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Tumor-infiltrating plasma cell targets as a source for immunotherapies.

Tumor-infiltrating plasma cells are key responders to immunotherapy. In this issue of Cancer Cell, Meyerhoff et al. show that plasma cells from lung lesions of anti-PD-1-treated patients target citrullinated proteins. Engineering CAR T cells with these plasma cells scFv reveals anti-tumor specificity without adverse effects, identifying therapeutic opportunities.

Recent advances in the pathophysiology and treatment of plasma cell dyscrasias.

Multiple myeloma is an incurable plasma cell malignancy. Its prognosis improved with the introduction of proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, and monoclonal antibodies, but outcomes for triple-class-exposed (TCE) myeloma remained poor. New therapeutic options including CAR-T cell therapy and bispecific antibodies have now further improved prognosis, even in TCE myeloma. While true cure remains challenging, functional cure, defined as long-term disease control through a favorable immune environment suppressing minimal residual disease (MRD), is currently considered a realistic therape

Imaging in Plasma-Cell Neoplasms: Italian Experts' Recommendations.

OBJECTIVES: Using suboptimal imaging modalities on the detection of bone and extra-bone myeloma lesions affects disease status recognition and early treatment decisions. Moreover, a systematic search of the evidence was not provided alongside the recommendations. The objective of this study was to assess the current real world imaging practices in Italy, influencing factors, and barriers to adopting international imaging guidelines for MGUS and MM (reported as plasma cell disorders, PCD) and to develop evidence-based, country-specific recommendations for imaging assessment of PCD patients. ME

An Unusual Pattern of Hepatic Involvement in Plasma Cell Leukemia.

Plasma cell leukemia (PCL) is a rare and aggressive plasma cell neoplasm associated with dismal outcomes. Organ involvement in PCL, including the spleen and the liver, is rare and commonly manifests as diffuse infiltration of neoplastic plasma cells. We report a patient with PCL, status post combination chemotherapy, identified to have hepatic lesions on positron emission tomography as part of a pre-bone marrow transplant workup. Biopsy of the hepatic mass revealed sheets of atypical plasma cells within the hepatic parenchyma. Immunohistochemical staining showed strong expression of CD138 and …

Alterations of Plasma Metabolites Associated with Sickle Cell Trait.

KEY POINTS: We identified 69 plasma metabolites associated with sickle cell trait, including markers of eGFR and/or related to oxidative stress pathways. Twenty-five percent or 39% of the sickle cell trait-associated metabolites were replicated in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Sickle cell trait-associated metabolites individually or in aggregate were associated with better prediction of incident kidney failure in those with sickle cell trait. BACKGROUND: Sickle cell trait (SCT) is the heterozygous carrier state for sickle cell disease (SCD) and is common among individuals of

Plasma Cell Gingivitis With Cheilitis in an Adolescent: A Case Report.

Plasma cell gingivitis (PCG) is an uncommon plasma-cell-rich inflammatory disorder of the gingiva that may clinically resemble plaque-associ … omatous hyperplasia and a plasma-cell-rich inflammatory infiltrate composed of cytologically mature plasma cells without cytological atypia. Immunohistochemistry for kappa and lambda light-chain expression was not performed. The patient had an inadequate response to non-surgical periodontal therapy and topical corticosteroids and was subsequently managed with …

Mechanisms of EMT in the immune microenvironment of plasma cell mastitis.

Plasma cell mastitis (PCM), a prevalent and refractory form of non-lactating mastitis, is characterized by the pathological triad of ductal ectasia (DE), plasma cell-dominated inflammatory infiltration, and progressive fibrosis. Despite its clinical burden, current surgical interventions yield suboptimal outcomes with recurrence rates up to 43%, underscoring an urgent need for mechanistic insights. This review synthesizes evidence establishing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) as a central driver of PCM pathogenesis, intricately regulated by the disease-specific immune microenvironment.

[The Mechanism of Iron in Lymphocyte and Plasma Cell Diseases--Review].

As an important trace element, iron is involved in a variety of physiological processes. In recent years, studies have found that the occurrence and development of tumors are closely related to abnormal iron metabolism, and the mode of action is obviously heterogeneous. Tumor cells need more iron to promote their survival and proliferation, but iron overload can also have adverse effects on tumor cells, such as ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is a special regulatory mechanism of cell death, which is different from other regulated cell death pathways. It mainly induces cell death through excessive acc

2025 Update of Cellular Immunotherapy for Plasma Cell Disorders.

Despite progression-free survival in multiple myeloma (MM) patients extending to 17 years due to contemporary quadruplet induction therapies, there remains a necessity for novel products in the treatment of high-risk patients. BCMA, GPRC5D, FcRH5, SLAMF7, and TACI are the principal chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell target molecules, with dual-target treatments under development to enhance treatment efficacy. Ide-cel and cilta-cel are CAR-T cells directed against BCMA, having received approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for relapsed/refractory MM based on the phase 2 KarM

Plasma cell gingivitis: A systematic review and guideline to diagnosis.

