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When headache meets visual disturbance: An evidence-based review of common and critical entities.

Concurrent headache and visual symptoms pose a diagnostic challenge across specialties, ranging from benign to life-threatening etiologies. … ns and imaging features. Intracranial pressure disorders present with pressure-dependent headaches. Optic neuritis subtypes (MS-associated, MOGAD, NMOSD) differ significantly in visual impairment, imaging lesions, treatment response, and prognosis. Occipital lobe epilepsy is differentiated by ultra-short visual hallucinations with ictal activity. Additional opht …

Paraneoplastic Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder Associated With Ascending Colon Cancer Expressing Aquaporin-4 and Glucose-Regulated Protein 78.

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a central nervous system demyelinating disease, typically defined by the presence of optic neuritis and longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis. A 69-year-old woman presented with acute longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis and motor and sensory deficits. Laboratory testing confirmed the presence of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibodies, leading to a diagnosis of NMOSD. Her symptoms improved following methylprednisolone pulse therapy. Further evaluation revealed concurrent ascending colon cancer. Surgical resection of the tumor was performe…

Острое воздействие высокодозированных кортикостероидов на биомаркировочные характеристики сыворотки при первичном димиелионировании CNS: экспериментальное исследование.

КОЛИЧЕСТВО: Острые подстрекательские рецидивы в связи с первичными заболеваниями, демиелинизирующими CNS, включая повторный склероз (RMS), болезнь, связанная с MOG-антибодиозом (MOGAD), и расстройство спектра нейромиелита (NMOSD), госпитализацию при вождении, инвалидность и социально-экономическое бремя. Биомаркеры, основанные на крови, все чаще используются для обнаружения рецидивов и контроля за лечением. ЦЕЛЬ: Изучение воздействия кортикостероидов на краткосрочную динамику сыворотки биомаркеров.МЕТОДЫ: Мы провели экспериментальное перспективное исследование 22 пациентов с острыми нейро-восп

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Acute inflammatory relapses in primary CNS demyelinating diseases, including relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS), MOG-antibody-as … ntegrity, with decreased myelin biology scores. In a pooled non-RMS group (MOGAD, NMOSD, idiopathic optic neuritis, and transverse myelitis), CNTN2 and IL-12B exhibited similar corticosteroid responsive reductions. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that high-dose corticosteroids rapidly and significantly alter multiple serum biomarkers and composite activity …

Applications of Machine Learning-Driven Molecular Models for Advancing Ophthalmic Precision Medicine.

Ophthalmic diseases such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (ARMD), and optic neuritis involve complex molecular and cellular disruptions that challenge current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Advanced artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) models offer a novel lens to analyze these diseases by integrating diverse datasets, identifying patterns, and enabling precision medicine strategies. Over the past decade, applications of AI in ophthalmology have expanded from imaging-based diagnostics to molecular-level modeling, bridging critical gaps in understanding di…

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated cerebral cortical encephalitis: a case report highlighting diagnostic challenges and therapeutic implications.

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) encompasses a spectrum of inflammatory demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). Recognized clinical phenotypes include optic neuritis (ON), transverse myelitis (TM), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), brainstem encephalitis, aseptic meningitis, cortical encephalitis, demyelinating pseudotumor, and cranial nerve involvement. MOG antibody-associated cerebral cortical encephalitis (MOG-CCE) represents a rare but clinically significant subtype, often misdiagnosed due to heterogeneous clinica…

Management of MOGAD in an immunosuppressed HIV-positive patient: the first case presenting with alexia without agraphia.

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOG AD) is a rare autoimmune demyelinating condition typically presenting with optic neuritis, transverse myelitis, or encephalitis. Its occurrence in immunocompromised individuals, particularly those with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), is rare and presents unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. We report the case of a 70-year-old HIV-positive man who developed alexia without agraphia following treatment for opportunistic infections, including Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia and cytomegalovirus. Brain MRI revealed a …

Gender Bias and Diagnostic Delays in Young Women: A Narrative Review.

Gender bias continues to influence diagnostic pathways for young women, contributing to delayed recognition of serious neurological, cardiovascular, autoimmune, and pain-related conditions. Symptoms such as visual disturbances, chest discomfort, fatigue, and multisystem complaints are frequently misattributed to stress, psychosocial factors, or benign causes. This narrative review synthesises existing literature on diagnostic disparities affecting young women across multiple specialities. Evidence highlights longer diagnostic intervals for conditions such as multiple sclerosis, optic neuritis,…

вакцины COVID-19 и неврологические расстройства: повествовательный обзор иммунной реакции и неблагоприятных реакций.

