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Choroid plexus enlargement in secondary progressive MS: phenotype comparison.

BACKGROUND: The choroid plexus (CP) is increasingly recognised as a contributor to chronic inflammation in multiple sclerosis (MS). While CP enlargement is reported in early MS, its role in secondary progressive MS (SPMS) is poorly understood. We aimed to quantify CP volume in SPMS and compare it to relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), and to assess associations with disease severity and progression. METHODS: CP volumes were manually segmented and normalised to intracranial volume in 121 MS patients (32 CIS, 49 RRMS, 39 SPMS). Age correction was applied using …

Объем хориоидного плефуса при нарушениях мозга: систематический обзор.

БАКGROUND: Чороидный плефус — это сильно сосудистая структура, расположенная в боковом, третьем и четвертом желудочках мозга. Недавние исследования показывают, что изменения объема чороидного плефуса связаны с прогрессированием различных заболеваний мозга. Алгоритмы сегментации значительно улучшили нашу способность изучать объем чороидного плефуса в связи с различными патологиями. Таким образом, конкретная цель данного обзора заключалась в описании насколько оценка объема чороидного плефуса предоставляет клинически значимую информацию в заболеваниях мозга. МЕТОДЫ: Была проведена обширная поис

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: The choroid plexus is a highly vascularized structure located in the lateral, third, and fourth ventricles of the brain. Recent studies suggest that volumetric changes in choroid plexus volume are associated with progression in various brain diseases. Segmentation algorithms have significantly improved our ability to study choroid plexus volumetr…

Choroid plexus and its relations with age-related diseases.

The choroid plexus is composed of epithelial cells situated on the basal layer. The tight junctions between adjacent choroid plexus epithelial cells establish the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. This barrier, in conjunction with the blood-brain barrier, is crucial for the homeostasis of the brain microenvironment. The choroid plexus epithelium secretes cerebrospinal fluid, growth factors, neuropeptides, and lipids into the ventricles and also serves as a gateway for immune cells to enter the brain. The pathophysiology of aging and neurodegenerative diseases remains largely enigmatic, with a…

Enlargement of the choroid plexus in pediatric multiple sclerosis.

Some studies have suggested an inflammatory role of the choroid plexus (CP) in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS), but mainly in adult patients. We aimed to evaluate clinical and MRI parameters in patients with pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS). We included 10 patients with POMS and 16 healthy controls (HC), evaluating clinical and neuroimaging variables (cerebral cortex, CP, deep gray matter structures, and demyelinating lesions). Most patients were girls (80%), with a mean age of 15.3 years. POMS individuals had a higher CP volume (p = 0.012) and lower thalamic volume (p …

Morphometry of choroid plexus epithelial cells in neurodegenerative diseases.

The choroid plexus not only secretes the majority of cerebrospinal fluid but also controls the circadian rhythm, which can be impaired in the presence of neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, many studies have reported the contribution of choroid plexus abnormalities to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks were obtained from the lateral ventricles of the brains of four subjects with AD, four with vascular dementia, four with Parkinson's disease, three with multiple system atrophy, and five control patient…

Choroid vascular index in myopic patients - A mini review.

Myopia has become a globally prevalent ocular disease. The choroid plays a vital role in myopia, and its changes tend to occur earlier than those of the retina and long-term variations in eye growth. Abnormal axial growth is an intrinsic characteristic of myopia, accompanied by ocular biomechanical changes that result in chorioretinal atrophy, thinning, and other complications particularly in the choroidal vasculature. Recent advancements in imaging technologies have provided deeper insights into these changes. This article explores key findings related to the choroid vascular index in myopia …

The choroid plexus synergizes with immune cells during neuroinflammation.

The choroid plexus (ChP) is a vital brain barrier and source of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Here, we use longitudinal two-photon imaging in awake mice and single-cell transcriptomics to elucidate the mechanisms of ChP regulation of brain inflammation. We used intracerebroventricular injections of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to model meningitis in mice and observed that neutrophils and monocytes accumulated in the ChP stroma and surged across the epithelial barrier into the CSF. Bi-directional recruitment of monocytes from the periphery and, unexpectedly, macrophages from the CSF to the ChP helped…

Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease: Involvement of the choroid plexus.

The choroid plexus (ChP) produces and is bathed in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which in aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD) shows extensive proteomic alterations including evidence of inflammation. Considering inflammation hampers functions of the involved tissues, the CSF abnormalities reported in these conditions are suggestive of ChP injury. Indeed, several studies document ChP damage in aging and AD, which nevertheless remains to be systematically characterized. We here report that the changes elicited in the CSF by AD are consistent with a perturbed aging process and accompanied by aber…

Third ventricular choroid plexus papilloma: a pure neuroendoscopic approach.

