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Characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract and volatile fatty acids in plateau ruminants.

High-altitude ruminants face environmental stressors such as low temperature, hypoxia, and short grazing seasons, which challenge energy acquisition and nutrient absorption. The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) plays a central role in metabolic adaptation. In this study, we collected contents from the rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum, duodenum, jejunum, cecum, and rectum of Pamir yaks. Microbial composition and metabolic functions across GIT regions were investigated through volatile fatty acid (VFA) determination and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed that the total VFA concentrations…

Potential reproductive impairment due to Solanum glaucophyllum-induced calcinosis in female ruminants.

Solanum glaucophyllum is a toxic calcinogenic plant endemic to Central Argentina and is widely recognized as the primary cause of enzootic calcinosis in ruminants. Although the systemic calcification induced by this plant is well documented, its potential impact on reproductive performance remains underexplored. The present study reports the first evidence of calcinosis affecting the female reproductive organs of ruminants. Reproductive tissues-including the uterus, ovary, and oviduct-were obtained from a non-pregnant 4-year-old Texel ewe and a 6-year-old Hereford cow that exhibited gross sign…

Contagious ecthyma in small ruminants: from etiology to vaccine challenges - a review.

Orf virus (ORFV) is an epitheliotropic, double-stranded DNA pathogen belonging to the genus Parapoxvirus, and it is the causative agent of contagious ecthyma (CE) in small ruminants. It is an endemic disease on goat and sheep herds around the world. It is often a neglected disease, with impacts on herd health and productivity, while also being an occupational zoonosis. This review explores the causative agent of ovine ecthyma, its epidemiology, and clinical manifestations, with a particular emphasis on its interaction with the host's immune system and the development of ORFV vaccines. Like oth…

Epidemiology of Brucella Infection in Small Ruminants in the United Arab Emirates.

Small ruminants are important livestock species, which function as a major source of protein, in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), although infections such as Brucella infection can hamper their productivity. However, there is currently a paucity of epidemiological data on Brucella infections in small ruminants in the UAE. This study therefore aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of Brucella infection and evaluate the associated risk factors in 272 flocks encompassing 2730 small ruminants in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. In addition, DNA of the Brucella was tested in seropositive small ruminant. Mul…

Exposure of Wild Ruminants to Toxoplasma gondii in Alpine Ecosystems, NE Spain.

Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite with a complex life cycle that involves warm-blooded animals as intermediate hosts and felids as definitive hosts. Its epidemiology in alpine ecosystems remains poorly understood. This study presents the first long-term investigation of T. gondii exposure in wild ruminants in the Pyrenees (NE Spain), where definitive hosts are scarce. Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica; n = 1045) and mouflon (Ovis aries musimon; n = 115) sera collected between 2001 and 2024 were tested (Modified Agglutination Test, ELISA-IDvet, ELISA-IDEXX) for the presence of T. go…

Systematic review of the prevalence of Gastrointestinal helminths in ruminants in Mexico.

In Mexico, the abundance of endoparasites that affect the health of ruminants and the economy of the farmer, so the objective of this review was to determine the prevalence of the main genera and species of ruminant helminths that have been identified in Mexico in the last 37 years. A systematic search was carried out following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and supported by the Elsevier platform (Scopus and ScienceDirect), Google Scholar, Redalyc and Scielo tools. In addition, information was sought in the proceedings Congress of the Buiatrics and Veterinary Parasitologists. A database was create…

Межсекциональное обследование отдельных инфекционных заболеваний в диких румынах в Сербии.

Роль дикой природы в поддержании инфекционных заболеваний в ветеринарной медицине зачастую игнорируется, хотя на процесс искоренения заболеваний у домашних животных постоянно влияет риск передачи патогенов от дикой природы в качестве основного источника. Основная цель этого документа состояла в том, чтобы оценить распространенность и распространение отдельных инфекционных заболеваний у диких румын в Сербии. В общей сложности 259 серо от диких червей были испытаны на предмет наличия конкретных антител на вирус блютонги, вирус Шмалленберга, вирус говяжьего вирусного диареи/пограничный вирус боле

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The role of wildlife in maintaining infectious diseases in veterinary medicine is often neglected, although the disease eradication process … this paper was to estimate the prevalence and distribution of selected infectious diseases in wild ruminants in Serbia. In total, 259 sera from wild ruminants were tested for specific antibodies to bluetongue virus, Schmallenberg virus, Bovine viral diarrhea/border disease virus, Capripox virus, West Nile fever virus, Bovine herpes virus-1, Coxiella burnet …

A review on acute phase response in parasitic blood diseases of ruminants.

Parasitic blood diseases (theileriosis, babesiosis, anaplasmosis, and trypanosomiasis) are common in regions where the distributions of the … d parameters (some cytokines, adenosine deaminase, and sialic acids) in parasitic blood diseases of ruminants.

Pascalia glauca poisoning in ruminants: Report of 12 outbreaks in northwestern Argentina.

Pascalia glauca, a perennial herb known for its toxicity in ruminants, is one of the most important toxic plants in northwestern Argentina. This work describes several outbreaks of natural intoxication with P. glauca from different sources affecting cattle, sheep and goats in different production systems, with morbidity varying between 1% and 100%. Clinical signs included tremors in the hindquarters, recumbency and death. The liver showed swelling, congestion and a mottled appearance. Histopathologic findings included centrilobular hepatocellular necrosis with hemorrhage.

