такие, как болезнь Альцгеймера (AD), Множественный склероз (MS), болезнь Паркинсона (PD) и амиотропический боковой склероз (ALS), становятся все более распространенными по мере старения населения мира. Жидкие биомаркеры, получаемые из цереброспинной жидкости (CSF), крови, слюны, мочи и экзосом, предлагают многообещающее решение для ранней диагностики, прогнозирования и мониторинга заболеваний. Эти биомаркеры могут отражать такие критические патологические процессы, как осаждение амилоид-бета (Aβ), гиперфосфорилирование белка тау, неправильное завязывание α-син,

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's Disease (PD), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) are increasingly prevalent as global populations age. Fluid biomarkers, derived from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood, saliva, urine, and exosomes, offer a promising solution for early diagnosis, prognosis, …

Pleural fluid biomarkers: a narrative review.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Pleural fluid is a source from which various biomarkers can be obtained and measured to facilitate the management and prognostication of various conditions. This narrative review aims to summarise a few selected applications of pleural fluid biomarker analysis based on the latest literature. METHODS: A literature search for articles published in English regarding human subjects from the period January 2000 to December 2023 was performed through PubMed. Publications considered by the authors to be relevant were included in this review, with additional references added…

Phenotypes and Serum Biomarkers in Sarcoidosis.

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease, which is diagnosed on a compatible clinical presentation, non-necrotizing granulomatous inflammation in one or more tissue samples, and exclusion of alternative causes of granulomatous disease. Considering its heterogeneity, numerous aspects of the disease remain to be elucidated. In this context, the identification and integration of biomarkers may hold significance in clinical practice, aiding in appropriate selection of patients for targeted clinical trials. This work aims to discuss and analyze how validated biomarkers are currently integrated in disea…

Biomarkers of Hepatic Toxicity: An Overview.

BACKGROUND: Hepatotoxicity is the foremost issue for clinicians and the primary reason for pharmaceutical product recalls. A biomarker is a measurable and quantifiable attribute used to evaluate the efficacy of a treatment or to diagnose a disease. There are various biomarkers which are used for the detection of liver disease and the intent of liver damage. OBJECTIVE: This review aims to investigate the current state of hepatotoxicity biomarkers and their utility in clinical settings. Using hepatic biomarkers, the presence of liver injury, its severity, prognosis, causative agent, and type of…

Phospholipid biomarkers of coronary heart disease.

Coronary heart disease, also known as ischemic heart disease, is induced by atherosclerosis, which is initiated by subendothelial retention … spholipid classes in plasma lipoproteins and coronary heart disease and in identifying phospholipid biomarkers. This review describes recent progress in the identification of phospholipid biomarkers of coronary heart disease.

Biologics in Asthma: Role of Biomarkers.

Our modern understanding of asthma mainly concerns identification of inflammatory endotype to guide management. The distinction mostly concerns identification of type-2 inflammation, for which different biomarkers have been well characterized. Blood eosinophils corroborate activity in the interleukin (IL)-5 axis while fraction of exhaled nitric oxide is indicative of the IL-4/IL-13 axis, giving us an indication of activity in these distinct but complementary pathways. These biomarkers predict disease activity, with increased risk of exacerbations when elevated, and a further, multiplicative in…

The Pathophysiology and Biomarkers of Delirium.

Delirium is a major disturbance in the mental state characterized by fluctuations in arousal, deficits in attention, distorted perception, a … ry patterns and disruptions in functional connectivity among specific brain regions. Elevated serum biomarkers of inflammation, including interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and S100B, suggest a role of dysregulated inflammatory processes and cellular metabolism, particularly in perioperative and sepsis-related delirium. Emerging animal models that can mimic …

[Biomarkers of Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus].

Although the pathophysiology of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) remain largely unknown, it is well acknowledged that iNPH causes ventricular enlargement due to decreased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) absorption. Pathophysiologically, it is supposed that the excretion of waste proteins is impaired along with CSF. Hence, they tend to aggregate, and in many neurodegenerative diseases, abnormal aggregation and accumulation of such proteins are deeply involved in the pathogenesis of disease. Biomarkers (BMs) contribute to diagnosis by identifying comorbid neurodegenerative diseases that…

Biomarkers of Rejection in Kidney Transplantation.

Alloimmune injury is a major cause of long-term kidney allograft failure whether due to functionally stable (subclinical) or overt clinical rejection. These episodes may be mediated by immune cells (cellular rejection) or alloantibody (antibody-mediated rejection). Early recognition of immune injury is needed for timely appropriate intervention to maintain graft functional viability. However, the conventional measure of kidney function (ie, serum creatinine) is insufficient for immune monitoring due to limited sensitivity and specificity for rejection. As a result, there is need for biomarkers…

Advances in Neuroimaging Biomarkers and Scoring.

MRI of the brain is a critical tool in the diagnosis, evaluation, and management of neonatal encephalopathy (NE). More than simply a diagnostic and prognostic tool, MRI informs the biology, nature, and timing of the disease process resulting in NE, of which the largest single etiology is hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Historically, 2 major patterns of injury were seen in HIE: a basal ganglia/thalamus predominant pattern and a watershed pattern of injury. The advent of therapeutic hypothermia for NE/HIE, alongside improvements in the application of imaging technology in newborn infants,

Serum biomarkers for liver fibrosis assessment.

Liver fibrosis is the result of chronic liver injury of different etiologies produced by an imbalance between the synthesis and degeneration of the extracellular matrix and dysregulation of physiological mechanisms. Liver has a high regenerative capacity in the early stage of chronic diseases so a prompt liver fibrosis detection is important. Consequently, an easy and economic tool that could identify patients with liver fibrosis at the initial stages is needed. To achieve this, many non-invasive serum direct, such as hyaluronic acid or metalloproteases, and indirect biomarkers have been propo…

Early inflammatory biomarkers and melanoma survival.

BACKGROUND: Few studies have investigated the role of inflammatory markers in predicting cutaneous melanoma survival. The aim of the study was to identify, if any, early inflammatory markers in the prognosis of all stages of primary cutaneous melanoma. METHODS: We conducted a 10-year cohort study among 2,141 melanoma patients from the same geographic area (Lazio) with primary cutaneous melanoma diagnosed between January 2005 and December 2013. In situ cutaneous melanoma was excluded from the analysis (N = 288), leaving 1,853 cases of invasive cutaneous melanoma. The following hematological ma