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Serotonin reuptake inhibitors and breastfeeding: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: The postnatal period represents a critical phase for mothers because of physiological hormonal changes, the increase of emotional reactions and a greater susceptibility for the onset/recrudescence of psychiatric disorders. Despite the evidence of an increasing utilization of antidepressant drugs during breastfeeding, there is still few reliable information on the neonatal safety of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and selective noradrenergic reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) [serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs)] in nursing mothers. The aim of this study is to provide a…

Serotonin syndrome: a concise review of a toxic state.

The serotonin syndrome is a toxic state caused by increased intrasynaptic serotonin and characterized by a triad of altered mental status, autonomic instability and neuromuscular abnormalities. It can result from exposure to a single serotonergic agent but is more likely to be due to polypharmacy, often with drugs from multiple classes. It develops over a short period of time and resolves just as quickly once identified and treated. Diagnostic criteria have been developed to assist in clinical practice. Treatment is largely supportive and prognosis is generally very favorable. Pharmacologic vi…

[Role of Serotonin Transporter Gene in Eating Disorders].

BACKGROUND: The serotoninergic system has been implicated in mood and appetite regulation, and the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) is a commonly studied candidate gene for eating disorders. However, most studies have focused on a single polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) in SLC6A4. OBJECTIVE: We present the studies published on the association between eating disorders (ED) and 5-HTTLPR polymorphism in anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and eating disorders not otherwise specified (EDNOS). METHOD: Search of databases: MEDLINE, ISI, and PubMed for SLC6A4 and ED. CONCLUSIONS: From a review …

Dissociable effects of dopamine and serotonin on reversal learning.

Serotonin and dopamine are speculated to subserve motivationally opponent functions, but this hypothesis has not been directly tested. We studied the role of these neurotransmitters in probabilistic reversal learning in nearly 700 individuals as a function of two polymorphisms in the genes encoding the serotonin and dopamine transporters (SERT: 5HTTLPR plus rs25531; DAT1 3'UTR VNTR). A double dissociation was observed. The SERT polymorphism altered behavioral adaptation after losses, with increased lose-shift associated with L' homozygosity, while leaving unaffected perseveration after reversa…

Central ventilatory and cardiovascular actions of serotonin in trout.

This study was undertaken to investigate the central actions of 5-HT on ventilatory and cardiovascular variables in the unanesthetized trout. Compared to vehicle, intracerebroventricular injection (ICV) of 5-HT elevated the total ventilation. This elevation was due to its stimulatory action on ventilatory amplitude. Moreover, 5-HT produced a dose-dependent increase in mean dorsal aortic blood pressure (PDA) without change in heart rate (fH). Methysergide, a 5-HT1/5-HT2 receptor antagonist, reduced the hyperventilatory and hypertensive actions of 5-HT. 8-OH-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin, a 5-HT

Recognizing serotonin toxicity in the pediatric emergency department.

The use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors in treating depression, mood disorders, and behavioral disorders has escalated dramatically in the last 20 years, resulting in increased risk and clinical presentation of serotonin toxicity. Health care providers must also be aware of other medications and substances with proserotonergic activity that can cause serotonin toxicity when used in combination with these medications. There are many adverse effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibit…

The serotonin-6 receptor as a novel therapeutic target.

Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is an important neurotransmitter that is found in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. 5-HT mediates its diverse physiological responses through 7 different 5-HT receptor families: 5-HT(1), 5-HT(2), 5-HT(3), 5-HT(4), 5-HT(5), 5-HT(6), and 5-HT(7) receptors. Among them, the 5-HT(6) receptor (5-HT(6)R) is the most recently cloned serotonin receptor and plays important roles in the central nervous system (CNS) and in the etiology of neurological diseases. Compared to other 5-HT receptors, the 5-HT(6)R has been considered as an attractive CNS thera…

Central serotonin neurons are required for arousal to CO2.

There is a long-standing controversy about the role of serotonin in sleep/wake control, with competing theories that it either promotes sleep or causes arousal. Here, we show that there is a marked increase in wakefulness when all serotonin neurons are genetically deleted in mice hemizygous for ePet1-Cre and homozygous for floxed Lmx1b (Lmx1b(f/f/p)). However, this only occurs at cool ambient temperatures and can be explained by a thermoregulatory defect that leads to an increase in motor activity to generate heat. Because some serotonin neurons are stimulated by CO(2), and serotonin activates…

Lrp5 and bone formation : A serotonin-dependent pathway.

Lrp5, the mutated gene in osteoporosis pseudoglioma (OPPG) and the high bone-mass syndrome (HBM), regulates bone formation, while beta-catenin, the molecular node of Wnt signaling, regulates bone resorption, suggesting that Lrp5 could act in a Wnt-independent manner. Using microarray and conditional gene deletion in mice, we showed that Lrp5 actually enhances bone formation by inhibiting the expression, in duodenum, of tryptophan hydroxylase 1, the rate-limiting enzyme in the serotonin biosynthetic pathway. Accordingly, serotonin circulating levels are high in Lrp5(-/-) mice and OPPG patients …

Brain serotonin, psychoactive drugs, and effects on reproduction.

