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Identification and biochemical characterization of the Anopheles gambiae 3-hydroxykynurenine transaminase.

Spontaneous oxidation of 3-hydroxykynureine (3-HK), a metabolic intermediate of the tryptophan degradation pathway, elicits a remarkable oxidative stress response in animal tissues. In the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti the excess of this toxic metabolic intermediate is efficiently removed by a specific 3-HK transaminase, which converts 3-HK into the more stable compound xanthurenic acid. In anopheline mosquitoes transmitting malaria, xanthurenic acid plays an important role in Plasmodium gametocyte maturation and fertility. Using the sequence information provided by the Anopheles gambiae…

Topology of the membrane-associated hepatitis C virus protein NS4B.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) belongs to the Hepacivirus genus in the Flaviviridae family. Among the least known viral proteins in this family is … the NS4B molecules, most likely by a posttranslational process. Interestingly, NS4B proteins of the yellow fever and dengue viruses also have their N termini located in the ER lumen due to an N-terminal signal peptide not found in NS4B of HCV. A shared topology achieved in two different ways supports the notion of a common function for NS4B in FLAVIVIRIDAE:

The structural determination of an insect sterol carrier protein-2 with a ligand-bound C16 fatty acid at 1.35-A resolution.

Yellow fever mosquito sterol carrier protein (SCP-2) is known to bind to cholesterol. We report here the three-dimensional structure of the complex of SCP-2 from Aedes aegypti with a C16 fatty acid to 1.35-A resolution. The protein fold is exceedingly similar to the human and rabbit proteins, which consist of a five-stranded beta-sheet that exhibits strand order 3-2-1-4-5 with an accompanying layer of four alpha-helices that cover the beta-sheet. A large cavity exists at the interface of the layer alpha-helices and the beta-sheet, which serves as the fatty acid binding site. The carboxylate mo…

Vaccinations for adult solid-organ transplant recipients: current recommendations and protocols.

Recipients of solid-organ transplantation are at risk of severe infections due to their life-long immunosuppression. Despite emerging eviden … in this particular patient population. Specific contraindications exist for other vaccines, such as yellow fever, oral polio vaccine, bacillus Calmette-Guerin, and vaccinia. We conclude that solid-organ recipients will benefit from consistent immunization practices. Further studies are recommended to improve established protocols in this patient population.

Диагноз переносимого клеща энцефалита.

Фактическая диагностика энцефалита, переносимого клещами, должна быть установлена в лаборатории с учетом присущих ей неконкретных клинических особенностей. Методом выбора является демонстрация специфических антител IgM- и IgG-serum с помощью энзимно-иммуносорбирующего анализа (ELISA), поскольку эти антитела обнаруживаются практически во всех случаях во время госпитализации. Раннее начало болезни в цереброспинной жидкости может быть найдено только у 50% пациентов, но к 10-му дню болезни они почти всегда становятся обнаруживаемыми. Если инфекция происходит после и несмотря на то, что после экспо

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The actual diagnosis of a tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) must be established in the laboratory because of the non-specific clinical features … en the IgG ELISA is used. However, in cases of other flavivirus contacts (e.g. vaccinations against yellow fever or Japanese encephalitis; dengue virus infections), the performance of a neutralization assay is necessary for assessing immunity due to the interference of flavivirus cross-reactive antibodies in ELISA and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test.

Prevalence and control of zoonotic diseases: collaboration between public health workers and veterinarians in Burkina Faso.

Zoonotic diseases constitute a public health problem throughout the world, particularly in the tropics, where their control is restricted by … er 31 1997 for the Ministry of Animal Resources. Zoonotic diseases were divided into viral (rabies, yellow fever, HIV infection/AIDS, and measles), bacterial (tuberculosis, brucellosis, and anthrax) and parasitic (cysticercosis, toxoplasmosis, and leishmaniasis). For the period under study, the following diseases were reported by the Ministry of Health, tuberc …

Increase in the size of the amino acid pool is sufficient to activate translation of early trypsin mRNA in Aedes aegypti midgut.

Early trypsin is a female-specific protease present in the midgut of the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti during the first 4-6 h after ingestion of a blood meal. Transcription of the early trypsin gene occurs after adult emergence under control of juvenile hormone, but the transcript remains untranslated before feeding. Early trypsin was in vitro translated using mRNA extracted from midguts of unfed and fed females, indicating that there are not structural features in the early trypsin mRNA that impede translation in vitro. Eight single protein meals exhibiting different molecular weights a…

Towards malaria control: the knowledge of health care providers about mosquito and malaria transmission.

