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Herpes zoster pathogenesis and cell-mediated immunity and immunosenescence.

Herpes zoster, or shingles, is a localized disease characterized by unilateral radicular pain and a vesicular rash limited to the area of skin innervated by a single dorsal root or cranial sensory ganglion. Whereas varicella, or chickenpox, results from primary exogenous varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection, herpes zoster is caused by reactivation of endogenous VZV that has persisted in latent form within sensory ganglia following an earlier episode of chickenpox. In contrast to recurrent herpes simplex, herpes zoster is commonly associated with severe pain: prodromal pain often precedes the…

Клинический и молекулярный патогенез вируса варицелле.

Вирус Варичеллы Зостер (VZV) — нейротропический герпесвирус человека, который заражает почти всех людей и вызывает ветрянку (варицелла). После ветряной оспы VZV становится скрытым в краниальном нерве, дорсовом коре и автономной нервной системе вдоль всей нейроксии. Вирусные реактивные оболочки (зостры), отличающиеся болью и сыпью, обычно ограничиваются 1-3 дерматомами. Зостер часто осложняется постгерпетической невралгией (PHN), боль, которая сохраняется в течение нескольких месяцев после сыпных решений. Вирус может также распространяться на спинной мозг и кровеносные сосуды мозга, вызывая одн

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a neurotropic human herpesvirus that infects nearly all humans and causes chickenpox (varicella). After chickenpox, VZV becomes latent in cranial nerve, dorsal root, and autonomic nervous system ganglia along the entire neuraxis. Virus reactivation produces shingles (zoster), characterized by pain and rash usually restricted t…

Mechanisms of smooth muscle antibody production: a clinical study in children with infections, haemolytic syndromes, and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.

Sera from 530 children suffering from various diseases and from 64 controls were tested for smooth muscle autoantibodies (SMA) by indirect immunofluorescence. A high incidence of SMA (51-86%) was found in patients with viral and bacterial infections (viral hepatitis, infectious mononucleosis, measles, mumps, chickenpox, typhoid fever, and brucellosis), independently of liver invovlvement, and in patients with acute haemolytic anaemia due to G-6-PD deficiency (48%). By contrast, the incidence of SMA from patients with beta-thalassaemia major and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura was no higher…

What's Old Is New Again: Varicella.

The availability of a varicella vaccine has led to significant decreases in incidence of this once-common childhood disease. In the setting of rising vaccine hesitancy, health care clinicians are now more frequently facing questions about infections caused by varicella zoster virus. In this continuing state-of-the-art review series, we equip clinicians with the tools to navigate crucial conversations about the importance of varicella vaccination and to recognize, treat, and mitigate spread of this virus.

Acceptance of varicella vaccination.

Varicella is a common vaccine-preventable disease that usually presents in children as a mild infection; however, severe complications also occur. The burden of varicella is significant in the terms of incidence, complication, and hospitalization rate related to varicella and economic disease burden. Despite the evidence of overall positive effects of varicella vaccination, there are great differences in the implementation of varicella vaccination and in the uptake of the vaccine from country to country. Improving acceptance of varicella vaccination on the national and on the individual level

[Evaluation of the Number of Varicella Patients Estimated by Prescription Surveillance].

OBJECT: It is important to know the precise number of varicella patients infected for evaluation of routine immunization and anti-bioterrorism attack using smallpox. Prescription Surveillance (PS) has been providing the estimated number of varicella patients up to the present. However, the estimated number of varicella patients cannot be validated because to date there has been no other comparable precise method of estimation. Recently, all electronic medical claims nationwide (NDB) have been disclosed. In this paper, we compare the number of varicella patients estimated by PS with NDB data, a

Varicella and secondary pneumonia in a healthy child: is it time to introduce varicella vaccine in the UK?

A previously healthy 8-month-old boy presented to the emergency department with a 1-week history of chickenpox infection. His routine immunizations were up-to-date. His parents reported a high temperature (up to 39.5°C) in the preceding 48 hours and that he also had a mild cough, episodes of vomiting and loose stools. He had fed poorly in the 24 hours before presentation. Clinical assessment revealed a temperature of 36.7°C, heart rate 130/min, respiratory rate of 34/min and crusted chickenpox lesions. The infant was alert, smiling and playful, and systemic examination was otherwise unremarkab…

Herpes zoster in infants.

