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The flavonoid monoHER prevents monocrotaline-induced hepatic sinusoidal injury in rats.

BACKGROUND: Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) occurs in 50-70% of patients after oxaliplatin treatment for hepatic colorectal metastasis. SOS is associated with portal hypertension and is caused by oxidative damage to endothelial cells and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) induction. We studied the effect of a flavonoid (monoHER) on SOS prevention. METHODS: A monocrotaline (MTC) SOS model was used in rats, with pre-treatment of monoHER. We studied hepatocellular damage and MMP expression. The potential inhibition of oxaliplatin cytotoxicity by monoHER was tested in vitro in colorectal cancer

Hepatoprotective activity of liposomal flavonoid against arsenite-induced liver fibrosis.

Arsenic, the environmental metalloid toxicant, is known to induce oxidative damage to liver and produce hepatic fibrosis. The theme of our study was to optimize and evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of galactosylated liposomal flavonoidal antioxidant, quercetin (QC), in combating arsenic-induced hepatic fibrogenesis. The rats of the hepatic damage group were injected s.c. a single dose of sodium arsenite (NaAsO(2)) (100.06 microM/kg b. wt. in 0.5 ml of physiological saline). Hepatocytes and stellate cells were separated. Mitochondrial membranes were isolated from all those separated cells. Oxi

Flavonoid-induced acute nephropathy by Cupressus funebris Endl (Mourning Cypress).

Worldwide use of herbal therapy has increased dramatically in recent years. Most herbal therapies were not regulated as medicines, and their adverse effects often were underreported. We report a patient who developed acute renal failure, acute hepatic failure, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and thrombocytopenia after oral intake of hot-water extract of Cupressus funebris Endl (Mourning Cypress), which is rich in flavonoids. Her renal biopsy showed acute tubular necrosis, interstitial nephritis, and hemoglobin casts. The clinical course and pathological findings were consistent with flavonoid-ind…

[Alpha-glucosylrutin, a highly effective flavonoid for protection against oxidative stress].

The flavonoid alpha-glucosylrutin (AGR) is a potent antioxidant with a high epidermal bioavailability. This makes this substance particularly suitable for various dermato-cosmetic applications. Flavonoids are phytamines with a common chemical structure and a broad range of activities, the most prominent being their radical scavenging ability. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage cells by different mechanisms. Direct cytotoxic effects include destruction of the cell membrane by causing radical chain reactions or induction of mutagenic changes in the nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. Indirect chang…

[Effect of CrCl3 on the in vitro production of flavonoids in a culture of Ononis arvensis L].

The paper investigated the effect of the abiotic elicitor chromium trichloride on the production of flavonoids in the callus and suspension cultures of Ononis arvensis L. after 12; 24; 48; 72, and 168-hour administration. The tested elicitor positively influenced the formation of flavonoids. A statistically significant increase in the flavonoid production in the callus culture was recorded with the use of a chromium trichloride solution in the concentration c1 (6.32 x 10(-4) mol/l) after 24; 48; 72, and 168 hours, in the concentration c2 (6.32 x 10(-6) mol/l) after 24; 48, and 72 hours, and in…

Antiallergic effect of flavonoid glycosides obtained from Mentha piperita L.

Six flavonoid glycosides, eriocitrin (1), narirutin (2), hesperidin (3), luteolin-7-O-rutinoside (4), isorhoifolin (5), diosmin (6), rosmarinic acid (7) and 5,7-dihydroxycromone-7-O-rutinoside (8), were isolated from the aerial part of Mentha piperita L. Among these compounds, compound 4 showed a potent inhibitory effect on histamine release induced by compound 48/80 and antigen-antibody reaction. This compound was more effective than luteolin and luteolin-7-O-glucoside in inhibiting histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells. Compound 4 also caused a dose-related inhibition of the antig

Anti-inflammatory actions of a micronized, purified flavonoid fraction in ischemia/reperfusion.