Прививки COVID-19 оказались эффективными с точки зрения обеспечения надежного иммунитета в относительно короткие сроки, что значительно уменьшило как остроту заболевания, так и связанную с ним смертность. Однако поступили сообщения о осложнениях после вакцинации, в частности о неврологических расстройствах. К числу наиболее часто регистрируемых неврологических осложнений относятся острый распределенный энцефаломиэлит (АДЕМ), множественный склероз (МС), поперечный миелит (ТМ), оптический неуриит (ОН), паралич Белла (БП) и синдром Гильен-Барре (ГБС). Точная роль вакцины COVID-19 в инициировании

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
COVID-19 vaccines have been effective in providing strong immunity within a relatively short time frame, significantly reducing both the sev … are acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), multiple sclerosis (MS), transverse myelitis (TM), optic neuritis (ON), Bell's palsy (BP), and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). The precise role of COVID-19 vaccines in triggering the onset or relapse of these conditions remains uncertain. Immunological processes involving cytokines, chemokines, antibodies, and immu …

Концентрический склероз Бало: серия ретроспективных дел.

Концентрический склероз (Baló) — редкое аутоиммунное демиелинирующее заболевание с уникальной концентрической кольцевой схемой демиэлирования. ЦЕЛИ: Оценка клинических особенностей, прогрессии заболеваний и реакции БХУ на лечение. МЕТОДЫ: Это одноцентральное ретроспективное исследование всех случаев с кодом BCS ICD-10 G37.5 (BCS) с 1 октября 2015 года по 30 июня 2024 года. Результаты: Мы выявили 14 пациентов БКС (средний возраст 41 (25-60 лет), 12/14 (86 процентов) женщин, 11/14 (83 процента) белых, 3/14 (27 процентов) небелых/испанских), средняя продолжительность болезни которых составляет 5

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Baló's concentric sclerosis (BCS) is a rare autoimmune demyelinating disease with a unique concentric ring-like demyelination pa … ase duration of 5 (2-11) years. None had a pediatric onset. Initial clinical presentations included optic neuritis (8/14 [57%]), brainstem syndrome (4/14 [29%]), and transverse myelitis (3/14 [21%]). 13/14 (93%) had supratentorial typical BCS lesions, and 3/14 (21%) showed infratentorial BCS lesions. Median Expanded Disability Status Scale scores were 2.0 (0 - 6 …

Нейромиелитное расстройство спектра (NMOSD): последние достижения и идеи Тайваня.

Нейромиелитное расстройство спектра (NMOSD), характеризующееся патогномоническим аквапорином-4 иммуноглобулином G (AQP4-IgG) антителом, представляет собой повторное аутоиммунное заболевание, отличающееся от множественного склероза. Существует шесть основных клинических особенностей: оптический неуриит, продольный поперечный миелит (LETM), постремальный синдром, диэнцефалический клинический синдром, острый синдром головного мозга и симптоматический церебральный синдром. Исследования, проведенные на Тайване, показали, что пациенты имеют аналогичные характеристики с азиатским и белым населением,

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), characterized by the pathognomonic aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG) antibody, is a relapsing autoimmune disease distinct from multiple sclerosis. There are six core clinical features include optic neuritis, longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM), area postrema syndrome, diencephalic clinical…

Characteristics of Disease Relapses and Their Relationships with Weather Conditions in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis.

Background: The aim of the study was to analyze the clinical characteristics and circumstances of relapses in the patients with relapsing-re … the least in autumn. The most significant coincidences were found for sensory symptoms in January, optic neuritis in March, motor deficit with pyramidal signs in May and June, cerebellar symptoms in March and July, and spinal cord involvement signs in August. Conclusions: Observation of seasonal occurrence of relapses revealed periods with high temperature, low …

Неознакомление с альтернативными диагнозами у пациентов с клиническими синдромами указывает на наличие множественных склерозов: поперечное исследование будущей группы стран СНГ в Барселоне.

СПРАВОЧНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ: Важно исключить альтернативные диагнозы для диагностики множественных склерозов (МС). Вместе с тем подробное описание альтернативных диагнозов у пациентов, у которых, как подозревается, MS вызывает клинически изолированный синдром (CIS), является ограниченным. ЦЕЛИ: Описание альтернативных диагнозов для пациентов, подающих в СНГ предложения в отношении MS. МЕТОДЫ: Мы провели описательный анализ пациентов из группы стран СНГ в Барселоне, включая лиц в возрасте до 50 лет, с предложением СНГ в отношении MS, но позднее диагностировали другие условия, помимо MS. Мы собрали кл

