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Development of Viral-Vectored Vaccines and Virus Replicon Particle-Based Neutralisation Assay against Mayaro Virus.

Mayaro virus (MAYV) is an emerging alphavirus causing acute febrile illness associated with chronic polyarthralgia. Although MAYV is currently restricted to tropical regions in South America around the Amazon basin, it has the potential to spread globally by Aedes species mosquitoes. In addition, there are currently no specific therapeutics or licenced vaccines against MAYV infection. We have previously shown that an adenovirus based Mayaro vaccine (ChAdOx1 May) was able to provide full protection against MAYV challenge in vaccinated A129 mice and induced high neutralising antibody titres. In …

Serological and Molecular Evidence of the Circulation of the Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Subtype IIIA in Humans, Wild Vertebrates and Mosquitos in the Brazilian Amazon.

Understanding the interaction between viruses and ecosystems in areas with or without anthropic interference can contribute to the organization of public health services, as well as prevention and disease control. An arbovirus survey was conducted at Caxiuanã National Forest, Pará, Brazil, where 632 local residents, 338 vertebrates and 15,774 pools of hematophagous arthropods were investigated. Neutralization antibodies of the Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis virus, subtype IIIA, Mucambo virus (MUCV) were detected in 57.3% and 61.5% of humans and wild vertebrates, respectively; in addition, geno

Ross River virus disease clinical presentation, pathogenesis and current therapeutic strategies.

Ross River virus (RRV) is an arthitogenic alphavirus capable of causing outbreaks of debilitating musculoskeletal inflammatory disease in humans. RRV is the most common mosquito-borne disease in Australia, with outbreaks of RRV generally occurring during seasonal wet and warm conditions. Patients with Ross River virus disease (RRVD) typically present with fever, polyarthralgia, myalgia and a maculopapular erythematous rash. Treatment of the disease is usually palliative with no licensed vaccines or antiviral therapies currently available. In an effort to better inform therapeutic design, much …

Chikungunya fever diagnosed among international travelers--United States, 2005-2006.

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an alphavirus indigenous to tropical Africa and Asia, where it is transmitted to humans by the bite of infected mosquitoes, usually of the genus Aedes. Chikungunya (CHIK) fever, the disease caused by CHIKV, was first recognized in epidemic form in East Africa during 1952-1953. The word "chikungunya" is thought to derive from description in local dialect of the contorted posture of patients afflicted with the severe joint pain associated with this disease. Because CHIK fever epidemics are sustained by human-mosquito-human transmission, the epidemic cycle is similar …

Diagnosis of Barmah Forest virus infection by a nested real-time SYBR green RT-PCR assay.

Barmah Forest virus (BFV) is a mosquito borne (+) ssRNA alphavirus found only in Australia. It causes rash, myalgia and arthralgia in humans and is usually diagnosed serologically. We developed a real-time PCR assay to detect BFV in an effort to improve diagnosis early in the course of infection. The limit of detection was 16 genome equivalents with a specificity of 100%. Fifty five serum samples from BFV-infected patients were tested by the PCR. 52 of 53 antibody-positive samples were PCR negative. Two culture-positive (neutralizing antibody negative) samples were positive on first round PCR,…

Comparison of two aquatic alphaviruses, salmon pancreas disease virus and sleeping disease virus, by using genome sequence analysis, monoclonal reactivity, and cross-infection.

Cell culture isolates of salmon pancreas disease virus (SPDV) of farmed Atlantic salmon and sleeping disease virus (SDV) of rainbow trout we … hat SPDV and SDV are closely related isolates of the same virus species for which the name Salmonid alphavirus is proposed.

Сероэпидемиология отдельных альфавирусов и флавивирусов в мышах в Тринидаде.

На Карибском острове Тринидад было проведено серообследование антител против отдельных флавивирусов и альфавирусов в 384 мышах (представляющих 10 родов и 14 видов). Сера анализировалась с использованием эпитопических блокирующих энзимных иммуносорбентов (ELISAS), специфичных для антител против вируса Западного Нила (WNV), венесуэльского энцефалитного вируса (VEV) и восточного эпинеэцефалитного вируса (EEEV), которые представляют собой зоонотические вирусы, имеющие важное значение для здоровья населения в регионе. В целом ЭЛИСА привели к обнаружению специальных антител VEEV в 11 (2,9 процента)

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
A serosurvey of antibodies against selected flaviviruses and alphaviruses in 384 bats (representing 10 genera and 14 species) was conducted in the Caribbean island of Trinidad. Sera were analysed using epitope-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) specific for antibodies against West Nile virus (WNV), Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV…

Гуманизированный моноколональный антитело защитит мышей от венесуэльского энцефалитного вируса, вируса Эверглейдс и вируса Мукамбо, когда он вводится до 48 часов после авиаперевозок.

В настоящее время не существует лицензированного антивирусного лечения венесуэльского энцефалита (VEV), вируса Эверглейдса и вируса Мукамбо. Ранее мы разработали гуманную версию моноклонного антитела мыши 1A3B-7 (Hu1A3B-7), который продемонстрировал широкий спектр реактивности in vitro и смог защитить мышей от инфекции VEV. Продолжающаяся работа с гуманизированным антителом показала, что она может стать новой человеческой терапевтической. Hu1A3B-7 успешно защитил мышей от инфекции несколькими альфавирусами. Эффективность процесса гуманизации была определена путем оценки реакции на распростране

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Currently there are no licensed antiviral treatments for the Alphaviruses Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), Everglades virus and Mucambo virus. We previously developed a humanised version of the mouse monoclonal antibody 1A3B-7 (Hu1A3B-7) which exhibited a wide range of reactivity in vitro and was able to protect mice from infection with VEEV. Con…

Chikungunya virus uses the tetraspanins CD63, CD9, and CD151 to replicate in human synovial fibroblasts.