The author reported four cases of herpes zoster in infants without history of chickenpox but with positive history of maternal varicella either in the early life or during pregnancy. One of the infants had been in a close contact with his father who had varicella. Herpes zoster in infancy develops secondary to an asymptomatic foetal varicella zoster virus infection or to an unrecognized subclinical varicella in infants born to varicella zoster virus immune mothers.

A Case Report of Varicella Zoster Virus Infection Progressing to Necrotizing Fasciitis in an Immunocompetent Adult.

Adults who have had varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection may experience the unusual consequence of necrotizing fasciitis (NF), which is brought on by a secondary bacterial infection. The optimum approach to treat this medical condition is with a precise diagnosis, quick antibiotic therapy, and immediate surgery. We present 36-year-old case of post chickenpox NF in an immunocompetent male adult patient by diagnosing clinical and laboratory investigations.

'An utterly amazing nurse'.

After three days of worry about my two-year-old daughter, Rosie (pictured), who had become very unwell from chickenpox, we arrived at the emergency department. Previously, three GPs had told us she was fine: she was 'attention seeking' and I was 'exhausted'. The paramedic who arrived at our home told me he wasn't worried about her. But thankfully he acknowledged my concern and took her to hospital.

Varicella zoster virus transcription in latently-infected human ganglia.

Varicella zoster virus (VZV) causes childhood chickenpox, becomes latent in cranial, dorsal root and autonomic ganglia, and can reactivate decades later to cause shingles and other serious neurological complications. Herein, we summarize investigations conducted over the past decade that have identified virus genes expressed in latently-infected human ganglia. A model of VZV gene regulation during latent infection was tested and future directions in the study of VZV latency are discussed.

Study of tolerance and effectiveness of a varicella vaccine in leukemic children.

Chickenpox could be a severe disease in immunocompromised patients. Live attenuated vaccine is now available. We conducted a trial in 37 leukemic children with OKA varicella vaccine. Full immunization was observed in all 20 seronegative patients. Few side effects and no generalized vaccinal infection were observed. Further studies are warranted to assess the benefit of vaccination in leukemic patients considering the effectiveness of Varicella Zoster Immuno-Globulins and Aciclovir.

[Progress towards the varicella vaccination in China].

The varicella vaccine was first licensed in China in 1997. To date, it has not yet been incorporated into the national immunization program, although several provinces and municipalities have included it in their regional immunization schedules. In recent years, evidence on the safety and effectiveness of the varicella vaccine in China has continued to accumulate; however, a comprehensive review of vaccination progress remains lacking. This article summarizes advances in varicella vaccination-including currently available vaccines, immunization schedules, safety and efficacy data, coverage rat

[Varicella breakthrough infection and vaccine effectiveness with 1-dose varicella].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the breakthrough varicella infection rate and varicella vaccine effectiveness (VE) among children who received 1-dose varicella vaccine. METHODS: A total of 57 180 subjects for the consecutive 4-year birth cohorts were selected from the local children born between 2007 and 2010 in Yinzhou District, Ninghai County and Yuyao City. And they were followed up for varicella from 2008 to 2013. The recipients of the vaccinations were identified through Ningbo Immunization Information System and data on breakthrough infections among the recipients were collected by using China I

Actinic varicella vaccine rash.

The case of an 18-month-old girl with vesicular rash confined to a sunburned area after significant ultraviolet radiation exposure is reported. The child had been vaccinated 32 days before presentation, and a high viral load of Oka strain virus was detected in vesicular fluid. Possible pathogenesis is discussed.

Varicella zoster infection in renal transplant recipients: prevalence, complications and outcome.

Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is an important pathogen after renal transplantation. In the present study, we examined the prevalence, clinica … herpes zoster (HZ), and 2 patients (5%) who were VZV IgG-negative before transplantation, developed chickenpox. Immunosuppression was reduced and patients received acyclovir. Cutaneous scarring was recorded in 7 cases (17.5%). Two patients developed post-herpetic neuralgia, which was accompanied by scarring and skin depigmentation in 1 of them. Five patients …