It is now recognized that reperfusion after a prolonged period of reduced or absent blood flow, although necessary to salvage ischemic tissu … erventions that prevent post-ischemic leukocyte adhesion and emigration. Recent work indicates that flavonoids are particularly effective anti-inflammatory agents in the setting of I/R. While the mechanisms underlying the powerful protective effects of these compounds is uncertain, a growing body of evidence indicates that flavonoids are potent anti-oxidants …

Protective effects of the flavonoid mixture, silymarin, on fetal rat brain and liver.

We investigated the possibility that the flavonoid mixture, silymarin (SY), administered as the compound Silymarin Phytosome (PHYTO), could protect the fetus from maternally ingested EtOH. Seventy-six female rats were randomly assigned to one of seven groups: pair-fed control; chow fed control; EtOH; and four groups receiving EtOH and PHYTO in varying dosages. All groups except the chow-fed control were maintained on a liquid diet. On day 1 of pregnancy the dams began the treatment protocol. On day 21 of pregnancy the rats were sacrificed and the fetuses removed. Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase

Mechanism of the Non-Host Flavonoid Nobiletin in Inhibiting the Phytopathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a devastating phytopathogenic fungus with a broad host range, which is partly attributed to its ability to detoxify a wide array of host-derived secondary metabolites. Among these, flavonoids are one of the most widespread classes of plant secondary metabolites and are ubiquitously present in both host and non-host plants of S. sclerotiorum. Understanding the mechanisms by which non-host flavonoids inhibit this pathogen is therefore crucial, not only for elucidating the biochemical basis of non-host resistance but also for discovering novel plant-derived fungicides.…

AabHLH140 simultaneously enhances artemisinin and polymethoxylated flavonoid accumulation in Artemisia annua.

Plants provide a wide array of specialized metabolites, which serve as important sources for pharmaceuticals, food additives, and cosmetic ingredients. The biosynthesis of these metabolites is orchestrated by transcription factors. Parallel regulation of multiple metabolites can enhance metabolite content and reduce production costs from a metabolic engineering perspective. However, such coordinated regulation remains rarely reported. In this study, we characterized a bHLH transcription factor, AabHLH140, from Artemisia annua. Artemisinin and polymethoxylated flavonoid content were strongly pr

Plastic film mulching enhances flavonoid accumulation in the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis.

BACKGROUND: Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi is a medicinal herb of considerable importance, valued for its roots that are enriched with flavonoids underlying its pharmacological properties. A principal challenge in its commercial cultivation is the simultaneous enhancement of root biomass and the concentration of these active constituents. Although plastic film mulching is a well-established agronomic practice, its application to S. baicalensis and the corresponding molecular regulatory mechanisms remain insufficiently characterized. METHODS: This study systematically evaluated the effects of …

A Mechanism-based Perspective on the Use of Flavonoids in the Treatment of Diabetes and its Complications.

Diabetes is a chronic, irreversible, non-infectious metabolic syndrome associated with low insulin production by the pancreas or due to insulin resistance. The management landscape for diabetes is swiftly evolving due to ongoing advancements. Conventional treatment approaches have struggled to fully address the root causes of the disease while also carrying significant risks of adverse effects. Flavonoids are an extensive class of phytonutrients present in grains, vegetables, fruits, cocoa, tea, wine, and nuts. Many studies have reported that flavonoids have shown diversified pharmacological a…

Flavonoid constituents, antidiabetic and hepatoprotective activity of the aerial parts of Lupinus digitatus.

This study aims to investigate the flavonoid constituents of the aerial parts of Lupinus digitatus Forssk. The profile of flavonoid metabolites present in the Egyptian wild Lupinus digitatus was established using LC-ESI-TOF-MS systems. Thirty-nine metabolites were tentatively identified and categorised into various flavonoid subclasses. The α-amylase inhibition percentages of the hexane and ethanol extracts of L. digitatus were evaluated at various concentrations. Hexane and ethanol extracts exhibited weak α-amylase inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 126.88 and 926.01 µg/mL, respectively c

Research progress on flavonoid-mediated communication between plants and rhizosphere microorganisms.

