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Direct costs of Alzheimer's disease in Germany.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this analysis was to determine the direct costs for patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) based on data supplied by … n = 35.684). The study population was classified into three treatment groups: patients who received memantine and no other antidementia drugs, psychotropic drugs or sedatives/hypnotics (memantine group); patients who neither received memantine nor other antidementia drugs but psychotropic drugs and/or sedatives/hypnotics (PHS group); and patients who receiv …

An initial report of memory avoidance whole brain radiotherapy to treat brain metastases.

BACKGROUND: Hippocampal avoidance whole brain radiotherapy (HA-WBRT) with memantine is standard of care for patients with extensive brain metastases requiring radiation. However, other brain structures have critical memory and cognition roles, including the corpus callosum, fornix, amygdala, hypothalamus, and pituitary. A subset of patients enrolled on a Phase 2 Randomized Controlled Trial received an advanced "memory-avoidance" WBRT (MA-WBRT) approach that spared these substructures in addition to the hippocampus. METHODS: Patients with >15 brain metastases were enrolled in the ATHENA Trial …

Anti-dementia drugs: a descriptive study of the prescription pattern in Italy.

INTRODUCTION: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) and memantine are currently the only anti-dementia drugs (ADDs) approved for treating Alzheimer's disease (AD) in Italy. This nationwide study aims to characterize dementia drug utilization in a population > 65 years, during 2018-2020. METHODS: Different administrative healthcare databases were queried to collect both aggregate and individual data. RESULTS: ADD consumption remained stable throughout the study period (~ 9 DDD/1000 inhabitants per day). AChEI consumption was over 5 DDD/1000 inhabitants per day. Memantine consumption was ne…

NMDA receptor-mediated excitotoxicity contributes to the cerebral hypoxic injury of a rat model of posthypoxic myoclonus.

Cardiac arrest-induced cerebral hypoxic injury could induce posthypoxic movement disorders. Here we investigated the effects of memantine, an NMDA receptor channel blocker, on the neurodegeneration occurred in an established rat model of posthypoxic myoclonus. We found that administration of memantine for 7 days significantly reduced cerebral hypoxia-induced neurodegeneration in the CA1 of the hippocampus, the reticular thalamic nucleus (RTN) and the primary fissure of the cerebellum of the posthypoxic animals. The results suggest that the neurodegeneration observed in specific areas of the br…

Current Practices in the Treatment of Alzheimer Disease: Where is the Evidence After the Phase III Trials?

PURPOSE: The purpose of this systematic review was to review the current place in therapy of the 4 medications, donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine, and memantine, approved for the treatment of Alzheimer disease (AD) since the publication of Phase III trials. METHODS: A systematic literature search of MEDLINE and EMBASE was conducted for articles published in the past 10 years. The search was performed using the following Medical Subject Headings and text key words: Alzheimer's disease, treatment, donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, memantine, dementia of the Alzheimer's type, and dementia…

The neurophysiological effect of NMDA-R antagonism of frontotemporal lobar degeneration is conditional on individual GABA concentration.

There is a pressing need to accelerate therapeutic strategies against the syndromes caused by frontotemporal lobar degeneration, including s … encephalography sessions recorded a roving auditory oddball paradigm: on placebo or following 10 mg memantine, an uncompetitive NMDA-receptor antagonist. Ultra-high-field magnetic resonance spectroscopy confirmed lower concentrations of GABA in the right inferior frontal gyrus of people with frontotemporal lobar degeneration. While memantine showed a subtle …

A population-based study of dosing and persistence with anti-dementia medications.

PURPOSE: Cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine are the mainstay of pharmacological intervention for the cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study assessed the adequacy of dosing and persistence with AD medications and the predictors of these variables in the 'real world' (outside the clinical trial setting). METHODS: The Health Service Executive-Primary Care Reimbursement Services prescription claims database in the Republic of Ireland contains prescription information for 1.6 million people. Patients aged >70 years who received at least two prescriptions for donepezil, riv…

Distinct Roles of NMDA and AMPA Receptors in the Pathogenesis of Hyperbaric Oxygen-Induced Seizures.