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: It is essential to exclude alternative diagnoses to diagnose multiple sclerosis (MS). However, detailed descriptions of alternat … 100 (6.8%) were diagnosed with an alternative condition. The most common neurological syndrome was optic neuritis (43.0%). Four patients (4.0%) had inflammatory-demyelinating lesions in at least two typical MS topographies on baseline magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and 2 (2.0%) met the 2017 McDonald MS criteria. The most common etiologies were immune-mediate …

PolySialic Acid Nanoparticles Actuate Complement-Factor-H-Mediated Inhibition of the Alternative Complement Pathway: A Safer Potential Therapy for Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

The alternative pathway of the complement system is implicated in the etiology of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Complement depletion with pegcetacoplan and avacincaptad pegol are FDA-approved treatments for geographic atrophy in AMD that, while effective, have clinically observed risks of choroidal neovascular (CNV) conversion, optic neuritis, and retinal vasculitis, leaving room for other equally efficacious but safer therapeutics, including Poly Sialic acid (PSA) nanoparticle (PolySia-NP)-actuated complement factor H (CFH) alternative pathway inhibition. Our previous paper demonstr…

Case report: Headache as the sole neurological symptom in autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) astrocytopathy.

Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) astrocytopathy is a recently emerging autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS); GFAP astrocytopathy is characterized by optic neuritis and meningoencephalomyelitis. We report the case of a 55-year-old man, otherwise healthy, who presented with isolated headaches for three months, without other features of meningoencephalitis or myelitis. His neurological examination and fundoscopy were unremarkable. Gadolinium-enhanced brain MRI demonstrated increased T2 hyperintensity within the right sub-lenticular basal ganglia, with additional…

Vaccines and the Eye: Current Understanding of the Molecular and Immunological Effects of Vaccination on the Eye.

Vaccination is a public health cornerstone that protects against numerous infectious diseases. Despite its benefits, immunization implicatio … s. We further examined the specific ocular conditions associated with vaccination, such as uveitis, optic neuritis, and retinitis, and discussed the potential impact of novel vaccines, including those against SARS-CoV-2. This review sheds light on the intricate relationships between vaccination, the immune system, and ocular tissues, offering insights into infor …

Case report: Concurrent MOG antibody-associated disease and latent infections in two patients.

OBJECTIVES: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is frequently preceded by infections. The underlyi … ted MOGAD and concurrent latent syphilis infection, manifesting as cervical myelitis and unilateral optic neuritis, respectively. The first patient had been living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy, and the second was concomitantly diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B infection. Upon screening of B cell supernatants, we identified reactivity to MOG or T. pallidum …

Molecular mimicry between Zika virus and central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating disorders: the role of NS5 Zika virus epitope and PLP autoantigens.

BACKGROUND: Evidence indicates a strong link between Zika virus (ZikV) and neurological complications. Acute myelitis, optic neuritis, polyneuropathy, and encephalomyelitis that mimic inflammatory idiopathic demyelination disorders (IIDD) after ZikV infection have been reported in Brazil. OBJECTIVE: The present study aims to investigate the possible occurrence of molecular mimicry between ZikV antigens and Multiple Sclerosis (MS) autoantigens, the most frequent IIDD of the central nervous system (CNS). METHODS: A retrospective cohort study with 305 patients admitted due to suspected arboviru…

Rapid Loss and Recovery of Vision Following Steroid Treatment in Orbital Myositis: A Case Report.

A 65-year-old African American man initially presented to the emergency department complaining of headaches, retro-orbital pressure, decreas … rogress to the point of continued inflammation, enlargement of ocular tissues, ocular ischemia, and optic neuritis. To reverse these symptoms and prevent further progression, a quick diagnosis followed by steroid treatment is imperative.

Probable eculizumab-associated hepatotoxicity in a patient with neuromyelitis optica: a case report.

OBJECTIVES: Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory, autoimmune and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system and is often characterized by attacks of severe optic neuritis and long segment myelitis. Identifying the disease-specific pathogenic anti-AQP4 autoantibody in NMOSD has allowed the development of highly effective disease-modifying drugs in the treatment phase. Eculizumab is a humanized antibody that binds to complement C5 and inhibits the formation of the C5b-induced membrane attack complex. It is approved for treating many diseases in which tissue damage is accompanie…

Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment for acute attacks in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease.

BACKGROUND: The potential therapeutic benefit of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIGs) for acute attacks of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotei … ion was 4 months (range 0-93 months). The most common type of attack treated with IVIG was isolated optic neuritis (ON) (unilateral n = 14, bilateral n = 5, associated with transverse myelitis (TM), n = 1), followed by acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) (n = 8), multifocal (n = 7), TM (n = 3), brainstem (n = 1), and other encephalitis (n = 1). A signifi …