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The significance and mechanism of an increased serum phenylalanine-tyrosine ratio during infection.

Infections or inflammatory states often cause significant increases in serum phenylalanine and the phenylalanine-tyrosine ratio. More than 95% of samples obtained during inflammatory diseases in man showed phenylalanine-tyrosine ratio increases greater than the maximum normal values. An increase in this ratio also occurred in monkeys with induced Rocky Mountain spotted fever, viral encephalitis, yellow fever, or pneumococcal and Salmonella infections, as well as in rats with pneumococcal and Salmonella infections, as well as in rats with pneumococcal, Salmonella or tularemia infections. A simi…

Vaccine development for emerging infectious diseases.

Examination of the vaccine strategies and technical platforms used for the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of those used for previous emerging and reemerging infectious diseases and pandemics may offer some mutually beneficial lessons. The unprecedented scale and rapidity of dissemination of recent emerging infectious diseases pose new challenges for vaccine developers, regulators, health authorities and political constituencies. Vaccine manufacturing and distribution are complex and challenging. While speed is essential, clinical development to emergency use authorization and licensure, phar

Flavivirus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Interacts with Genome UTRs and Viral Proteins to Facilitate Flavivirus RNA Replication.

Flaviviruses, most of which are emerging and re-emerging human pathogens and significant public health concerns worldwide, are positive-sense RNA viruses. Flavivirus replication occurs on the ER and is regulated by many mechanisms and factors. NS5, which consists of a C-terminal RdRp domain and an N-terminal methyltransferase domain, plays a pivotal role in genome replication and capping. The C-terminal RdRp domain acts as the polymerase for RNA synthesis and cooperates with diverse viral proteins to facilitate productive RNA proliferation within the replication complex. Here, we provide an ov

Characterization of the Zika virus induced small RNA response in Aedes aegypti cells.

RNA interference (RNAi) controls arbovirus infections in mosquitoes. Two different RNAi pathways are involved in antiviral responses: the PI … ion of ZIKV capsid (C) protein amplified the replication of a reporter alphavirus; although, unlike yellow fever virus C protein, it does not inhibit the exo-siRNA pathway. Our findings elucidate ZIKV-mosquito RNAi interactions that are important for understanding its spread.

The best possible intentions testing prophylactic approaches on humans in developing countries.

Debates on human experiments in developing countries focus on ethical principles such as informed consent, accountability, involvement of the concerned communities, and the improvement of local health services. Public health specialists who conducted human experiments in Rio de Janeiro (1902-1905) and in Guatemala (1947-1948) believed, however, that they were acting in the best interests of local populations, were aware of the importance of informed consent, were closely collaborating with local health professionals, and were contributing to the development of local health structures. Neverthe

From research to phase III: preclinical, industrial and clinical development of the Sanofi Pasteur tetravalent dengue vaccine.

Dengue vaccine development has reached a major milestone with the initiation, in 2010, of the first phase III clinical trial to investigate the Sanofi Pasteur CYD tetravalent dengue vaccine (TDV). The CYD TDV candidate is composed of four recombinant, live, attenuated vaccines (CYD-1-4) based on a yellow fever vaccine 17D (YFV 17D) backbone, each expressing the pre-membrane and envelope genes of one of the four dengue virus serotypes. The vaccine is genetically and phenotypically stable, non-hepatotropic, less neurovirulent than YFV 17D, and does not infect mosquitoes by the oral route. In vit…

[The origins of the Pavilion Lazaretto: quarantine architecture between the 18th and 19th centuries].

The model of pavilion lazaretto was built above the scientific basis established during the hospital reform process held in France on the lasts decades of the eighteenth century. The morphological solutions adopted for the new quarantine taxonomy has not been given by the example borrowed by the new typology of hospital as resulted in this discussion, but by existing quarantine and detention facilities in general. In this paper we will analyse all factors that have influenced in the configuration of this model of lazarettos.

The predominant mechanism by which ribavirin exerts its antiviral activity in vitro against flaviviruses and paramyxoviruses is mediated by inhibition of IMP dehydrogenase.

