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Roles of nuclear trafficking in infection by cytoplasmic negative-strand RNA viruses: paramyxoviruses and beyond.

Genome replication and virion production by most negative-sense RNA viruses (NSVs) occurs exclusively in the cytoplasm, but many NSV-express … esponses including the type I IFN system, but the intranuclear roles of structural proteins such as nucleocapsid and matrix proteins, which have critical roles in extranuclear replication and viral assembly, are less clear. Nevertheless, nuclear trafficking of matrix protein has been reported to be critical for efficient production of Nipah virus and Respirato …

Mosaic evolution of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a deadly form of pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus, a viral family responsible for mild respiratory tract infections in a wide variety of animals including humans, pigs, cows, mice, cats, and birds. Analyses to date have been unable to identify the precise origin of the SARS coronavirus. We used Bayesian, neighbor-joining, and split decomposition phylogenetic techniques on the SARS virus replicase, surface spike, matrix, and nucleocapsid proteins to reveal the evolutionary origin of this recently emerging infectious agent. The analyses support …

Antimeasles immunoglobulin G in sera of patients with otosclerosis is lower than that in healthy people.

BACKGROUND: There is some evidence for an inflammatory process as a driving force in otosclerosis. Two popular hypotheses for the induction of this chronic inflammation have been proposed: an autoimmune phenomenon induced by an otic capsule specific antigen and measles virus infection. METHODS: Antibodies against measles virus hemagglutinin, polymerase, nucleocapsid, and matrix proteins were evaluated in sera from otosclerotic patients and in sera from healthy age-and sex-matched controls by use of the Western blot analyses. RESULTS: Significant differences were not detected between healthy …

Virus-like particles in Creutzfeldt-Jakob biopsy material.

In an electron microscopic study of brain biopsy material from 6 patients with Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease, virus-like particles resembling herpes have been seen. These particles were found only in reactive astrocytes. In 2 out of 6 Creutzfeldt-Jacob brain biopsies some profiles were filled with tubular structures resembling the nucleocapsid of paramyxovirus. The findings are compared with other neurological conditions.

Pathology associated with a human case of rabies in the United Kingdom caused by European bat lyssavirus type-2.

Human infection with the rabies-related virus European bat lyssavirus type-2 (EBLV-2) has only been reported on two occasions. Here we report the pathology observed within spinal cord and visceral tissues associated with EBLV-2 infection for the first time. Neuronal labelling with an anti-rabies nucleocapsid monoclonal antibody was observed and appeared indistinguishable from the labelling reported from human infection with rabies virus.

Cut or bind? Antigen-specific processing mechanisms define CD4+ T cell immunodominant epitopes for SARS-CoV-2 S and N proteins.

BACKGROUND: CD4⁺ T cell responses are key to adaptive immunity, yet the mechanisms underlying peptide selection and immunodominance across M … h approaches was validated on curated SARS-CoV-2 epitope data (IEDB) for responses to the Spike and Nucleocapsid proteins across a panel of 11 DRB1 allotypes, covering over 90% of European Caucasian populations. Potential immunogenic regions identified by the combination of both methods enabled the design of minimalistic peptide pools whose performance was val …

SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and associated risk factors in adult outpatients from Western Romania, January to March 2023: a seroepidemiological assessment after three years of COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection may be assessed using serologic tests to determine the presence of specific antibodies. This study evaluated the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibodies and the potential risk factors associated to seroprevalence in adult outpatients from Western Romania. METHODS: We investigated 2089 consecutive adult outpatients for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibodies, by using the Elecsys anti-SARS-CoV-2 electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Study participants were residents of Timis County, Western Romania, who presented for ro…

A graphene FET biosensing platform integrated with Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@Ce-Zr bimetallic MOFs for rapid SARS-CoV-2 detection.

A hybrid biosensing platform was developed for ultrasensitive detection of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein by integrating an antibody-engineered magnetic bimetal-organic framework with a graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) readout. In this design, Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@Ce-Zr MOF particles were prepared and functionalized with an anti-SARS-CoV-2 N protein antibody (AntiE2) to selectively capture the N protein in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). After magnetic enrichment and washing with PBS, the resulting immune complexes were interfaced with a GFET to convert the biorecognition event into an …

Impaired humoral immunity to BQ.1.1 in convalescent and vaccinated patients.

Determining SARS-CoV-2 immunity is critical to assess COVID-19 risk and the need for prevention and mitigation strategies. We measured SARS-CoV-2 Spike/Nucleocapsid seroprevalence and serum neutralizing activity against Wu01, BA.4/5 and BQ.1.1 in a convenience sample of 1,411 patients receiving medical treatment in the emergency departments of five university hospitals in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, in August/September 2022. 62% reported underlying medical conditions and 67.7% were vaccinated according to German COVID-19 vaccination recommendations (13.9% fully vaccinated, 54.3% one boost…

SRPKIN-1 as an inhibitor against hepatitis B virus blocking the viral particle formation and the early step of the viral infection.

New antiviral agents are needed for the treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection because currently available drugs do not completely eradicate chronic HBV in patients. Phosphorylation dynamics of the HBV core protein (HBc) regulate several processes in the HBV life cycle, including nucleocapsid formation, cell trafficking, and virus uncoating after entry. In this study, the SRPK inhibitors SPHINX31, SRPIN340, and SRPKIN-1 showed concentration-dependent anti-HBV activity. Detailed analysis of the effects of SRPKIN-1, which exhibited the strongest inhibitory activity, on the HBV replicatio…

Clinical Evaluation of the Rapid STANDARD Q COVID-19 Ag Test for the Screening of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2.

