Результаты поиска

Immunomodulation in the critically ill.

Immunotherapy in the critically ill is an appealing notion because of the apparent abnormal immune and inflammatory responses seen in so many patients. The administration of a medication that could alter immune responses and decrease mortality in patients with sepsis could represent a 'magic bullet'. Various approaches have been tried over the last 20 yr: steroids; anti-endotoxin or anti-cytokine antibodies; cytokine receptor antagonists; and other agents with immune-modulating side-effects. However, in some respects, research along these lines has been unsuccessful or disappointing at best. T…

The initial pathogenesis of cadmium induced renal toxicity.

The novel application of magic angle spinning 1H NMR spectroscopy, coupled with pattern recognition techniques, has identified biochemical changes in lipid and glutamate metabolism that precede classical nephrotoxicity. These changes occurred in the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) after chronic dosing, at a low level of exposure and at a renal Cd(2+) concentration (8.4 microgram/g dry wt) that was nearly two orders of magnitude below the WHO critical organ concentration (200 microg/g wet wt). These early stage effects of Cd(2+) on the biochemistry of renal tissue may reflect adaptation mec…

[Comparative study of the medicines used in the fight against plague on the basis of the plague treatises of the Medical Faculty of Paris (1348-1349), of Joannes de Vesalia (after 1454) and of Thomas Montanus (1669)].

The remedies proposed for the prevention and treatment of the plague by the Medical Faculty of Paris and by Joannes de Vesalia are mainly de … edicines in therapy. Montanus accepts these remedies with some reserve but favours also amulets and magic drugs. The plethora of medicines proposed demonstrates the inefficacy of therapeutics.

Stop comparing spells: a defense of mechanistic reasoning in quantitative medicine.

Mathematical methodology-spanning statistics, time series analysis, modeling, and AI-driven approaches-functions as a foundational language … e expectation that quantitative methods remain legible to their users has eroded. We term this the "magicalization" of mathematics-the transformation of quantitative methods into oracular pronouncements accepted on faith or incantations rejected wholesale, rather than transparent arguments open to challenge. We treat this less as an accomplished verdict …

Solvation of Large Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Helium: Cationic and Anionic Hexabenzocoronene.

The adsorption of helium on charged hexabenzocoronene (Hbc, C42H18), a planar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecule of D6h symmetry, was investigated by a combination of high-resolution mass spectrometry and classical and quantum computational methods. The ion abundance of HenHbc+ complexes versus size n features prominent local anomalies at n = 14, 38, 68, 82, and a weak one at 26, indicating that for these "magic" sizes, the helium evaporation energies are relatively large. Surprisingly, the mass spectra of anionic HenHbc- complexes feature a different set of anomalies, namely at n …

Lipid Emulsion in Treatment of Local Anesthetic Toxicity.

Epidural, spinal, regional, local, and intravenous administration of local anesthetics (LAs) is a cornerstone of anesthetic practice. LA toxicity is a grave consequence that is of great significance to anesthesia providers. Outcomes of LA toxicity range from inconvenient symptoms such as tinnitus, twitching, and hypotension to seizures; cardiovascular or respiratory collapse; and death. Lipid emulsion has emerged as a potential "magic bullet" in treating LA toxicity. This literature review provides background information and proposed mechanisms of action for LAs and lipid emulsion as well as a…

Founder's lecture of the ISS 2006: borderlands of normal and early pathological findings in MRI of the foot and ankle.

The purpose of this article is to highlight the anatomical variants, technical pitfalls, and the prevalence of abnormal conditions in the asymptomatic population in magnetic resonance imaging of the foot and ankle. Special attention is drawn to the complex anatomy of the deltoid ligament (the superficial tibionavicular ligament, tibiospring ligament, the tibiocalcaneal ligament, and the deep anterior and posterior tibiotalar ligaments) and the posterior tibial tendon insertion including the magic angle artifact and the high prevalence of asymptomatic findings such as "hypertrophied" peroneal t…

A 119Sn solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance study of crystalline tin sulphides.

Non-spinning and magic angle spinning (MAS) 119Sn nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of the binary tin sulphides SnS and SnS2 as well as of a number of stoichiometric compounds from the ternary system Na2S-SnS2 have been recorded. The isotropic chemical shift was found to cover a range of more than 800 ppm and allows us to distinguish between different coordination numbers of Sn(IV) present in tin sulphides. Moreover, the chemical shift anisotropy (c.s.a.) is shown to be a sensitive indicator for deformations in the coordination sphere of the tin atom and can be discussed with respect to…

Zone-specific diagnostic performance of synthetic MRI quantitative parameters, ADC, and PSA density for clinically significant prostate cancer: comparison with PI-RADS v2.1.

BACKGROUND: The diagnostic performance of synthetic magnetic resonance imaging-derived quantitative tissue parameters relative to Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2.1 (PI-RADS v2.1) remains incompletely understood. This study evaluated the zone-specific diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance image compilation (MAGiC)-derived T1, T2, and proton density (PD), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) for clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). METHODS: This retrospective diagnostic accuracy study included 141 treatment-naï…

[Magnetic resonance relaxometry in high-grade glioma subregion assessment - neuroimaging and morphological correlates].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the differences of high-grade glioma subregions using magnetic resonance relaxometry with compilation of images (MAGiC) and arterial spin labeling (ASL), as well as to compare quantitative measurements of these techniques with morphological data. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study enrolled 35 patients with newly diagnosed supratentorial gliomas (23 - grade IV, 12 - grade III). We measured relaxometric values (T1, T2, proton density), tumor blood flow (TBF) in glioma subregions and normal-appearing brain matter. Neuronavigation was intraoperatively used to obtain tissue samp…

Further investigations of a radiation detector based on ionization-induced modulation of optical polarization.

