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Capgras Syndrome, Multiple Sclerosis, and COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report.

Capgras syndrome is a psychotic illness characterized by an unshaken false belief in having a close family member replaced by an imposter when there is no evidence of such. The patient described in this case report is a 68-year-old Caucasian female who presented with Capgras syndrome in the context of chronic progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) following an acute COVID-19 illness. She was treated with quetiapine with full resolution of symptoms.

Multiple Sclerosis: Clinical Updates in Women's Health Care Primary and Preventive Care Review.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. The disease affects more women than men and often is diagnosed during a woman's childbearing years. Typical clinical presentations of the disease are extensive and variable, with symptoms that include dysregulated mood, fatigue, vision problems, weakness, tremor, imbalance, abnormal sensations, bladder dysfunction, and heat sensitivity. If a woman aged 15-50 years experiences these neurologic symptoms in isolation or combination, and the symptoms are not explained by other underlying medi…

Neurology of inflammatory bowel disease.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic inflammatory conditions affecting the digestive system, comprising two main distinctive entiti … eriods of exacerbations. Vasculitis is extremely rare. There is a bidirectional association between multiple sclerosis and IBD, with a relative risk for comorbidity of 1.54, being 1.53 for the risk of multiple sclerosis in IBD and 1.55 for the risk of IBD in multiple sclerosis patients. Anti-TNF-α therapy is contraindicated in the treatment of patients who have both …

Болезнь Герстманна-Страусслера-Шинкера, имитирующая первичный прогрессивный множественный склероз: случай с положительными олигоклонами.

БАКГРУКТОР: В некоторых прионских болезнях наблюдались положительные олиголональные полосы (ОКБ), которые являются ключевым индикатором в диагностике множественных склерозов (МС). МЕТОДЫ: Мы описываем случай болезни Герстманна-Страусслера-Шинкера (СГБ) с положительными ОХБ, отсутствие устойчивых аномалий в коре или базальной ганглии, а также ограниченную атрофию мозга, имитирующую клиническую характеристику первичного прогрессивного MS (ППМС). ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: При диагностике MS следует проявлять осторожность при выявлении нетипичных белых веществ и предупредительных знаков. СОБ следует признать в

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Certain prion diseases have been observed to exhibit positive oligoclonal bands (OCBs), a key marker in diagnosing multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS: We describe a case of Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker (GSS) disease presenting with positive OCBs, no sustained abnormalities in the cortex or basal ganglia, and limited brain atrophy progression, mi…

Therapy-related acute leukemia in two patients with multiple sclerosis treated with Mitoxantrone.

Two cases of therapy-related acute leukemia (TRAL) after the use of Mitoxantrone for the treatment of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) are reported. They were extracted from the group of 42 consecutive patients with TRAL diagnosed and treated in single centre between 2000-2010. They were the only two with MS and the only two treated with Mitoxantrone. The first patient was a 43-year-old male with a previous history of MS of 15-year-duration, who developed acute promyelocytic leukemia 9 months following Mitoxantrone therapy (cumulative dose 120 mg). The second patient was a 55-year…

Multiple sclerosis: multiple etiologies, multiple genes?

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by multifocal damage of the central nervous system myelin. Both humoral and cell-mediated immune abnormalities have been observed in patients with multiple sclerosis, but their relation to the demyelination process is not understood. The etiology of the disease is still unknown; however, evidence exists for an interplay between environmental and genetic factors. Several genes are involved in determining the disease susceptibility, at least one of them encoded within human leukocyte antigen gene complex. Other genomic regions co…

Associations of smoking, infections, early-life exposures, and concussion with progressive-onset versus relapse-onset multiple sclerosis: A case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Among environmental factors associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) susceptibility, few studies have examined different onset types. It remains unclear whether risk factors for primary progressive MS (PPMS) are comparable to those for relapse-onset MS (RMS). This study aimed to explore the association between selected environmental factors and PPMS risk, and compare their effect sizes with RMS. METHODS: We used a case-control design with participants from two datasets: the Primary-Progressive MS Study (2015-2021) and the Australian Multi-center Study of Environment and Immune Func…

Voxel-based assessment of differences in damage and distribution of white matter lesions between patients with primary progressive and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Several studies have reported lower focal demyelination and inflammatory activity in primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) than in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). However, very little is known about possible differences in damage and distribution that may occur within lesions visible on magnetic resonance imaging in the 2 forms of the disease. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate differences in spatial distribution and structural damage of focal demyelinating lesions in patients with PPMS and RRMS. DESIGN: We acquired conventional magnetic resonance and magnetization transfer images in …

Association between peripheral blood immunological status and intrathecal inflammatory markers differentiate multiple sclerosis clinical phenotypes.