Background: The mechanisms underlying central nervous system oxygen toxicity (CNS-OT), which manifests as generalized seizures, remain poorl … seizure-monitoring groups (n = 86) exposed to 100% O2 at 6 ATA until seizure onset: saline control; memantine (1, 5, 25 mg/kg); perampanel (0.2, 1, 5 mg/kg); memantine + perampanel combination (5 + 1 mg/kg); and methionine sulfoximine controls (50, 100 mg/kg). For morphological analysis (NeuN immunohistochemistry, 48 h post-exposure), separate groups (n = 8 …

Pharmacological interventions targeting cognition and related clinical outcomes in vascular dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

PURPOSE: Randomized evidence for pharmacological interventions in vascular dementia (VaD) is fragmented. We conducted a VaD-focused, scale-s … were published in 2012 or earlier. EGb 761® was evaluated in three trials; nimodipine, galantamine, memantine, and rivastigmine in two each; and pentoxifylline, citicoline, sulodexide, donepezil, and Tianzhi granule in one each. Galantamine reduced ADAS-Cog/11 scores (2 trials, n = 1,332; MD - 2.01, 95% CI - 3.18 to - 0.85) and ADAS-Cog/13 scores (2 trials, …

Targeting the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway for type 2 diabetes prevention: A retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Chronic inflammation is a key factor in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) development. The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway ( … ze confounding. Cox proportional hazard models assessed T2DM risk for galantamine, other AChEis and memantine. RESULTS: A total of 40 065 AD patients were included in the study. Among early-onset AD patients, galantamine use significantly reduced T2DM risk (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.80, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.66-0.98). Memantine also showed a protecti …

Changes in metabolites in the brain of patients with fibromyalgia after treatment with an NMDA receptor antagonist.

The aims of this work were to evaluate whether the treatment of patients with fibromyalgia with memantine is associated with significant changes in metabolite concentrations in the brain, and to explore any changes in clinical outcome measures. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy was performed of the right anterior and posterior insula, both hippocampi and the posterior cingulate cortex. Questionnaires on pain, anxiety, depression, global function, quality of life and cognitive impairment were used. Ten patients were studied at baseline and after three months of treatment with memantine. Significa…

Clinical Benefits for Older Alzheimer's Disease Patients: Okayama Late Dementia Study (OLDS).

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: There are few reports on the effects of anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) drugs on older AD patients, and possible differences based on gender in a real world setting. METHODS: "Okayama Late Dementia Study (OLDS)" is a retrospective clinical cohort study focusing on older AD patients (n = 373; age≥75 years) treated with monotherapy donepezil (n = 55), galantamine (n = 222), rivastigmine (n = 63), or memantine (n = 33). The patients were evaluated as an entire group and separated by gender, using seven batteries for dementia assessment at baseline and at 3, 6, and 12 months o…

Behavioral effects of aminoadamantane class NMDA receptor antagonists on schedule-induced alcohol and self-administration of water in mice.

RATIONALE: Aminoadamantanes represent a class of NMDA glutamate receptor antagonists that reduce alcohol consumption and may prevent alcohol-induced neuronal adaptations and side effects. OBJECTIVE: Behavioral specificity of memantine and amantadine on alcohol drinking in a schedule-induced polydipsia (SIP) task was investigated in mice. METHODS: Male C57BL/6J mice were food-deprived and divided into four groups: 5% alcohol SIP, water SIP, 1 h limited access regulatory water drinking, and a control group to determine if either drug altered ethanol drinking. Behavioral specificity of memantin…

Geographic Variation of Antidementia and Antipsychotic Medication Use Among US Nursing Home Residents With Dementia.