Standard tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) detect the presence of viral RNA using real-time reverse transcription (rRT)-PCR. Recently, convenient, rapid, and relatively inexpensive SARS-CoV-2 antigen (Ag) detection methods have been developed. The STANDARD Q COVID-19 Ag test (SD Biosensor, Inc., Suwon, Korea) is a rapid immunochromatography test that qualitatively detects the nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 using gold conjugated antibodies. We evaluated its performance in comparison with that of Allplex 2019-nCoV Assay (Seegene, Seoul, Korea) in a retros…

Accurate point-of-care serology tests for COVID-19.

BACKGROUND: As COVID-19 vaccines become available, screening individuals for prior COVID-19 infection and vaccine response in point-of-care (POC) settings has renewed interest. We prospectively screened at-risk individuals for SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid protein antibodies in a POC setting to determine if it was a feasible method to identify antibody from prior infection. METHODS: Three EUA-approved lateral flow antibody assays were performed on POC finger-stick blood and compared with serum and a CLIA nucleocapsid antibody immunoassay. Variables including antibody class, time since PCR…

Intracellular Trafficking of HBV Particles.

The human hepatitis B virus (HBV), that is causative for more than 240 million cases of chronic liver inflammation (hepatitis), is an enveloped virus with a partially double-stranded DNA genome. After virion uptake by receptor-mediated endocytosis, the viral nucleocapsid is transported towards the nuclear pore complex. In the nuclear basket, the nucleocapsid disassembles. The viral genome that is covalently linked to the viral polymerase, which harbors a bipartite NLS, is imported into the nucleus. Here, the partially double-stranded DNA genome is converted in a minichromosome-like structure, …

Характеристика иммунной реакции и защитной эффективности у мышей после иммунизации вирусом " Фера Рифт Вэлли " , построенным CDNA.

СВЯЗАННЫЕ С Скотом и людьми, " Жемчужина долины Рифт " считается одним из самых важных вирусных зоонозов в Африке. Однако никаких лицензированных вакцин или эффективных методов лечения для использования людьми пока не имеется. Интересным подходом являются вакцины от голой ДНК, поскольку вирус является весьма инфекционным, а существующие штаммы вакцины от лихорадки Рифт-Вэлли свидетельствуют о негативном воздействии при испытаниях на животных. В этом исследовании в мышах оценивалась иммунизация генного ружья с помощью CDNA, кодирующего структурные белки вируса лихорадки Рифт-Вэлли. Сп

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Affecting both livestock and humans, Rift Valley Fever is considered as one of the most important viral zoonoses in Africa. Howe … the ability to protect mice against virus challenge. RESULTS: Immunisation with cDNA encoding the nucleocapsid protein induced strong humoral and lymphocyte proliferative immune responses, and virus neutralising antibodies were acquired after vaccination with cDNA encoding the glycoproteins. Even though complete protection was not achieved by genetic immunis …

Vaccination with virus-like particles protects mice from lethal infection of Rift Valley Fever Virus.

Rift Valley Fever virus (RVFV) regularly accounts for severe and often lethal outbreaks among livestock and humans in Africa. Safe and effec … ge virus, whereas in the control animals high RNA levels and increasing antibody titers against the nucleocapsid protein indicated extensive viral replication. Our study demonstrates that the RVF VLPs are highly immunogenic and confer protection against RVFV infection in mice. In the test groups, the vaccinated mice did not exhibit any side effects, and the la …

Cladistic analysis of Tospovirus using molecular characters.

The genus Tospovirus was thought to be composed only of the tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), but now at least four Tospovirus species have been proposed based on serological and molecular data. A classification of tospoviruses has been proposed taking into account global similarities of the N gene and N protein sequences of 7 isolates of Tospovirus. Because phylogenetic analyses based on global similarities can lead to classifications which do not mirror the genealogy of the group, we have employed a cladistic analysis using parsimony of this genus with RNA sequences of 450 nucleotides of the

Ultrastructural insight into SARS-CoV-2 entry and budding in human airway epithelium.

Ultrastructural studies of SARS-CoV-2 infected cells are crucial to better understand the mechanisms of viral entry and budding within host … re tomography showed that the viral membrane was continuous with the apical plasma membrane and the nucleocapsids diluted, compared with unfused virus, demonstrate that the plasma membrane is one site of entry where direct fusion releasing the nucleoprotein-encapsidated genome occurs. Intact intracellular virions were found within ciliated cells in compartment …

Evidence for long-term association of virion-delivered HBV core protein with cccDNA independently of viral protein production.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: HBV persists in the nucleus of infected hepatocytes as a covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) episome that constitutes the template for viral RNA and protein synthesis. Both HBx and HBc (core) viral proteins associate with cccDNA but, while HBx is required for viral transcription, the role of HBc is still unclear. The aim of this study was to determine if HBc derived from incoming nucleocapsid can associate with cccDNA before the onset of viral transcription and protein production. METHODS: Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were performed in native conditions. In addi…

Antiviral Activity of Cinchona officinalis, a Homeopathic Medicine, against COVID-19.

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a potentially fatal disease caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronav … ts of CO exhibited binding potential to various targets of SARS-CoV-2, including Mpro, PLpro, RdRp, nucleocapsid protein, ACE2 (in host) and spike protein. Quinoline, one of the constituents of CO, can potentially bind the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Quinic acid showed better binding capabilities with Mpro, PLpro RdRp, nucleocapsid protein and ACE2 (allosteri …

Molecular mechanisms of stress-induced reactivation in mumps virus condensates.

Negative-stranded RNA viruses can establish long-term persistent infection in the form of large intracellular inclusions in the human host a … formation of a stable replication complex. By obtaining atomic models for the authentic mumps virus nucleocapsid, we elucidate a concomitant conformational change that exposes the viral genome to its replication machinery. These events constitute a stress-mediated switch within viral condensates that provide an environment to support upregulation of viral repl …