BACKGROUND: The difference in the clinical course, response to therapy, and distribution of CNS inflammation in primary-progressive (PPMS) and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) suggests differences in the underlying immunological characteristics of the disease. We aimed to investigate differences in immunological profiles in relation to intrathecal inflammation in different MS forms. METHODS: The peripheral blood (PB) proportions of CD4 + and CD8 + T-cells and CD19 + B-cells were retrospectively compared with the markers of intrathecal immunoglobulin G (IgG) synthesis at diagnosis…

Quality of life in multiple sclerosis: effects of current treatment options.

Multiple sclerosis is the most common non-traumatic neurodegenerative disease in adults. Most of the patients present with both physical and mental deficits which reflect the dissemination of the lesions in the central nervous system, produced by the inflammatory process. The incomplete recovery after relapses, the accumulation of new deficits and the progressive nature of the condition interfere with daily activities of individuals and have a negative impact on their well-being. Indeed, studies show that quality of life measurements are constantly lower in patients with multiple sclerosis. Es…

[Case study of 199 patients with multiple sclerosis: the use of EDMUS program].

European Database Multiple Sclerosis (EDMUS) is a standardized tool which allows the collection of clinical, biological, radiological and therapeutic data on multiple sclerosis (MS). A descriptive analysis of 199 patients was done using EDMUS (version 2.2). Most data agreed with previous published results, except a low 0.4 sex ratio. At the beginning of MS, 42 p. 100 of MS patients developed pyramidal and sensory involvements and 14 p. 100 retrobulbar optic neuritis. Optic neuritis was the most frequent initial symptom of relapsing-remitting MS (25.9 p. 100) but not in the chronic progressive …

Real-world experience of ocrelizumab in multiple sclerosis in a Spanish population.

OBJECTIVE: Pivotal trial have shown that patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) receiving ocrelizumab had better outcomes. However, data on ocrelizumab in clinical practice are limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the preliminary safety profile and effectiveness of ocrelizumab treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS) in a real-world clinical setting. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study including consecutive patients from nine public hospitals in south-eastern Spain who received ocrelizumab after it was approved. RESULTS: A total of 228 MS patients were included (144 with relaps…

Evidence of early cortical atrophy in MS: relevance to white matter changes and disability.

OBJECTIVE: To assess cortical gray matter (GM) changes in MS and establish their relevance to clinical disability and to inflammatory changes of white matter (WM) in patients with the relapsing-remitting (RR) and primary progressive (PP) forms of the disease. METHODS: Conventional MRI examinations were obtained in patients with definite MS who had either the RR or the PP form of the disease. An automated analysis tool was used with conventional T1-weighted MR images to obtain total and cortical brain volumes normalized for head size. Total brain lesion load was estimated on conventional proto

Symptoms of depression and anxiety are early predictors of multi-domain disability progression in progressive MS.

INTRODUCTION: In multiple sclerosis (MS), depression and anxiety are common, yet their relation to disease progression is unclear. We investigated whether Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) symptoms predict neurological disability progression. METHODS: In our prospective cohort of people with primary progressive MS (PPMS), depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed using HADS. Disability progression at 1 and 2 years was assessed using three predefined endpoints: (1) Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), (2) a three-variable composite endpoint (EDSS, Timed 25-Foot Walk (T25FW),…

Клинические испытания у людей, не являющихся амбулаторными, с прогрессивным множественным склерозом: может ли проверка девяти дыр в качестве основной меры результата?

