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[Disorders of lactase hydrolysis in patients with ulcerous colitis and irritable colon].

In 28 patients the existence of deficiency in lactase activity was examined indirectly with lactose tolerance test (LTT). Patients were divided in three groups. The first group consisted of 12 patients with confirmed diagnosis of "Irritable-colon syndrome". The second was composed of 6 patients suffering from ulcerative colitis. The third examined group was control group made of healthy persons without any gastrointestinal or metabolic disorders. To exclude the possible of monosaccharide malabsorption, all patients underwent glucose-tolerance test (GTT). Milk tolerance questionnaire was perfor

Enzyme replacement therapy by fibroblast transplantation: long-term biochemical study in three cases of Hunter's syndrome.

We have assessed the effectiveness of transplanted histocompatible fibroblasts as a long-lived source of lysosomal enzymes for replacement therapy in three patients with Hunter's syndrome, over periods ranging from 2.5 to 3.75 yr. The level of Hunter corrective factor excreted by all three patients increased after transplantation, as did the activity of alpha-L-idurono-2-sulfate sulfatase in serum, when measured directly with a radioactive disulfated disaccharide substrate. Sulfatase activity was also raised in leukocyte homogenates from the two patients that we were able to assess. These incr

METABOLISM OF ACID MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES.

The biosynthesis of the acid mucopolysaccharides, hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfuric acid, occurs by way of uridine nucleotides which contain the monosaccharide units of the respective polysaccharides. The mechanism of alternation of groups is as yet unknown. Certain of the acid mucopolysaccharides are covalently bound to protein by way of serine. In the case of the protein-polysaccharide complex of cartilage, there is evidence to suggest that the polysaccharide may be linked to the serine by way of galactose. Chondroitin sulfuric acid B may be isolated almost free of amino acids from th

Molecular-weight fractionation, preliminary structural characterization, bioactivity, and ICP-MS-based biodistribution of Grifola frondosa polysaccharide-derived fractions.

INTRODUCTION: Grifola frondosa is an edible and medicinal mushroom rich in bioactive polysaccharides, but the relationships among molecular-weight distribution, compositional and linkage features, biological activity, and in vivo distribution remain incompletely characterized. METHODS: Polysaccharides from G. frondosa were extracted, purified, and separated into three molecular-weight fractions: PP-1 (>10 kDa), PP-2 (1-10 kDa), and PP-3 (< 1 kDa). The fractions were characterized by total sugar, acidic sugar and protein contents, monosaccharide composition, apparent molecular-weight distribut

Acute Effects of a Glucagon-Like Peptide 2 Analogue, Teduglutide, on Gastrointestinal Motor Function and Permeability in Adult Patients With Short Bowel Syndrome on Home Parenteral Nutrition.

BACKGROUND: Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) agonists decrease the need for parenteral nutrition (PN) in short bowel syndrome (SBS); mechanisms evaluated to date have focused on the intestinotrophic effect of GLP-2 agonists such as increased absorptive capacity of the remnant intestine and increased citrulline levels. Other mechanisms may also play a role in effects of GLP-2 agonists. AIM: To measure effects of a GLP-2 agonist, teduglutide (TED), compared with placebo (PLA) on gastric emptying (GE), overall gut transit, fluid balance, intestinal monosaccharide absorption, and permeability in p

Benzoxaborole-Inspired pKa-Guided Search for a Borine Alternative Uncovers a Borylurea Scaffold with Unique Properties and Reactivity.

The advent of benzoxaborole drugs brought attention to hemiboronic heterocycles as an attractive chemotype, where they can be implicated in … iversification. NMR studies confirmed that it reacts to form complexes with small biomolecules like monosaccharides and ribonucleosides with an efficiency superior to that of benzoxaborole in organic medium, and comparable in aqueous conditions. Altogether, this study underscores the considerable advantage of properties, reactivity, and convenience offered by neu …

Docynia delavayi fruit polysaccharides alleviate DSS-induced ulcerative colitis via oxidative stress suppression in Drosophila model.