BACKGROUND: Several antidementia medications have been approved for symptomatic treatment of cognitive and functional impairment due to Alzh … uth Atlas files, we calculated prevalence of use and separate multilevel logistic models [outcomes: memantine, cholinesterase inhibitor (ChEI), antipsychotic use] estimated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% CIs for resident, facility, and HRR characteristics. We then fit a series of cross-classified multilevel logistic models to estimate the proportional c …

A study on neuroinflammation and NMDA receptor function in STZ (ICV) induced memory impaired rats.

Present study was designed to investigate the status of neuroinflammation and NMDA receptor function in STZ (ICV) induced memory impaired rats. STZ produced significant increase in proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β), ROS, nitrite and mRNA and protein expression of iNOS and nNOS indicating a state of neuroinflammation in rat brain which was significantly prevented by Memantine and Ibuprofen treatment. STZ also significantly altered NMDA subunits, NR2A and NR2B protein and mRNA expression which were restored by Memantine only. The results suggest that neuroinflammatory markers might be …

The effect of adjuvant treatment in obsessive compulsive disorder patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a neuropsychiatric condition characterized by the presence of intrusive thoughts, referred to as obsessions, and repetitive behaviors, known as compulsions. Globally, OCD affects approximately 2-3% of the population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and MEDLINE) were explored for the present study, from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2024. The analysis was conducted using R version 4.3.2 to estimate the overall treatment effect of memantine and risperidone for OCD, relative to placebo, via meta-analysis. The …

[Dementing disorders. What benefits do the new anti-dementia drugs have?].

A critical analysis of the latest studies and meta-analyses dealing with antidementia agents, show that the efficacy of donepezil, galantamine, ginkgo biloba EGb 761, memantine, rivastigmine and tacrine in Alzheimer's disease is adequately confirmed. With the exception of tacrine, none of these substances are commonly associated with severe side effects. In the case of vascular dementia, the efficacy of ginkgo biloba EGb 761 and memantine has been demonstrated. Studies on the effectiveness of the cholinesterase inhibitors for this indication have been initiated. Antidementia agents can delay p…

Pharmacologic dissociation between impulsivity and alcohol drinking in high alcohol preferring mice.

BACKGROUND: Impulsivity is genetically correlated with, and precedes, addictive behaviors and alcoholism. If impulsivity or attention is causally related to addiction, certain pharmacological manipulations of impulsivity and/or attention may affect alcohol drinking, and vice versa. The current studies were designed to explore the relationship among impulsivity, drinking, and vigilance in selectively bred High Alcohol Preferring (HAP) mice, a line that has previously demonstrated both high impulsivity and high alcohol consumption. Amphetamine, naltrexone, and memantine were tested in a delay di…

Non-adherence to antidementia medications and associated factors: a study of Spanish population-based registry data.

INTRODUCTION: With an increasing prevalence, dementia is one of the most disabling diseases among the elderly. Impaired cognitive function a … d multiple prescribers. The most used medicines were donepezil (43.49%), rivastigmine (36.84%), and memantine (30.7%). The combined use of an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor plus memantine was relevant (13.33%). Men were less adherent than women, and the prevalence of non-adherence decreased with age. The medication associated with the highest prevalence of …

Потенциал для восстановления адамантских антивирусов COVID-19.

Несколько адамантанов приняли меры против коронавирусов. Амантадин, дивантадин, бананин и структурно связанные мемантины эффективны против человеческого дыхательного коронавируса HCoV-OC43Коронавирус говядины и острый острый респираторный синдром 1 (В тыс.SARS-CoV-1) и спиродановый амин эффективен против штамма коронавируса 229E. Исследования молекулярной стыковки показывают, что амантадин может блокировать вирусный канал белка Е, что приводит к нарушению распространения вируса. Кроме того, аналогии амантадина могут препятствовать проникновению вируса в камеру, повышая pH эндосомы и тем самым

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Several adamantanes have established actions against coronaviruses. Amantadine, rimantadine, bananins and the structurally related memantine are effective against human respiratory coronavirus HCoV-OC43, bovine coronavirus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1) and a spiroadamantane amine is effective against the coronavirus strain …