It is not yet clear to what extent depletion of intracellular GTP pools contributes to the antiviral activity of ribavirin. Therefore, the antiviral activities of (i) ribavirin, (ii) its 5-ethynyl analogue, 5-ethynyl-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carboxamide (EICAR), and (iii) mycophenolic acid (MPA) (a compound that inhibits only cellular IMP dehydrogenase activity) were studied on the replication of flaviviruses and paramyxoviruses. In addition, the effects of these three compounds on intracellular GTP pools were assessed. A linear correlation was observed over a broad concentration rang

Genetically determined resistance to flavivirus infection in wild Mus musculus domesticus and other taxonomic groups in the genus Mus.

Inherited resistance to flaviviruses in laboratory mice is a rare trait conferred by an autosomal dominant gene (Flvr). To provide information on genetic resistance to flaviviruses in wild mice, we analysed (i) wild M. m. domesticus trapped in Australia, and (ii) mice representing other species and subspecies in the genus Mus. Mice were screened for resistance relative to C3H/HeJ mice by intracerebral challenge with Murray Valley encephalitis virus or yellow fever virus, and breeding studies were undertaken to identify inherited resistance factors. Widespread flavivirus resistance was demonstr…

Условия для гемолиза флавивирусами и характеристики гемолисинов.

17D штамм вакцины от вируса желтой лихорадки (YF 17D) был использован для создания оптимальных условий для лиза цыплята эритроцитов. Культурно выращенный полиэтиленовый гликоль-концентрированный вирус продемонстрировал пиковую активность при pH 5,4 в цитратном буфере, когда он инкубировался при 37 градусах С. Еще в два-четыре раза больше титров было получено в результате предварительной обработки цыплят эритроцитами 250 микрограмм/мл трипсина. Эти условия также оказались оптимальными для японского энцефалита (JE), Западного Нила (WN) и денге-2 (den2). Соотношение между гемагглютинацией (HA) и

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The 17D vaccine strain of yellow fever virus (YF 17D) was used to establish the optimal conditions for lysis of chick erythrocytes. Tissue culture-grown, polyethylene glycol-concentrated virus showed peak activity at pH 5.4 in citrate buffer when incubated at 37 degrees C. A further two- to fourfold increase in titre was obtained by pretreatment of the chick…

The health of the Navy: the changing pattern.

Ellis, F. P. (1969).Brit. J. industr. Med.,26, 190-201. The health of the Navy: the changing pattern. Statistical data relating to the healt … ascular diseases of the heart and brain and neoplastic disease replaced phthisis, fever, dysentery, yellow fever, and inflammatory diseases of the lungs as the most prominent causes of death. In the 1960s deaths due to accidents and injuries were nearly twice as numerous as all the deaths due to diseases combined.

Misdiagnosis of Behcet's disease lung involvement as pulmonary cryptococcosis on imaging: A case report.

RATIONALE: Behçet's disease (BD) is a systemic vasculitis that rarely involves the lungs. Pulmonary manifestations of BD can radiographically mimic infectious pneumonia, posing a substantial diagnostic challenge and increasing the risk of inappropriate treatment. This case report describes a young female patient with BD who presented with pulmonary opacities initially misdiagnosed as cryptococcal pneumonia based on imaging findings. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 28-year-old woman with a known history of BD presented with a 1-month history of fever, cough, and productive yellow sputum. She had been on l

Trends and Patterns of Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting in Sierra Leone: A Retrospective Analysis of VigiFlow Data (2008-2022).

PURPOSE: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) present significant obstacles for healthcare systems, impacting both patient safety and the effective … antiparasitic medicines (34.1%), particularly ivermectin, albendazole, and vaccines for cholera and yellow fever. The most commonly reported ADRs were headache (13.2%), fever (12.2%), and diarrhoea (7.6%), primarily affecting the nervous system and general disorder classes. Pharmacists were responsible for 39.0% of reports and achieved the highest completeness …

Establishment of a multisite umbrella cohort study protocol to describe the epidemiology and aetiologies of acute undifferentiated febrile illness in Latin America.

INTRODUCTION: Acute undifferentiated febrile illnesses (AUFIs) impose a large burden in the tropics. Understanding of AUFI's epidemiology is … is PCR tested for dengue, chikungunya, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, Mayaro, Oropouche, Zika, and yellow fever viruses. Paired convalescent and acute serum antibody titters are tested for arbovirus, Leptospira spp, and Rickettsia spp. Serum is used for viral cultures and next-generation sequencing for pathogen discovery. Analysis includes variable distributi …