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[Epidemic of Rift Valley fever in the Islamic republic of Mauritania. Geographic and ecological data].

During and after the Rift Valley Fever epidemic in southern mauritania, we conducted epidemiological inquiries in order to determine epidemic and epizootic areas. The epidemic area was divided into two different zones. The first was located along the right bank of the Senegal River, around the town of Rosso. The second was located near the town of Kaedi. This epidemic area was included within the epizootic area, which stretched to the south, between Rosso and Saint-Louis. Several ecological changes had occurred in the recent past including erection of dams on the Senegal River for irrigation, …

A possible route for the introduction of Rift Valley fever virus into Egypt during 1977.

Rift Valley fever (RVF), which was enzootic in Sudan in 1976 and epidemic in Egypt in 1977-78, may have been introduced into Egypt from Sudan via sheep transported along Lake Nasser. A hypothesis is presented which describes sheep transport from holding areas in north-central Sudan, where RVF was epizootic, to live animal markets in southern Egypt. Travel time from north-central Sudan to the Aswan area was less than 5 days, approximating the incubation period of RVF virus in sheep. Reintroduction of RVF or other diseases from Sudan into Egypt will be facilitated by the construction of new road…

Antibodies to Rift Valley fever virus in Swedish U.N. soldiers in Egypt and the Sinai.

Swedish United Nations Emergency Forces soldiers serving in Egypt and the Sinai peninsula were serologically tested for hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies to Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus. Eight of 170 were positive. RVF has not been reported outside Africa, and a survey of 500 Swedish soldiers who had not served in the Middle East or Africa revealed no RVF virus antibodies. There were extensive RVF epidemics in Egypt in 1977 and 1978, and it is considered that these serologically positive soldiers contracted RVF disease while on duty in the Middle East.

RIFT VALLEY FEVER IN MAN : REPORT OF A FATAL LABORATORY INFECTION COMPLICATED BY THROMBOPHLEBITIS.

A case of Rift Valley fever following an accidental laboratory infection, and believed to be the first instance of the disease in the Western hemisphere, is reported. Although the course of illness was otherwise quite typical, it was complicated by thrombophlebitis-a condition not previously described in association with this disease in man. Death was caused by a pulmonary embolus.

Inter-epidemic transmission of Rift Valley fever in livestock in the Kilombero River Valley, Tanzania: a cross-sectional survey.

BACKGROUND: In recent years, evidence of Rift Valley fever (RVF) transmission during inter-epidemic periods in parts of Africa has increasingly been reported. The inter-epidemic transmissions generally pass undetected where there is no surveillance in the livestock or human populations. We studied the presence of and the determinants for inter-epidemic RVF transmission in an area experiencing annual flooding in southern Tanzania. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional sero-survey was conducted in randomly selected cattle, sheep and goats in the Kilombero river valley from May to August 2011, approxim…

Effectiveness and equity of vaccination strategies against Rift Valley fever in a heterogeneous landscape.

Spatio-temporal variations in environmental and socio-agricultural factors create heterogeneity in livestock disease transmission risk, raising challenges in identifying populations most at risk and how this risk changes over time. Consequently, effective vaccination strategies require careful planning to achieve optimal or equitable outcomes across regions. We developed a metapopulation model for Rift Valley fever transmission in livestock across the Comoros archipelago which incorporates livestock vaccination in addition to heterogeneity in viral transmission rates and animal movements. We u…

Evidence of Rift Valley Fever Virus Circulation in Livestock and Herders in Southern Ghana.

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a re-emerging zoonotic disease of domestic ruminants and humans. While neighbouring countries have reported outbreaks of RVF, Ghana has not yet identified any cases. The aim of this study was to determine whether RVF virus (RVFV) was circulating in livestock and herders in the southern part of Ghana, to estimate its seroprevalence, and to identify associated risk factors. The study surveyed 165 livestock farms randomly selected from two districts in southern Ghana. Serum samples of 253 goats, 246 sheep, 220 cattle, and 157 herdsmen were tested to detect IgG and IgM a…

MAVS выступает посредником в защите иммунной реакции в мозге на вирус лихорадки Рифт-Вэлли.

Вирус лихорадки Рифт-Вэлли (RVFV) — высокопатогенный вирус, передаваемый комарами, способный вызывать гепатит, энцефалит, слепоту, геморрагический синдром и смерть у людей и скота. При аэрозольной инфекции с RVFV мозг является основным местом вирусного репликации и повреждения тканей, однако патогенез в этом органе был недооценен. Здесь мы изучили иммунную реакцию в мозге инфицированных мышей. В ответ на инфекцию микроглиа инициировала жесткое транскрипционное регулирование антивирусных иммунных генов, а также повышение уровней датчиков активации и секреции цитокина, которые зависят от митохон

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a highly pathogenic mosquito-borne virus capable of causing hepatitis, encephalitis, blindness, hemorrhagic syndrome, and death in humans and livestock. Upon aerosol infection with RVFV, the brain is a major site of viral replication and tissue damage, yet pathogenesis in this organ has been understudied. Here, we investigat…

Safety and immunogenicity of four-segmented Rift Valley fever virus in the common marmoset.