Optical property modulation induced by ionizing radiation is a promising approach for ultra-fast, lower time jitter detection of photon arri … on based method. For this work, cadmium telluride (CdTe) was studied as the detector crystal . The 'magic' angle (i.e. optimal working angle) of the two crossed polarizers based optical setup with CdTe were explored theoretically and experimentally. The experimental results show that the detection sensitivity could be improved by around 10% by determini …

Second and third year medical students' self-reported alcohol and substance use, smoking habits and academic performance at a South African medical school.

BACKGROUND: Health professional students frequently use alcohol and narcotics. The potential impact on academic performance and professional behaviour is concerning. AIM: This study aimed to determine self-reported use of alcohol, illicit substances (e.g. cannabis, lysergic acid diethylamide [LSD], magic mushroom, cocaine, crack, ecstasy, methamphetamine and heroin), prescription medication and smoking habits, correlating academic performance. SETTING: Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State. METHODS: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study design was used. Inf…

Нацеливание ионных каналов в неврологии и психиатрии: является ли фармакологическая беспорядочность препятствием или возможностью?

ЦЕЛЬ: Традиционный акцент на разработке высокоспециализированных фармацевтических препаратов ("магические пули") для лечения неврологических и психических расстройств ставится под сомнение формирующимися концепциями патофизиологии, в которых болезни рассматриваются как ненормальные взаимодействия в рамках сложных сетей молекулярных и клеточных компонентов. В так называемой сетевой фармакологии основное внимание уделяется изменению поведения целых систем, а не отдельных компонентов, что является терапевтической стратегией, в которой в идеале использовались бы единичные фармакологические агенты,

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: The traditional emphasis on developing high specificity pharmaceuticals ("magic bullets") for the treatment of Neurological and Psychiatric disorders is being challenged by emerging pathophysiology concepts that view disease states as abnormal interactions within complex networks of molecular and cellular components. So-called network pharmacolog…

Night eating syndrome : diagnosis, epidemiology and management.

BACKGROUND: Marathon running, while offering health benefits, is associated with a high incidence of knee injuries. The infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) plays a critical role in knee joint homeostasis and injury mitigation. This study investigated IFP adaptations to the acute stress of marathon running using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: Fourteen amateur marathon runners (12 male, two female) were prospectively enrolled and underwent 3.0T MRI (GE SIGNA Architect) one week before and after the marathon. Left knee imaging included MAGiC and IDEAL-IQ sequences. MAGiC sequenc…

Treatment of endotoxic shock: glucocorticoids, lazaroids, nonsteroidals, others.

Review of the literature would indicate that a therapy inhibiting a single step in the inflammatory mediator cascade, although potentially beneficial, cannot serve as the "magic bullet" in endotoxic shock. Thus, combination therapy using drugs that target multiple steps in the mediator cascade may prove useful in the future. Until controlled clinical studies have been performed in veterinary medicine using the agents discussed in this manuscript (or others), many questions will remain regarding the best possible pharmacologic therapies to use in supplementing traditional supportive care (e.g.,…

Use of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) to Study Cancer Metabolism.

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has emerged as an important tool in cancer metabolism research, providing noninvasive, quantitative, and revealing insights into tumor biochemistry. This chapter discusses a wide range of NMR applications in oncology, including biofluid metabolomics for early diagnosis and prognosis, high-resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) NMR for intact tissue profiling, and stable isotope-resolved metabolomics (SIRM) for mapping metabolic fluxes. Furthermore, the use of NMR in cancer cell culture models and the transformative influence of dynamic nuclear po…

Novel subcellular regulatory mechanisms of protein homeostasis and its implications in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal motor neuron degenerative disorder. Protein aggregates induce various forms of neuronal dysfu … e ERAD/RESET pathways, (2) HSPs-mediated nuclear sequestration, (3) mitochondrial aggregate import (MAGIC), (4) neurite-localized UPS/autophagosome and NMP, and (5) exopher-mediated extracellular disposal. These mechanisms collectively ensure cellular stress adaptation and provide novel therapeutic targets for ALS treatment.

Endothelial nitric oxide deficiency results in abnormal placental metabolism.

Placental metabolism determines the amount of nutrients available to the fetus and may be altered in pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction (FGR). To study which metabolites are associated with FGR, we performed 1H high-resolution magic angle spinning magnetic resonance spectroscopy of placental tissue from endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout (eNOS KO) mice, a model of FGR, and C57BL/6J controls at embryonic day 17.5 (n = 24/genotype). The relative concentration of glucose was increased in the placentas of eNOS KO mice compared to controls (p = 0.006). This study highlights…

Use of Topical Corticosteroids in Dermatology: An Evidence-based Approach.

Topical corticosteroids (TCs) are the pillars of dermatotherapeutics. These drugs are the "magic molecules," provided they are used judiciously and appropriately, following a rational prescription. On exhaustive literature search in multiple databases, we found a significant evidence favoring the use of TCs in atopic eczema, localized vitiligo, psoriasis, chronic hand eczema, and localized bullous pemphigoid. However, contrary to conventional wisdom, we did not find any high-level scientific evidence in support of prescribing TCs in cutaneous lichen planus, sarcoidosis, and seborrhoeic dermati…