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The cell wall sensors Mtl1, Wsc1, and Mid2 are required for stress-induced nuclear to cytoplasmic translocation of cyclin C and programmed cell death in yeast.

Mtl1 is a member of a cell wall sensor family that monitors cell wall integrity in budding yeast. In response to cell wall stress, Mtl1 activates the cell wall integrity (CWI) MAP kinase pathway which transmits this signal to the nucleus to effect changes in gene expression. One target of the CWI MAP kinase is cyclin C, a negative regulator of stress response genes. CWI activation results in cyclin C relocalization from the nucleus to the cytoplasm where it stimulates programmed cell death (PCD) before it is destroyed. This report demonstrates that under low oxidative stress conditions, a comb

The endoplasmic reticulum: Homeostasis and crosstalk in retinal health and disease.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest intracellular organelle carrying out a broad range of important cellular functions including p … tress signaling regulates common cellular stress pathways such as autophagy. We also touch upon the integrated stress response in retinal degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. Finally, we provide an update on the current development of pharmacological agents targeting the UPR response and discuss some unresolved questions and knowledge gaps to be addressed by future resear …

High-content imaging driven algal phenotypes enable precise multilevel discrimination of heavy metal stress.

Conventional water quality monitoring based on fixed chemical thresholds often fails to capture the integrated biological effects of pollutant mixtures and sublethal stress. To address this limitation, we developed a high-content imaging (HCI)-based pipeline that converts phenotypic changes in algal cells into multidimensional quantitative features for toxicity assessment. A heavy metal stress model was established by exposing Chlorella vulgaris to copper, nickel, and zinc across concentrations ranging from regulatory standards to toxic levels. An integrated HCI analysis workflow was applied t

FoxO1, A2M, and TGF-β1: three novel genes predicting depression in gene X environment interactions are identified using cross-species and cross-tissues transcriptomic and miRNomic analyses.

To date, gene-environment (GxE) interaction studies in depression have been limited to hypothesis-based candidate genes, since genome-wide (GWAS)-based GxE interaction studies would require enormous datasets with genetics, environmental, and clinical variables. We used a novel, cross-species and cross-tissues "omics" approach to identify genes predicting depression in response to stress in GxE interactions. We integrated the transcriptome and miRNome profiles from the hippocampus of adult rats exposed to prenatal stress (PNS) with transcriptome data obtained from blood mRNA of adult humans exp

Integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics reveal regulatory networks in Poa annua under combined drought and cold.

In natural environments, plants are often exposed to multiple abiotic stresses simultaneously. Their combined effects usually cause more severe damage than a single stress. However, little is known about the coordinated response mechanisms of cool-season turfgrass to combined drought and cold stress. Two accessions of Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) with contrasting stress tolerance were used in this study: Huangzhong (HZ, tolerant) and Zhouqu (ZQ, sensitive). Physiological phenotyping, stomatal behavior observation, transcriptomics, and metabolomics were integrated to systematically compare t

A data-informed multidimensional composite score for stress assessment.

Occupations such as the military, emergency responders, and athletes demand acute physical, cognitive and psychosocial effort. Individuals in these roles face task-specific stressors, including extreme heat, sustained mental focus and performance under social pressure, resulting in variable stress responses. Comparing individual stress responses is challenging due to the complex physiological, cognitive, and emotional interactions. This study presents a novel, data-focused multidimensional approach to assessing stress by quantitatively integrating cognitive, psychosocial, and physiological ind

Multi-omics integration revealed the molecular responses and key candidate genes underlying cold tolerance in Elymus nutans.

The perennial grass Elymus nutans, native to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, exhibits exceptional cold tolerance. To understand its underlying mechanisms, we integrated physiological, transcriptomic, and proteomic profiling under cold stress. Our results revealed a distinct two-phase response strategy to cold stress. The early phase (0-24 h) featured rapid Ca2+ signaling, redox-related transcriptional reprogramming, and increased membrane permeability. The late phase (36-72 h) shifted toward primary metabolic regulation and the translation of protective proteins. Notably, a prominent time lag (temp

Rhizosphere microbes are partners in plant stress adaptation.

Rhizosphere microbes actively shape plant stress perception and signaling, integrating abiotic and biotic responses and enabling microbiome-assisted resilience, offering a new framework for engineering and breeding stress-adapted crops.

Гепатит Е Вирус Протеза ингибирует активность эукариотического фактора 2-Alpha Kinase 4 и содействует выживанию вируса.

В камере существует множество механизмов, позволяющих справляться со стрессом. Четыре независимых киназа со стрессом представляют собой комплексный механизм реагирования на стресс в клетке млекопитающих, и они ощущают стрессовые сигналы и действуют путем фосфорирования эукариотического коэффициента инициирования 2α (eIF2α) для остановки клеточного перевода. Эукариотический коэффициент инициирования 2 альфа-киназа 4 (eIF2AK4) является одним из четырех киназ и активируется в условиях аминокислотного голода, ультрафиолетового излучения или вирусной инфекции РНК, что приводит к прекращению глобаль

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple mechanisms exist in a cell to cope with stress. Four independent stress-sensing kinases constitute the integrated stress response machinery of the mammalian cell, and they sense the stress signals and act by phosphorylating the eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) to arrest cellular translation. Eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 4 (eIF2…

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Signaling as a Therapeutic Target in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma.

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a lethal cancer with limited treatment options. No targeted therapy has emerged yet. Here, we performed an integrated molecular characterization of patient tumors in the TCGA dataset, and discovered that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the adaptive unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling are characteristically deregulated in MPM. Consequently, pharmacological perturbation of ER stress/UPR axis by HA15, an agent that induces persistent proteotoxic stress in the ER, selectively suppresses the viability of MPM cells including those refractory to sta

Impact of different stress paradigms on irritable bowel syndrome: Evidence from clinical and animal studies.