This study systematically investigates the polysaccharides from Docynia delavayi fruits, focusing on their extraction, composition, antioxid … were 6.8%, 4.6%, and 1.5%, and protein content was 2.5%, 1.3%, and 1.8%, respectively. The primary monosaccharides of D. delavayi fruit polysaccharides are galactose, arabinose and mannose. In vitro antioxidant assays revealed that DDP-60 showed stronger DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging, whereas DDP-40 had greater ferric reducing power. In a DSS-induced Drosophi …

A glycosaminoglycan-binding LecA-like lectin from Xenorhabdus nematophila: structural and biophysical characterization.

Glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-binding lectins represent a rare class of carbohydrate-binding proteins with the ability to recognize and organize l … electively binds hyaluronan and low-sulfated heparan sulfate, while showing negligible affinity for monosaccharides and galactosylated glycans. GAG binding is mediated exclusively by calcium ions, enabling the reversible crosslinking and precipitation of hyaluronan polymers. Crystal structures of the apo and ligand-bound forms reveal a conserved LecA-like fold wi …

Changes in Components During Quality Formation and Evaluation of Honey-Processed Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. from Different Geographical Origins by Sequential Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry.

To explore the changes in quality formation during the honey-processing of Glycyrrhiza uralensis from six geographical origins, including In … t the need for complex sample pretreatment. Fifteen WSCs (e.g., proline, arginine, serine, glabrol, monosaccharides, disaccharides, and trisaccharides) and twenty-eight MSCs (e.g., liquiritigenin, naringenin, glycyrrhizic acid, glycyrrhetinic acid, and formononetin) were identified within 2 min. Both principal component analysis and partial least-squares discrimi …

Inflammatory bowel diseases and the low-FODMAP diet: benefits and challenges in therapy.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition characterized by periods of exacerbation and remission, during which patients experience a range of gastrointestinal symptoms that negatively impact their quality of life. With the rising prevalence of the Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), new therapeutic approaches, including nutritional strategies, are being sought to support therapeutic treatment. One of dietary strategy under investigation is a diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols diet (LFD), which limits the intake of in…

The Formation of Covalent Linkages in Lignocellulosic Biomass via the Oxocarbenium Intermediate.

Understanding the formation of lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) linkages in lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) is crucial because these interactions contribute to plant recalcitrance. Herein, a new mechanism for LCC linkage formation, based on the formation of the oxocarbenium intermediate, is explored. We applied density functional theory to monosaccharides and monolignol molecules serving as models for LCB. Mannopyranose, xylopyranose, arabinofuranose, and glucopyranuronic acid were used for hemicellulose; p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferyl alcohol, and sinapyl alcohol were employed for lignin. Compu…

Combining a diet rich in fermentable carbohydrates with metformin improves glycaemic control and reshapes the gut microbiota in people with prediabetes.

Metformin efficiently lowers blood glucose levels but leads to gastrointestinal side effects. However, whether dietary interventions can improve metformin tolerability and glucose-lowering efficacy remains unknown. Here we investigate the effects of pretreatment with a diet rich in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs) in combination with metformin on postprandial glycaemia and gut microbiota in people with prediabetes. In a double-blind, randomised, crossover trial, 26 individuals with prediabetes received an isocaloric diet with moderate or low FO…

Hyalase in Dermatology: Applications Beyond Filler Management.

BACKGROUND: Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a key extracellular matrix component in the skin. Hyaluronidase is an enzyme that breaks down HA into monosaccharides. The FDA has approved this enzyme for hypodermoclysis, drug absorption enhancement, and subcutaneous urography. The most common application of this enzyme is the dissolution of HA fillers. AIM: This study aimed to explore the various applications of hyaluronidase beyond its common medical uses. Moreover, we illustrate the mechanism by which this enzyme is helpful in conditions such as drug extravasation, scleroderma, scleromyxedema, and kelo…

Полисиозная кислота сдерживает воспалительное созревание моноцитов.