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an emerging mosquito-borne bunyavirus that is highly pathogenic to wild and domesticated ruminants, camelids, and humans. While animals are exclusively infected via mosquito bites, humans can also be infected via contact with contaminated tissues or blood. No human vaccine is available and commercialized veterinary vaccines do not optimally combine efficacy with safety. We previously reported the development of two novel live-attenuated RVF vaccines, created by splitting the M genome segment and deleting the major virulence determinant NSs. The vaccine candida…

NSs amyloid formation is associated with the virulence of Rift Valley fever virus in mice.

Amyloid fibrils result from the aggregation of host cell-encoded proteins, many giving rise to specific human illnesses such as Alzheimer's disease. Here we show that the major virulence factor of Rift Valley fever virus, the protein NSs, forms filamentous structures in the brain of mice and affects mortality. NSs assembles into nuclear and cytosolic disulfide bond-dependent fibrillary aggregates in infected cells. NSs structural arrangements exhibit characteristics typical for amyloids, such as an ultrastructure of 12 nm-width fibrils, a strong detergent resistance, and interactions with the …

In vitro and in vivo efficacy of a Rift Valley fever virus vaccine based on pseudovirus.

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), a recognized category A priority pathogen, causes large outbreaks of Rift Valley fever with some fatalities in humans in humans and huge economic losses in livestock. As wild-type RVFV must be handled in BSL-3 or BSL-4 laboratories, we constructed a high-titer vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) pseudotype bearing RVFV envelope glycoproteins to detect neutralizing antibodies in vitro under BSL-2 conditions. The neutralizing properties of 39 amino acid mutant sites that have occurred naturally over time in the RVFV envelope glycoproteins were analyzed with their cor…

Упаковка вируса лихорадки Рифт-Вэлли псевдовирусов и разработка метода нейтрализации.

Жар в долине Рифт (RVF) — острая, фебрилированная зоонотическая болезнь, вызванная вирусом RVF (RVFV). В основном РВФ существует на Аравийском полуострове, Африканском континенте и нескольких островах в Индийском океане вблизи юго-восточной части Африки. PVFV была классифицирована Всемирной организацией по охране здоровья животных (МОЗ) в качестве патогена категории А. Во избежание проблем биологической безопасности, связанных с использованием патогена в нейтрализации ОВТС, в настоящем исследовании были исследованы и установлены псевдовирусные нейтрализации ОВТС. В ходе этого исследования была

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an acute, febrile zoonotic disease that is caused by the RVF virus (RVFV). RVF is mainly prevalent on the Arabian Peninsula, the African continent, and several islands in the Indian Ocean near southeast Africa. RVFV has been classified by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) as a category A pathogen. To avoid biological s…

Recent advances in the development of antiviral therapeutics for Rift Valley fever virus infection.

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a mosquito-borne bunyavirus endemic to sub-Saharan Africa and the Arabian Peninsula and the etiological agent of Rift Valley fever. Rift Valley fever is a disease of major public health and economic concern, affecting livestock and humans. In ruminants, RVFV infection is characterized by high mortality rates in newborns and near 100% abortion rates in pregnant animals. Infection in humans is typically manifested as a self-limiting febrile illness, but can lead to severe and fatal hepatitis, encephalitis, hemorrhagic fever or retinitis with partial or complete …

Safety and immunogenecity of a live attenuated Rift Valley fever vaccine (CL13T) in camels.

BACKGROUND: Rift Valley fever is an emerging zoonotic viral disease, enzootic and endemic in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, which poses a significant threat to both human and animal health. The disease is most severe in ruminants causing abortions in pregnant animals, especially sheep animals and high mortality in young populations. High mortality rates and severe clinical manifestation have also been reported among camel populations in Africa, to attend however none of the currently available live vaccines against RVF have been tested for safety and efficacy in this species. In this study,…

The use of Nanotrap particles in the enhanced detection of Rift Valley fever virus nucleoprotein.

BACKGROUND: Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a highly pathogenic arthropod-borne virus that has a detrimental effect on both livestock and human populations. While there are several diagnostic methodologies available for RVFV detection, many are not sensitive enough to diagnose early infections. Furthermore, detection may be hindered by high abundant proteins such as albumin. Previous findings have shown that Nanotrap particles can be used to significantly enhance detection of various small analytes of low abundance. We have expanded upon this repertoire to show that this simple and efficient…

Seroprevalence of Infections with Dengue, Rift Valley Fever and Chikungunya Viruses in Kenya, 2007.

Arthropod-borne viruses are a major constituent of emerging infectious diseases worldwide, but limited data are available on the prevalence, distribution, and risk factors for transmission in Kenya and East Africa. In this study, we used 1,091 HIV-negative blood specimens from the 2007 Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey (KAIS 2007) to test for the presence of IgG antibodies to dengue virus (DENV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV).The KAIS 2007 was a national population-based survey conducted by the Government of Kenya to provide comprehensive information needed to address …