Serotonin, a biogenic amine, is present in significant amounts in many structures of the CNS. It is involved in regulation of a wide variety of physiological functions, such as sensory and motor functions, memory, mood, and secretion of hormones including reproductive hormones. It has also been implicated in the etiology of a range of psychiatric disorders such as anxiety, depression, and eating disorders, along with other conditions such as obesity and migraine. While some drugs that affect serotonin, such as fenfluramine and fluoxetine, have been successfully used in treatment of a range of …

A case of serotonin syndrome associated with methadone overdose.

A chronic pain patient prescribed 20 mg of methadone per day was seen at the Emergency Department within one hour following a witnessed intentional 200 mg ingestion. In addition, he was taking the serotonin re-uptake inhibitor antidepressant drugs, sertraline and venlafaxine as prescribed. Methadone is also a serotonin re-uptake inhibitor which has been involved in serotonin toxicity reactions. Initially, no symptoms of narcotic overdose (depressed central nervous system, respiration, or blood pressure) could be distinguished, and the standard narcotic urine screen was negative. No decontamina…

Serotonin syndrome: a complex but easily avoidable condition.

Serotonin syndrome is a potentially life-threatening adverse drug reaction caused by excessive serotonergic agonism in central and peripheral nervous system serotonergic receptors (Boyer EW, Shannon M. The serotonin syndrome. N Engl J Med 2005;352:1112-1120). Symptoms are characterized by a triad of neuron-excitatory features, which include (a) neuromuscular hyperactivity -- tremor, clonus, myoclonus, hyperreflexia and, in advanced stages, pyramidal rigidity; (b) autonomic hyperactivity -- diaphoresis, fever, tachycardia and tachypnea; (c) altered mental status -- agitation, excitement and, in…

Inversion of the response to serotonin in rats with traumatic shock.

Normally serotonin reduced blood pressure. It was shown that in rats with traumatic shock its hypotensive effect was transformed into hypertensive one. In vitro serotonin exhibited a slight vasoconstrictor effect on isolated rat aorta, while 24 h after injury, the strength of aortic contractions in response to serotonin increased 2.2 times. Desensitization of glucocorticoid receptors caused by injection of high doses of dexamethasone (3 mg/kg) to rats for 5 days led to similar changes in serotonin effect. We hypothesized that inversion of the response to serotonin in shock was caused by increa…

Агагнозирование вирусного гепатита по серотонину, полученному из тромбоцитов.

Более 500 миллионов человек во всем мире постоянно инфицированы вирусом гепатита В или вирусом гепатита С. Хотя оба вируса плохо цитопатичны, стойкость любого из этих вирусов сопряжена с риском хронического воспаления печени, что может привести к стивозу печени, циррозу печени, отключения конечной стадии печени или гепатоцеллюлярной карциноме. Вирусные Т клетки являются одним из основных факторов, определяющих исход гепатита, поскольку они способствуют раннему контролю за хроническими гепатитовыми вирусами, но они также являются посредником иммунопатологии во время хронической вирусной инфекци

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
More than 500 million people worldwide are persistently infected with hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus. Although both viruses are poor … thology during persistent virus infection. We have analyzed the role of platelet-derived vasoactive serotonin during virus-induced CD8(+) T cell-dependent immunopathological hepatitis in mice infected with the noncytopathic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. After virus infection, platelets were recruited to the liver, and their activation correlated with …

Serotonin, inflammation, and IBS: fitting the jigsaw together?

Unexplained diarrhoea is a frequent indication for gastroenterologic referral, and after full investigation the most common final diagnosis … IBS and IBS with diarrhoea without an infectious onset both show increased postprandial release of serotonin, whilst constipated patients show a depressed release. Several studies suggest impairment of the serotonin transporter in IBS, which in animal studies has been shown to occur following a range of inflammatory insults. Clinical conditions with an inf …

Characterization and expression of serotonin transporter genes in zebrafish.

To understand the development of serotonergic neurons in vertebrates, we used zebrafish as a model system. In this study we cloned two cDNAs (complementary DNAs) coding for serotonin transporter (SERT) from the zebrafish, named serta and sertb. The serta cDNA encodes a protein of 693 amino acids and showed high level of sequence identity with rat and human SERTs. In situ hybridization showed serta to be expressed in raphe nuclei, ventral posterior tuberculum and pineal organ. The expression of serta in raphe and ventral posterior tuberculum overlapped with the location of serotonin and express…

Serotonin function in panic disorder: important, but why?

The essential role of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)) system in the neurobiology and pharmacotherapy of panic disorder (PD) continues to be a topic of intensive interdisciplinary research. Interest in the involvement of 5-HT in PD has been fuelled by clinical studies demonstrating that medications increasing the synaptic availability of 5-HT, such as selective 5-HT re-uptake inhibitors, are effective in the treatment of PD. Rival theories of 5-HT deficiency vs excess have attempted to explain the impact of 5-HT function in PD. In the past decade, knowledge of the role of 5-HT in the neu…