The arthritogenic alphavirus chikungunya virus (CHIKV) causes debilitating long-lasting joint pain. Host factors used by CHIKV to infect joint cells are largely unknown. Here, we evaluated the role of the 19 tetraspanins expressed in primary human synovial fibroblasts in virus infection. The exosome-associated tetraspanins CD63, CD9, and CD151 supported CHIKV infection of joint fibroblasts. Silencing of CD63 and CD151 reduced subgenomic replicon activity. CD9 localized in close proximity to replication sites and its silencing reduced intracellular CHIKV genome accumulation. Silencing of all th…

Pirahy virus: Identification of a new and potential emerging arbovirus in South Brazil.

Genomic and epidemiological surveillance are paramount for the discovery of new viruses with the potential to cross species barriers. Here, we present a new member of the genus Alphavirus found in Trichoprosopon and Wyeomia mosquitoes, tentatively named Pirahy virus (PIRAV). PIRAV was isolated from mosquito pools collected in a rural area of Piraí do Sul, South Brazil. In vitro assays revealed that PIRAV replicates and causes cytopathic effects in vertebrate cell lines such as Vero E6, SH-SY5Y, BHK-21 and UMNSAH/DF-1. Genomic signature analysis supports these results showing a dinucleotide and…

Chikungunya-induced inflammatory myositis: a case report in India.

Chikungunya fever is a benign and self-limiting disease caused by an RNA virus belonging to genus alphavirus and transmitted by infected Aedes mosquitoes. However, a number of atypical presentations involving various systems have been reported. Among the neurological complications, encephalitis, myelitis, Guillain-Barre syndrome and optic neuritis are commonly seen. However, its presentation as isolated inflammatory myositis causing quadriplegia is extremely rare. We report a 35-year-old woman with quadriplegia caused by chikungunya-induced inflammatory myositis. The diagnosis was confirmed wi…

The green tea catechin, epigallocatechin gallate inhibits chikungunya virus infection.

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus that causes chikungunya fever and has infected millions of people mainly in developing countries. The associated disease is characterized by rash, high fever and severe arthritis that can persist for years. CHIKV has adapted to Aedes albopictus, which also inhabits temperate regions, including Europe and the United States of America and might cause new, large outbreaks there. No treatment or licensed CHIKV vaccine exists. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major component of green tea, has, among other beneficial properties, an…

Results of arbovirological examination of birds of the family Hirundinidae in Czechoslovakia.

Migratory birds (swallow, Hirundo rustica; sand martin, Riparia riparia; house martin, Delichon urbica) caught in southern Moravia (Czechoslovakia) in 1984-87 were examined for arbovirus infections. Isolation experiments were carried out using blood samples of 183 birds (52 swallows, 107 sand martins, and 24 house martins). The results were negative. Serological examinations of 136 birds (36 swallows, 86 sand martins, and 14 house martins) were made by haemagglutination-inhibition test (HIT) using 6 arboviral antigens of the genera Alphavirus (Sindbis--SIN) and Flavivirus (tick-borne encephali…

Anti-Mayaro virus activity of a hydroethanolic extract from Fridericia chica (Bonpl.) L. G. Lohmann leaves.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Mayaro fever is a neglected tropical disease. The region of the most significant circulation of the Mayaro virus (MAYV) is the Amazon rainforest, situated in remote areas that are difficult to access and where medicine is scarce. Thus, the regional population uses plants as an alternative for the treatment of various diseases. Fridericia chica is an endemic plant of tropical regions used in traditional medicine to treat fever, malaise, inflammation, and infectious diseases such as hepatitis B. However, its antiviral activity is poorly understood. AIM OF THE STU

Emergence potential of mosquito-borne arboviruses from the Florida Everglades.

The Greater Everglades Region of South Florida is one of the largest natural wetlands and the only subtropical ecosystem found in the continental United States. Mosquitoes are seasonally abundant in the Everglades where several potentially pathogenic mosquito-borne arboviruses are maintained in natural transmission cycles involving vector-competent mosquitoes and reservoir-competent vertebrate hosts. The fragile nature of this ecosystem is vulnerable to many sources of environmental change, including a wetlands restoration project, climate change, invasive species and residential development.

Ross River virus infection in a Thuringian traveller returning from south-east Australia.

Ross River virus (RRV) is an arbovirus transmitted by Aedes and Culex mosquitos. It is endemic in Australia, New Zealand and south-east Asia. Clinical manifestation rates in adults range about 20-40%. Symptoms involve arthralgia, myalgia, lymphadenopathy, fever and rash. Here we report a case of RRV in a Thuringian traveller who visited the urban South-East of Australia.

Host range, amplification and arboviral disease emergence.

Etiologic agents of arboviral diseases are primarily zoonotic pathogens that are maintained in nature in cycles involving arthropod transmission among a variety of susceptible reservoir hosts. In the simplest form of human exposure, spillover occurs from the enzootic cycle when humans enter zoonotic foci and/or enzootic amplification increases circulation near humans. Examples include Eastern (EEEV) and Western equine encephalitis viruses (WEEV), as well as West Nile (WNV), St. Louis encephalitis (SLEV) and Yellow fever viruses. Spillover can involve direct transmission to humans by primary en