Irritable bowel syndrome is a chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by recurrent abdominal pain and altered bowel habits, a condition significantly influenced by stress. Based on the brain's perception and response to stressors, stress can be categorized into physical stress and psychological stress. Accordingly, this narrative review focuses on elucidating the effects of different stress paradigms on irritable bowel syndrome. Stress activates the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, contributing to symptom onset and progression. P

Sex differences in autonomic responses to stress: implications for cardiometabolic physiology.

Chronic stress is a significant risk factor for negative health outcomes. Furthermore, imbalance of autonomic nervous system control leads to dysregulation of physiological responses to stress and contributes to the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic and psychiatric disorders. However, research on autonomic stress responses has historically focused on males, despite evidence that females are disproportionality affected by stress-related disorders. Accordingly, this mini-review focuses on the influence of biological sex on autonomic responses to stress in humans and rodent models. The reviewed lit

A Novel Potent and Selective GCN2 Inhibitor, APL-4098, Has Antileukemic Activity through Dysregulation of Mitochondrial Function.

PURPOSE: GCN2, one of the four kinases that activate the integrated stress response to maintain proteostasis, has been shown to support cancer cell growth and survival in multiple preclinical cancer models. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematologic malignancy with poor prognosis and high relapse rates that is marked by a dependency on finely tuned proteostasis. In this study, we investigate the antileukemic potential of a new small-molecule GCN2 inhibitor, APL-4098. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Selectivity and potency of APL-4098 were assessed using biochemical and cell-based assays. …

Proteomic profiling of a Sporobolomyces yeast reveals global responses to UV-B-induced oxidative stress.

RESEARCH BACKGROUND: Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation induces oxidative stress through the generation of reactive oxygen species, affecting organisms across all domains of life. While UV-stress responses have been extensively studied in the ascomycete yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and animal systems, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying UV tolerance in basidiomycete, UV-resistant yeasts. Carotenoid-producing yeasts of the genus Sporobolomyces represent an attractive model to investigate whether conserved oxidative stress pathways, including bZip transcription factor signall

Chronic hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis disruption alters glutamate homeostasis and neural responses to stress in male C57Bl6/N mice.

It is now well-established that stress elicits brain- and body-wide changes in physiology and has significant impacts on many aspects of health. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is the major neuroendocrine system mediating the integrated response to stress. Appropriate engagement and termination of HPA activity enhances survival and optimizes physiological and behavioral responses to stress, while dysfunction of this system is linked to negative health outcomes such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Glutamate signaling plays a large role in the transmissi

CS proteins and ubiquitination: orchestrating DNA repair with transcription and cell division.

To face genotoxic stress, eukaryotic cells evolved extremely refined mechanisms. Defects in counteracting the threat imposed by DNA damage underlie the rare disease Cockayne syndrome (CS), which arises from mutations in the CSA and CSB genes. Although initially defined as DNA repair proteins, recent work shows that CSA and CSB act instead as master regulators of the integrated response to genomic stress by coordinating DNA repair with transcription and cell division. CSA and CSB exert this function through the ubiquitination of target proteins, which are effectors/regulators of these processes

ABI5-activated ALKBH10B demethylates RAP2.6 mRNA to modulate Arabidopsis salt tolerance.

Salt stress induces ABI5 → ALKBH10B transcription; the demethylase removes m6A from RAP2.6 mRNA, accelerating its decay and attenuating salt-responsive genes, thus linking ABA signaling to reversible m6A control of Arabidopsis salt tolerance. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent internal modification of RNA and plays an important role in regulating RNA metabolism that governs development and environmental adaptation of plants. Here we dissect how the Arabidopsis m6A demethylase ALKBH10B is integrated into abscisic-acid (ABA)-mediated salt-stress signaling. Under salt treatment, loss

Idiopathic Scoliosis as a Conversion Reaction to Stress with the Neural Effect of a "Distorting Mirror".

Objective: To synthesize current evidence on the relationships between adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), stress-related mechanisms, neuroanatomical asymmetry, and mental disorders, and to propose an integrative conceptual framework describing their interaction. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Search terms targeted the etiology and pathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, hemispheric lateralization, stress responses, body schema disturbances, and associated mental disorders. The review wa

Properties analysis of transcription factor gene TasMYB36 from Trichoderma asperellum CBS433.97 and its heterogeneous transfomation to improve antifungal ability of Populus.

The transcription of TasMYB36 in the biocontrol species T. asperellum was upregulated in four different pathogenic fermentation broths, suggesting that TasMYB36 plays an important role in the response to biotic stresses. Seventy-nine MYB transcription factors that were homologous to TasMYB36 from six sequenced Trichoderma genomes were analyzed. They were distributed in fourteen clades in the phylogenetic tree. The 79 MYBs contained 113 DNA binding domains, and their amino acid sequences were conserved and were different to those in plants. The promoters of 79 MYBs contained 1374 cis-regulators

Surface electromyography as a non-invasive method for detecting stress-induced changes in gastrointestinal motility in pigs.

Surface electromyography of the gastrointestinal tract is a non-invasive method for monitoring smooth muscle myoelectrical activity and provides an integrated assessment of gastrointestinal motility. Although prolonged or marked stress is known to impair digestive efficiency in livestock, partly via cortisol-mediated modulation of gastrointestinal smooth muscle activity, it remains unclear whether a single mild stressor can induce detectable alterations in motility. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether a single mild, experimentally induced stressor alters gastrointestinal motility