Blastocystis sp. in Small Ruminants: A Universal Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: The present review was done to evaluate the prevalence and subtype distribution of Blastocystis infection among small ruminants, at a global perspective. METHODS: Systematic search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science until 30th January 2022 and total estimates along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed using a random-effects model. RESULTS: Ultimately, the required data were extracted from 25 papers including 19 datasets for each animal. Among 3125 sheep, the Blastocystis prevalence was 25.3% (95% CI 16.1-37.4%) (10 countries), being lowe…

Prevalence of Theileria/Babesia Species in Ruminants in Burdur Province of Turkey.

PURPOSE: Theileriosis and babesiosis, two tick-borne haemoparasitic diseases (TBHDs) of ruminants, are caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Theileria and Babesia, respectively. Among them, some species are considered to be highly pathogenic causing serious economic losses to livestock holders especially in tropic and subtropic regions. Local and/or general control measures are needed to be applied to reduce economic impact of TBHDs. Prevalence studies are essential for the implementation and/or design of effective prevention and control measures based on true epidemiological data. Theref…

Vaccines for Mycoplasma Diseases of Small Ruminants: A Neglected Area of Research.

Mycoplasmas cause some of the most economically important diseases of sheep and goats, including diseases listed by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) such as contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) and contagious agalactia (CA). Other important mycoplasma diseases include chronic respiratory and arthritic syndrome (CRAS) and atypical pneumonia, both present on all continents where small ruminants are farmed. Unfortunately, owing to a lack of investment, most commercial vaccines for these diseases are of poor quality, being mostly composed of killed bacteriocins of dubious or unk…

Brucella spp. distribution, hosting ruminants from Greece, applying various molecular identification techniques.

BACKGROUND: Brucellosis still remains an endemic disease for both livestock and human in Greece, influencing the primary sector and national economy in general. Although farm animals and particularly ruminants constitute the natural hosts of the disease, transmission to humans is not uncommon, thus representing a serious occupational disease as well. Under this prism, knowledge concerning Brucella species distribution in ruminants is considered a high priority. There are various molecular methodologies for Brucella detection with however differential discriminant capacity. Hence, the aim of th…

Seroprevalence of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Among Small Ruminants from Southern Romania.

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne disease that can be contracted by direct contact with viremic animals or humans. Domestic animals are accidental hosts and contribute to the spread and amplification of the virus. The main objective of this study was to provide updated information related to CCHF virus (CCHFV) infection in Southern Romania by assessing the seroprevalence of CCHF in small ruminants (sheep and goats) using a double-antigen sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and by detection of CCHFV in engorged ticks and serum samples using real-time RT-PCR. The over…

Artificial Reproductive Technology (ART) Applied to Female Cervids Adapted from Domestic Ruminants.

There are about 150 Cervidae species on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Only a small part is counted among farm animals, and most o … ation, which led to breeding management. Consequently, the reproductive techniques used in domestic ruminants were adapted for use in female deer which we reviewed based on our results and other available results. We focused on stress susceptibility in cervids depending on habitat and antropopression and proposed copeptin as a novel diagnostic parameter sui …

Putative Novel Atypical BTV Serotype '36' Identified in Small Ruminants in Switzerland.

We identified a putative novel atypical BTV serotype '36' in Swiss goat flocks. In the initial flock clinical signs consisting of multifocal purulent dermatitis, facial oedema and fever were observed. Following BTV detection by RT-qPCR, serotyping identified BTV-25 and also a putative novel BTV serotype in several of the affected goats. We successfully propagated the so-called "BTV-36-CH2019" strain in cell culture, developed a specific RT-qPCR targeting Segment 2, and generated the full genome by high-throughput sequencing. Furthermore, we experimentally infected goats with BTV-36-CH2019. Reg

Age and Seasonal Pattern of Contagious Agalactia in Small Ruminants in Ukraine.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study was to determine how the spread of contagious agalactia in sheep and goats in the Odesa region depended on the age of the animals and the season. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From January 2016 to December 2018, 1,964 ewes and 1,484 nanny goats of different age groups were studied by ELISA for antibodies to Mycoplasma agalactiae. RESULTS: The highest incidence of contagious agalactia was registered in one-year-old animals and was 59.7‒83.0%, two-year-old ruminants showed 17.0‒40.3% prevalence, in livestock at the age of 3-4 years no serological evidence of the dise…

Rift Valley Fever and Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses in Ruminants, Jordan.

The epidemiology of Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) in Jordan is unknown. Our investigation showed 3% of 989 tested dairy cattle, sheep, and goats were RVFV seropositive and 14% were CCHFV seropositive. Ongoing surveillance is needed to assess risk to humans and protect public health.

First Report on Molecular Characterization of Anaplasmosis in Small Ruminants in Pakistan.

Anaplasmosis is caused by a Gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium of the genus Anaplasma with the pathogen having a zoonotic impact. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of anaplasmosis in Pakistan, to unravel the association of potential risk factors, and to investigate the effect on hematological parameters in affected small ruminants. A total of 150 (n = 75 sheep; n = 75 goats) blood samples were initially screened microscopically and then subjected to PCR targeting the amplification of the 16S rRNA gene fragment of Anaplasma. The PCR-based positive samples were then processe…

Prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in asymptomatic small ruminants in Grenada, West Indies.

Cryptosporidium spp. is a protozoan parasite that causes enteric infection in a wide range of hosts, including livestock and humans. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to estimate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in small ruminants in Grenada, West Indies. Fecal samples were collected from 100 sheep and 202 goats from 32 farms. The fecal samples were tested using an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for qualitative detection of antigens in feces (Diagnostic Automation Inc., USA). The overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. was 19.5% [95% confidence interval (CI): 15.4% …