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Modelling the potential clinical benefit of mobile stroke units in England.

BACKGROUND: Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and mechanical thrombectomy (MT) are well-established emergency reperfusion treatments for stroke … s on clinical outcomes (the ability to live independently, modified Rankin Scale 0-2) across all of England assuming no resource restrictions during deployment. METHODS: We used modelling of times to treatment and outcomes. Modelling was performed for Lower Super Output Areas (LSOAs) in England. Admission numbers were based on Hospital Episode Statistics …

Incidence, prevalence, and mortality of sarcoidosis in England: a population-based study.

BACKGROUND: The epidemiology of sarcoidosis in England is largely uncharted, with no population-level prevalence data and outdated incidence and mortality estimates. Our objective was to investigate contemporary trends in incidence, prevalence, and mortality. METHODS: This cohort study used primary care data from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD), linked to secondary-care and national death registration. Patients aged ≥18 with sarcoidosis were identified using primary care codes. Age-and-sex standardised incidence and prevalence were calculated. Standardised mortality ratios (…

How mental patients leave hospital in England and Wales: A viewpoint.

Contrary to what people generally assume, patients leave mental hospitals, not just via self-discharge (in the case of informal patients) or discharge by the hospital (responsible clinician, hospital managers, etc.). Rather, there are other modes of leaving hospital, such as being given leave of absence, absconding or going absent without leave and transfer to another hospital. This paper briefly looks at all these modes, according to whether they are temporary or permanent, unofficial or official.

Optimisation of the deployment of automated external defibrillators in public places in England.

BACKGROUND: Ambulance services treat over 32,000 patients sustaining an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest annually, receiving over 90,000 calls. The definitive treatment for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is defibrillation. Prompt treatment with an automated external defibrillator can improve survival significantly. However, their location in the community limits opportunity for their use. There is a requirement to identify the optimal location for an automated external defibrillator to improve out-of-hospital cardiac arrest coverage, to improve the chances of survival. METHODS: This was a secon

Моделирование воздействия и эффективности с точки зрения затрат всеобщей вакцинации варицелла в Англии.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Два различных заболевания связаны с вирусом варицелла-зостера, варицелла (цикенпокс) и зостер (шинглы). В этом исследовании оценивается воздействие и эффективность с точки зрения затрат программы вакцинации детей от вариселы в Англии. Мы используем возрастную динамическую модель передачи и дерево для принятия экономических решений в области здравоохранения. Эта модель включает последние данные по варицелле и зостерной эпидемиологии, в том числе о воздействии внешних факторов на распространенность зостеров. Путем имитации различных стратегий вакцинации, включая обычные и наверстываемы

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
INTRODUCTION: Two distinct diseases are attributable to the varicella zoster virus, varicella (chickenpox) and zoster (shingles). This study assesses the impact and cost-effectiveness of a childhood varicella vaccination program in England. METHODS: We use an age-structured dynamic transmission model and a health economic decision tree. The model incorporat…

The transmission dynamics of Norovirus in England: A genotype-specific modelling study.

BACKGROUND: Norovirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis cases in England and worldwide, with diverse co-circulating genotypes. Vaccine candidates targeting multiple genotypes are advancing. However, most transmission models still focus on single-strain dynamics, limiting their ability to assess the role of co-circulating strains on population burden. METHODS: We developed an age structured multistrain transmission model that integrates norovirus genotype diversity, waning immunity, and cross-protection within genogroups. We calibrate to case and genotyping surveillance time-series…

Persistent elevation in incidence of pneumonia in children in England, 2023/24.

Since November 2023, the absolute number of attendances at emergency departments for pneumonia among children aged 5-14 years in England have been above expected levels for the time of year. This increased signal peaked during March 2024 but then persisted into early summer 2024 despite decreases in prevalence of seasonal respiratory pathogens. Record linkage between emergency department and laboratory databases points to this unusual activity being driven largely by Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

A qualitative investigation of crisis cafés in England: their role, implementation, and accessibility.

BACKGROUND: Crisis cafés (also known as crisis sanctuaries or havens) are community-based services which support people in mental health cri … pproach was used. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 managers of crisis cafés across England. These interviews explored managers' views on the implementation of their services, and the factors that help and hinder successful implementation. Data were analysed using Braun and Clarke's reflexive thematic approach. RESULTS: We identified five …

An Evaluation of Oral Anticoagulant Safety Indicators by England's Community Pharmacies.

BACKGROUND: Anticoagulants are life-saving medicines that can prevent strokes for patients diagnosed with atrial fibrillation (AF) as well a … ng high-risk patients, and contacting prescribers when clinically appropriate were incentivised for England's community pharmacies in 2021-2022 and 2023-2024 using the Pharmacy Quality Scheme (PQS) commissioned by NHS England. RESULTS: Approximately 11,000 community pharmacies audited just under a quarter of a million patients in total, whilst making alm …

Evaluating the Implementation of the Rapid Prenatal Exome Sequencing Service in England.