КОЛИЧЕСТВО: Пациенты, не являющиеся амбулаторными пациентами, как правило, исключаются из клинических испытаний при прогрессивном многократном склерозе (MS), даже несмотря на то, что у них продолжает ухудшаться инвалидность. Использование ручной функции, оцениваемой в ходе испытания на петлю в Девятом отрубе (NHPT), в качестве основной конечной точки могло бы обеспечить возможность их включения. Мы поставили перед собой цель описать двухгодичные траектории НХПП и определить прогнозы ухудшения положения в этой группе населения, с тем чтобы проинформировать о структуре таких испытаний.Мы включил

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Non-ambulatory patients are generally excluded from clinical trials in progressive multiple sclerosis (MS), even though they continue to experience disability worsening. Using hand function - assessed with the Nine Hole Peg Test (NHPT) - as a primary endpoint could enable their inclusion. We aimed to describe two-year NHPT trajectories and identi…

Толебрутиниб в случае невозобновляющегося вторичного прогрессивного множественного склероза: критический терапевтический разрыв.

Брютон-тирозиновые ингибиторы киназы (BTKi) представляют собой перспективную стратегию ограничения накопления инвалидности при множественном склерозе (MS). Результаты исследования HERCULES1 показали, что толебрутиниб, смотрящий на мозг BTKi, уменьшил на 31% риск развития инвалидности у невозвращающихся вторичных прогрессивных пациентов MS с хорошими характеристиками безопасности. Tolebrutinb может представлять собой крупный шаг вперед для этой группы населения, не получив в настоящее время разрешения на лечение.

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKi) represent a promising strategy to limit disability accumulation in multiple sclerosis (MS). Results from the HERCULES trial1 showed that tolebrutinib, a brain-penetrant BTKi, reduced by 31% the risk of disability progression in non-relapsing secondary progressive MS patients, with a good safety profile. Tolebrutininb …

Plasma N-Glycan Profiling повышает диагностическую точность при множественном склерозе, AQP4-Ab NMOSD и MOGAD.

ЦЕЛИ: Дифференцирование множественного склероза (MS) от болезней, определенных антителами (Ab), таких, как расстройства спектрального спектра нейромиелита (NMOSD), по-прежнему сопряжено с трудностями, особенно в связи с снижением уровней Ab. N-гликаны играют ключевую роль в иммунитете, при этом изменения в ветке и фукозилации связаны с функцией Т/В-клеток и MSshore, а остатки N-ацетилгллюкозамина увеличиваются в зависимости от развития болезни. Несмотря на растущее признание гликозилации в нейроинфламмации, прямые сопоставления N-гликома между MS и болезнями, определенными Ab, отсутствуют. Цел

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Differentiating multiple sclerosis (MS) from antibody (Ab)-defined diseases, such as neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs), remains challenging, particularly as Ab levels decline. N-glycans play a key role in immunity, with changes in branching and fucosylation linked to T/B-cell function and MS onset while increased N-a…

T-lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood of patients with multiple sclerosis, patients with other neurological diseases and healthy controls.

We report our results in profiling peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations with monoclonal antibodies in 17 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, 22 patients with other neurological diseases (OND), and 11 healthy controls, using a blind experiment. Untreated patients with a chronic progressive MS have higher T-helper cell (OKT4+) counts and a higher ratio OKT4+/OKT8+ than other MS patients, OND or healthy controls. Two weeks after the onset of a relapse of MS there is a decreased T-helper and an increased T-suppressor cell percentage. Treatment with ACTH results in a significant increase of hel…

Multiple sclerosis in childhood: long term katamnestic investigations.

Sixteen children with multiple sclerosis, 14 with remitting and 2 with progressive course, and their follow up for 4-16 (mean, 9 years) are reported. The disease manifested in eight children at the age of 1.5-9 years, while in the other eight at the age of 12-14 years. The cases were acute, but had a stronger inclination to remission than in adulthood. In addition to the "classical" symptoms known in adult, multiple sclerosis, papilloedema and acute increased intracranial pressure were observed in nine children. Dehydrating treatment was life saving in these cases. Opsoclonus occurred in two p…

Multimodal Evoked Potentials as Candidate Prognostic and Response Biomarkers in Clinical Trials of Multiple Sclerosis.

Evoked potentials (EPs) measure quantitatively and objectively the alterations of central signal propagation in multiple sclerosis and have long been used for diagnosis. More recently, their utility for prognosis has been demonstrated in several studies, summarizing multiple EP modalities in a single score. In particular, visual, somatosensory, and motor EPs are useful because of their sensitivity to pathology in the frequently affected optic nerve, somatosensory tract, and pyramidal system. Quantitative EP scores show higher sensitivity to change than clinical assessment and may be used to mo…