Pure endoscopic technique in resection of intraventricular tumors is an emerging technology. This case demonstrates resection of a multicentric choroid plexus papilloma in a 2-month-old child. This child had two district tumors: one located in the left atrium and another in the third ventricle. Initial microsurgery was performed to resect the left atrial tumor. With the tumor noted to be not very vascular at initial surgery, the third ventricle tumor was resected with a GAAB neuroendoscope and NICO Myriad. A gross-total resection was achieved. At 3 years' follow-up, the child remains tumor fre…

Choroid, a unique site for metastasis in Marjolin's ulcer.

Marjolin is an aggressive malignancy, which shows initial local aggression, followed by the rapid regional and distant dissemination during the latter part of its growth. Metastasis to the uveal tract, although infrequent, is usually secondary to the malignancies of the breast and lung. Marjolin's ulcer metastasizing to choroid is quite rare and unheard of. We intend to report one such case here. Here, we present a case report of a 55-year-old male, who developed Marjolin's ulcer over a previously injured left lower limb. He developed recurrence and re-recurrences requiring multiple surgeries,…

WNT5a Regulates Epithelial Morphogenesis in the Developing Choroid Plexus.

The choroid plexus (CP) is the predominant supplier of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and the site of the blood-CSF barrier and is thus essential for brain development and central nervous system homeostasis. Despite these crucial roles, our understanding of the molecular and cellular processes giving rise to the CPs within the ventricles of the mammalian brain is very rudimentary. Here, we identify WNT5a as an important regulator of CP development, where it acts as a pivotal factor driving CP epithelial morphogenesis in all ventricles. We show that WNT5a is essential for the establishment of a co…

Evaluation of the Choroid in Women with Uncomplicated Pregnancy.

PURPOSE: To study the choroid in uncomplicated pregnant women using advanced optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging and analysis. METHODS: Women with uncomplicated pregnancy in the third trimester (>28 weeks gestational age) and age-matched nonpregnant women were enrolled in this prospective study. All subjects underwent spectral-domain OCT with enhanced depth imaging mode and spectral-domain optical coherent tomography angiography (OCTA). Main outcomes were subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), choroidal vascularity index (CVI), and choriocapillaris flow deficits (CC FD). RESULTS: Twent…

Bilateral Xanthogranuloma of the Choroid Plexus in an Infant.

Xanthogranuloma of the choroid plexus is a rare, usually incidentally detected and commonly bilateral intraventricular lesion found in the pediatric population. Its characteristic imaging features are described.

Perinatal (fetal and neonatal) choroid plexus tumors: a review.

INTRODUCTION: The object of this review is to describe the choroid plexus tumors (CPTs) occurring in the fetus and neonate with regard to clinical presentation, location, pathology, treatment, and outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Case histories and clinical outcomes were reviewed from 93 cases of fetal and neonatal tumors obtained from the literature and our own institutional experience from 1980 to 2016. RESULTS: Choroid plexus papilloma (CPP) is the most common tumor followed by choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC) and atypical choroid plexus papilloma (ACPP). Hydrocephalus and macrocephaly are t…

Is Thicker Choroid a Risk Factor for Malignant Glaucoma?

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the choroidal thickness (CT) and its determinants in primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) eyes with and without malignant glaucoma (MG). METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 25 patients with bilateral primary angle closure (PAC) diseases; 1 eye of each patient was diagnosed with PACG initially and later with MG after trabeculectomy, and the fellow eyes were diagnosed with PACG, PAC, or PAC suspect. Thirty-seven eyes from 37 PACG patients were recruited as controls. CT was measured at different locations (sub-fovea, 1 and 3 mm from…

The cellular bases of choroid fissure formation and closure.

Defects in choroid fissure (CF) formation and closure lead to coloboma, a major cause of childhood blindness. Despite genetic advances, the cellular defects underlying coloboma remain poorly elucidated due to our limited understanding of normal CF morphogenesis. We address this deficit by conducting high-resolution spatio-temporal analyses of CF formation and closure in the chick, mouse and fish. We show that a small ventral midline invagination initiates CF formation in the medial-proximal optic cup, subsequently extending it dorsally toward the lens, and proximally into the optic stalk. Unli…

Choroid plexus tuberculoma. Diagnosis, management and role of endoscopy.

Ventricular involvement in central nervous system tuberculosis can be in the form of tuberculous ependymitis, intraventricular tuberculoma, intraventricular tuberculous abscess, choroid plexitis and choroid plexus tuberculoma. Only a few cases of choroid plexus tuberculomas have been described and even more rare is the description of the role of endoscopy in management of intraventricular tuberculomas. We report a 33-year-old patient while on treatment for tubercular meningitis who developed a left side choroid plexus lesion with loculated temporal horn. To confirm the diagnosis, endoscopic bi…