OBJECTIVE: Plasma cell gingivitis is a rare non-dental plaque-induced gingival disease often associated with hypersensitivity reactions. Due to its rarity many questions present around its presentation, etiology, and treatment. Moreover, its histopathology has many similarities with other periodontal condition such as periodontitis. The present systematic review aimed to assess the cases of plasma cell gingivitis focusing on its clinical features, possible etiologic factors, and treatment modalities. METHODS: The search was done in The MEDLINE database, Scopus, and Web of Science from January

RAS/RAF landscape in monoclonal plasma cell conditions.

Multiple myeloma is characterized by a huge heterogeneity at the molecular level. The RAS/RAF pathway is the most frequently mutated, in ∼50% of the patients. However, these mutations are frequently subclonal, suggesting a secondary event. Because these genes are part of our routine next-generation sequencing panel, we analyzed >10 000 patients with different plasma cell disorders to describe the RAS/RAF landscape. In this large cohort of patients, almost 61% of the patients presented a RAS/RAF mutation at diagnosis or relapse, but much lower frequencies occurred in presymptomatic cases. Of no

Current Status on Management of Primary Plasma Cell Leukemia.

PURPOSEOF REVIEW: Plasma Cell Leukemia (PCL) is a very rare and highly aggressive form of plasma cell dyscrasia. This review seeks to evaluate the outcomes of PCL in the context of combination novel agent therapy and stem cell transplant (SCT) protocols. RECENT FINDINGS: The diagnostic criteria for PCL have now evolved to include patients with 5% circulating PC. While management remains challenging, the incorporation of novel agent-based induction regimen has significantly improved early mortality and reduced attrition of patients proceeding to SCT. In recent prospective clinical trials, pati

Exploring the role of viral hepatitis in plasma cell disorders.

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… Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cell disorder characterized by the proliferation of abnormal plasma cells in the bone marrow. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) are precursors to MM. … The authors highlight that if the target of a patient’s monoclonal protein can be identified and eliminated, chronic antigen exposure disappears, leading to control of the clonal plasma cells. …

Secondary plasma cell leukaemia (PCL) with plasmablastic morphology.

A 71-year-old female with relapsed IgA lambda myeloma developed progressive cytopenia. The peripheral blood film showed 5% blastoid cells. Flow cytometry analysis was indicative of plasma cells. The bone marrow smear was packed with plasmablasts. Target CD138-cell FISH and molecular karyotyping identified a complex genome. NGS identified high-risk mutations. Bone marrow histology confirmed myeloma with no evidence of acute leukaemia. The patient was diagnosed with plasmablastic progression of myeloma and secondary PCL. Secondary PCL patients have a poor prognosis. It is essential to recognize …

Biomarker potential of plasma cell-free DNA for cholangiocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: To prevent the development of cholangiocarcinoma, an effective screening opisthorchiasis viverrini and/or differential diagnosis of and the cholangiocarcinoma is crucial needed. The level and quality of cfDNA in plasma are being investigated for their potential role as biomarkers in cholangiocarcinoma. METHODS: The study enrolled 43 healthy controls (N), 36 O. viverrini-infected subjects (OV), and 36 cholangiocarcinoma patients (CCA). Plasma cfDNA was quantified by fluorometry (Qubit 4), and qualified analysis, including % tumor fraction, ctDNA, ploidy number, and somatic copy num

Amyloidogenic light chains impair plasma cell survival.

Systemic light chain amyloidosis (AL) is a clonal plasma cell disorder characterized by the deposition of misfolded immunoglobulin light cha … tive stress, and decreased activity of the Myc and cholesterol pathways. The neoplastic behavior of plasma cells is altered by the constitutive expression of amyloidogenic LC causing intracellular toxicity. This observation may explain the disparity in the malignant behavior of the amyloid clone compared to the myeloma clone. These findings should enable futur …

Integrative medicine in multiple myeloma and plasma cell disorders.

INTRODUCTION: Integrative Medicine (IM) use and efficacy is poorly defined in those with plasma cell disorders (PCD). A 69-question survey on the subject was hosted on HealthTree.org for 3 months. METHOD: The survey included questions about complementary practice use, PHQ-2 score, quality of life, and more. Mean outcome values were compared between IM users and non-users. Proportions of supplement users and IM patients were compared between patients currently on myeloma specific treatment and patients not currently on treatment. RESULTS: The top 10 IM modalities reported among 178 participan

Myocardial plasma cell tumor with intratumoral amyloidosis in a dog.

A 12-year-old mixed breed dog was evaluated for marked hypercalcemia that was identified during assessment for acute polydipsia and polyuria. Physical examination identified a new grade II/VI left apical systolic murmur. A mass involving the left ventricular posterior wall and left atrium was identified by echocardiography, suggesting neoplastic invasion into the myocardium. The patient was euthanized, and post-mortem cardiac evaluation identified an intramyocardial amyloid-producing plasma cell tumor. Multiple myeloma was suspected but could not be confirmed due to the limited post-mortem eva