INTRODUCTION: In October 2020, a national rapid prenatal exome sequencing (pES) service was rolled out across the English National Health Service (NHS). This service is delivered by multiple clinical and two laboratory teams. While there was high level national guidance to support implementation, it was unclear how the service had been delivered in practice. This study evaluated pES service implementation across England, using the major system change (MSC) framework to explore links between implementation approaches and outcomes. METHODS: We conducted a national mixed-methods multi-site study…

Measles and Pertussis outbreaks in England and Wales: a time-series analysis.

BACKGROUND: Vaccine coverage for common infectious diseases such as Measles and Pertussis (also known as whooping cough) have been declining in England and Wales since 2014. Consequently, significant increases in Measles and Pertussis cases are observed in the community. AIM: To explore whether Google Trends offers a predictive utility as a health surveillance tool for Meases and Pertussis in England and Wales. DESIGN AND SETTING: Google search data related to Measles and Pertussis, including common associated symptoms, were downloaded for 52 weeks from 07/01/2023 - 07/01/2024. Measles and P…

Hospitalisation rates for youth living with perinatally acquired HIV in England.

INTRODUCTION: Complex challenges amongst ageing cohorts of adolescents and adults living with perinatally acquired HIV (PaHIV) may impact on hospitalisation. We report hospitalisation rates and explored predictive factors for hospitalisation in adolescents and adults (10-35 years) living with PaHIV in England. METHOD: Retrospective observational cohort study over a three-year period 2016-2019. Data collected included cause and duration of hospitalisation, HIV viral load and CD4 lymphocyte count. The primary outcome was overnight hospitalisation. Patients exited at study end/ transfer of care …

Cost-Effectiveness of Newborn Screening for Spinal Muscular Atrophy in England.

INTRODUCTION: We sought to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of newborn screening (NBS) versus no NBS for 5q spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) in England. METHODS: A cost-utility analysis using a combination of decision tree and Markov model structures was developed to estimate the lifetime health effects and costs of NBS for SMA, compared with no NBS, from the perspective of the National Health Service (NHS) in England. A decision tree was designed to capture NBS outcomes, and Markov modeling was used to project long-term health outcomes and costs for each patient group following diagnosis. Model …

Responding to Urinary Tract Infection Symptoms in England's Community Pharmacies.

Most urinary tract infections (UTIs) are self-limiting and frequently present in primary care; it is common for patients to seek symptom relief. The TARGET Treating Your Infection (TYI) leaflet was used to respond to UTI symptoms for women under 65 years presenting in community pharmacies. The widespread use of these leaflets was incentivised as part of NHS England's Pharmacy Quality Scheme (PQS) 2022-23, between October 2022 and March 2023. The TARGET TYI leaflets are aimed to support appropriate antibiotic use and antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) as well as reducing the opportunity for resist…

Profile of Hospital Admissions Due to Preterm Labor and Delivery in England.

OBJECTIVES: Preterm labor and delivery are associated with various short- and long-term complications in neonates and infants. This research aimed to look at the trends in preterm labor and birth-related hospitalizations in England. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The Hospital Episode Statistics database was used to extract hospital admission data for the ecological study of preterm labor and delivery between April 2012 and April 2020 in England. RESULTS: The overall admission rates decreased by 26.2%, from 14,210 in 2012 (CI: 99.18-102.49) to 10,490 in 2020 (CI: 73.02-75.87) per 100,000 individuals. …

Antidepressant prescribing for adult people with an intellectual disability living in England.

The prescribing of psychotropic medications for people with an intellectual disability has changed. In many locations across England, antidepressants have become the most widely prescribed psychotropic. In the context of the current NHS England STOMP programme to reduce inappropriate psychotropic prescribing for people with intellectual disability, there is an urgent need to understand whether this change reflects evidence-based use of the medications involved. There has been little analysis into the benefits or problems associated with the change and whether it is of concern. This paper offer…

Changes in the growth of very preterm infants in England 2006-2018.

OBJECTIVE: To compare weight gain from birth to term equivalent age in very preterm infants in England born during two eras (2006-2011 and 2014-2018); to assess demographic and care factors influencing weight gain. METHODS: Data for infants born before 32 weeks of gestation during 2014-2018 in England were obtained (29 687 infants). Weight gain modelled using SuperImposition by Translation And Rotation (SITAR), with infants grouped by gestational week. A cohort from 2006 to 2011 was used for comparison (3288 infants). Multiple linear regression was used to assess factors influencing change in…

The impact of COVID-19 on pregnancy outcomes in a diverse cohort in England.

There is conflicting evidence regarding the effect of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in pregnancy. Risk factors for COVID-19 overlap with risk factors for pregnancy complications. We aimed to assess the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection on pregnancy outcomes. A retrospective interrupted time-series and matched cohort analysis was performed. Singleton pregnancies completed between 1st January 2016 and 31st January 2021 were included. Trends in outcomes were analysed over time. Modelled COVID-19 transmission data were applied to deliveries since 1st January 2020