Сиалистические кислоты широко распределены моносакаридами в центральной нервной системе (СНС), где они в основном встречаются в качестве конечной сиалевой кислоты, а также в ди-, олиго- и полисиалистических формах на гликокаликсе, что в совокупности способствует развитию, устойчивости и долгосрочной целостности СНК. Было продемонстрировано, что для модуляции иммунной реакции иммуноглобулиновых рецепторов (Siglec) с помощью α2,8-связанных полисиаловых кислот, используется сиалистическая кислота, связывающая иммунную реакцию. В этом исследовании мюрин и моноциты человека подвергались воздействию

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Sialic acids are widely distributed monosaccharides in the central nervous system (CNS), where they are predominantly found as terminal sialic acid residues, as well as in di-, oligo-, and polysialic forms on the glycocalyx, collectively contributing to the development, resilience, and long-term integrity of the CNS. Harnessing sialic acid-binding immunoglob…

Metabolic outcomes of Cordyceps fungus and Goji plant polysaccharides during in vitro human fecal fermentation.

This study was to assess the digestion and colonic fermentation of two bioactive polysaccharides, EPS-LM and LBPS, and the subsequent influe … re completely consumed than LBPS and there were also notable differences in consumption of specific monosaccharides and production of specific SCFAs, propionic and butyric acid, and relative abundance of gut bacterial populations between EPS-LM and LBPS group. The results suggest that metabolic outcomes and modulating effects of EPS-LM and LBPS on the gut microbi …

Structural and functional comparisons of salivary α-glucosidases from the mosquito vectors Aedes aegypti, Anopheles gambiae, and Culex quinquefasciatus.

Mosquito vectors of medical importance both blood and sugar feed, and their saliva contains bioactive molecules that aid in both processes. … r docking suggested that the Ae. aegypti α-glucosidase preferred di- or polysaccharides compared to monosaccharides, consistent with enzymatic activity assays. Comparing structural models between the three species revealed a high degree of similarity, suggesting similar functional properties. We conclude that the α-glucosidases studied herein are important enzyme …

Proteomic analysis of Viscozyme L and its major enzyme components for pectic substrate degradation.

Enzymatic degradation of plant biomass requires the coordinated action of various enzymes. In this study, the production of reducing sugars from pectic substrates and sugar beet pulp (SBP) was investigated and compared using commercial enzyme preparations, including M2, pectinase (E1), Viscozyme L (V-L) and L-40. V-L, a cellulolytic enzyme mix produced by Aspergillus sp. was further evaluated as the most robust enzyme cocktail with the strongest SBP degradation ability in terms of the release of monosaccharides, methanol, and acetate from SBP. Mass-spectrometry-based proteomics analysis of V-L…

Xylan from Dinizia excelsa: Chemical characterization and biological activities.

Dinizia Excelsa is an Amazonian tree with a wide range of applications as a raw material in the industry. The objective of this study was to extract, characterize, and evaluate the biological activities of xylan extracted from Dinizia excelsa wood. The xylan was obtained in five stages, including delignification, precipitation, purification, and freeze-drying. The physicochemical analysis of xylan included the determination of monosaccharides, elemental composition, FTIR analysis, 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and the determination of molecular weight. Xylan had an extraction yie…

Exploring plant-based alpha-glucosidase inhibitors: promising contenders for combatting type-2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: This systematic review aimed to provide comprehensive details on the α-G inhibitory potential of various bioactive compounds deri … side hydrolase (GH31) domain. It involves the conversion of disaccharides and oligosaccharides into monosaccharides by acting on alpha (1 → 4) and (1 → 6) linked glucose residue. Once absorbed, glucose enters the bloodstream and elevates postprandial glucose, which is associated with the development of type 2 Diabetes (T2D). Epidemic obesity, cardiovascular disea …

Metal-Organic Frameworks as Formose Reaction Catalysts with Enhanced Selectivity.

The formose reaction is an autocatalytic series of aldol condensations that allows one to obtain monosaccharides from formaldehyde. The formose reaction suffers from a lack of selectivity, which hinders practical applications at the industrial level. Over the years, many attempts have been made to overcome this selectivity issue, with modest results. Heterogeneous porous catalysts with acid-base properties, such as Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), can offer advantages compared to homogeneous strong bases (e.g., calcium hydroxide) for increasing the selectivity of this important reaction. For t…