Flavonoids are important components of plant root exudates and key chemical signals mediating cross-kingdom interactions between plants and rhizosphere microorganisms. Based on the theory of chemical communication in the plant rhizosphere, this article systematically reviews the biosynthesis and secretion characteristics of flavonoids, as well as their major regulatory roles in plant-microbe interactions, including symbiotic signal induction in legume-rhizobium associations, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization, recruitment of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, inhibition of pathogeni…

Unveiling the Potential of Flavonoids in the Regulation of Parkinson's Disease: Special Focus on Quercetin.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is an idiopathic and age-related neurodegenerative disorder, marked by the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the SNpc and the formation of α-synuclein aggregates. Consequently, this leads to motor and non-motor complications in PD-like patients. Research on plant-based secondary metabolites, such as polyphenols, confirmed that they may slow the development and progression of PD. Flavonoids generated the peak of interest due to their medicinal properties, including mitigation of the risk of PD. Quercetin, a subclass of flavonol type of flavonoids, attracted atte…

Kaempferol: A Dietary Flavonoid with Potential Protective Effects Against Kidney Diseases.

Globally, kidney diseases represent a significant public health challenge, with high mortality rates and a considerable threat to human health. Despite the widespread use of pharmacological treatments, renal dialysis, and renal transplantation in the treatment of kidney diseases, these approaches often fail to address patients' therapeutic needs fully. As a result, the development of novel preventive tactics and specialized treatment approaches is crucial. Kaempferol, a flavonoid compound with various biological activities, has gained attention for its potential in treating neurological, cardi

Recent advancement in the anticancer efficacy of the natural flavonoid scutellarin: a comprehensive review.

Scutellarin (SC), a natural flavonoid, has been expansively employed in treating innumerable inflammation-related diseases due to its antitumor, antiinflammatory, anticancer, and antioxidant potential. Scutellarin can inhibit significant inflammatory cell signaling pathways, comprisingPI3K/Akt, NF-κB, and MAPK, and while activating antioxidant-related pathways such as Nrf2 and ARE. Numerous reviews have outlined scutellarin's pharmacological effects and associated mechanisms in inflammation-related diseases. Several studies have elucidated the mechanisms of anticancer activity by inhibiting va

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… Increasing evidence indicates that many flavonoids possess anticancer activities, while the molecular mechanisms remain inadequately elucidated. … The genus Scutellaria is rich source of plant derived components, including flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, and phenols ( Nourizadeh, 2022 ). …

Metabolism of the Total Flavonoid Extract of Lithocarpus litseifolius (Hance) Chun in Rats.

The total flavonoid extract of Lithocarpus litseifolius (Hance) Chun (TFLLC), a medicinal and edible plant of the Fagaceae family, has been developed as a preclinical drug candidate in China due to its hypoglycemic effect. The metabolism of TFLLC is closely associated with both its pharmacological activity and potential toxicity. This study investigated the in vitro and in vivo metabolism of TFLLC, which mainly comprises phlorizin and trilobatin. Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with UV spectrometry and high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-UV-HRMS) was used to detect and

Regulatory Role of Flavonoid Baicalin from Scutellaria baicalensis on AMPK: A Review.

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a ubiquitous sensor of cellular energy and nutrient status in eukaryotic cells. It serves an essential function in the modulation of energy balance and metabolism homeostasis through its regulation of carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism and protein metabolism. The dysregulation of AMPK is closely related to a series of systemic diseases, affecting multiple organs and tissues. Baicalin is a natural compound derived from the dry raw root of Scutellaria baicalensis, and it has been found to exhibit several potential pharmacological actions. These inclu