OBJECTIVE: To find out how much health care providers know about the transmission of malaria and the vector. DESIGN: A cross sectional stud … mosquito transmits diseases but quite a few knew the diseases transmitted included malaria (55.3%), yellow fever (16.0%) and elephantiasis (10.7%) respectively. CONCLUSION: The knowledge of the students on the biology of mosquitoes and their role as the malaria vector was poor. The education of the subject on this important endemic disease is advocated to imp …

[The itenerary of a sage].

Paul-Louis Simond was born on 30 July 1858 in the Drôme region of France and completed his medical degree in Bordeaux, having sojourned in G … town. His research covered numerous aspects of tropical pathology and public health. His studies of yellow fever and plague in particular were major landmarks. In 1898 he discovered and demonstrated the means of transmission of bubonic plague--a discovery which took time to be acknowledged and thus deprived him of the notoriety he deserved. By demonstrating th …

[Pseudomembranous colitis: report of four cases].

BACKGROUND: Clostridium difficile is the cause of 25-30% of cases of antibiotic-induced diarrhea. Pseudomembranous colitis is the most dramatic manifestation of C. difficile infection. METHODS: We report four cases of pseudomembranous colitis and review the literature. RESULTS: Three of the four patients, were over 80 years old and had other underlying illnesses. Before they developed colitis, all had received cephalosporins (cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, cefalexine) and one of them also clindamycin. All the patients had severe watery bowel movements, with mucus (one patient had also bloody stool

На пути к борьбе с малярией в Нигерии: качественное исследование, посвященное населению комаров.

Малярия по-прежнему широко распространена во многих тропических странах, и эта болезнь может выжить только в районах, где высока численность комаров и инфицированных людей. Соответствующая информация о видах комаров, их местообитаниях и населении имеет важное значение для планирования профилактических стратегий борьбы с малярией, и поэтому данное исследование. Были исследованы виды москито и их местообитания как в районах с высокой, так и низкой плотностью населения Бенина, штат Эдо, Нигерия. Результаты показали, что наиболее распространенными москитами в Бенине были Culex pipiens fatigans, Ae

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Malaria is still highly prevalent in many tropical countries and this disease can only survive in areas where mosquitoes and infected human … of these various species of mosquitoes is the possibility of outbreaks of infectious diseases like yellow fever, dengue, which some of these mosquitoes are known to transmit. Malaria, though endemic, is also important because of its associated high morbidity and mortality rates. This study provides some useful information on the habitats and species of mosqui …

Virus safety of human immunoglobulins: efficient inactivation of hepatitis C and other human pathogenic viruses by the manufacturing procedure.

Human immunoglobulins are plasma derivatives with a low risk of transmitting viral infections. To the present, no proven case of human immun … he inactivation of the Flaviviridae bovine viral diarrhea virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, and yellow fever virus by pasteurization or S-sulfonation was at least 10(5). The clearance of HCV achieved by the entire manufacturing process of each of these immunoglobulins was also at least 10(5). The experiments therefore show that pasteurization or S-sulfonat …

[Imported malaria in Bordeaux: evaluation of the risk of infection with Plasmodium falciparum as a function of country visited].

This study of imported cases of malaria, which was carried out in Bordeaux (France) in 1987-89, emphasizes the major part played by Plasmodium falciparum, especially in areas lying south of the Sahara in Africa, from where falciparum malaria is mainly imported to other countries. The study of these imported cases is strengthening our understanding of the epidemiology of malaria in relation to the country or area, whether the transmission occurs without interruptions or seasonally. The number of cases of P. falciparum per 1000 travellers (seen for vaccination against yellow fever at Bordeaux) g…

Vaccines produced by conventional means to control major infectious diseases of man and animals.

This chapter reviews the development of some of vaccines and their use in controlling such major diseases as diphtheria, rinderpest, Newcastle disease, smallpox, pertussis, yellow fever, rabies, etc. Park–Williams Number 8 (PW8) strain is used to make diphtherial toxoid for vaccines. As a source of toxin, it is rendered nontoxic by incubation with formalin under alkaline conditions. The product's retention of antigenicity, enabling it to induce antitoxin antibodies, makes it an excellent pediatric vaccine. Vaccine against Rinderpest Virus was developed by Koch in 1897 by administering bile fro…

The association of enhancing antibodies with seroconversion in humans receiving a dengue-2 live-virus vaccine.

A group of human subjects, some with yellow fever (YF) antibodies, volunteered for testing of a live-attenuated dengue-2 (DEN-2) vaccine. Serum samples taken before DEN-2 vaccination were tested for their ability to enhance infection of human monocytes by DEN-2 virus. A significantly greater proportion of enhancing antibodies (Eab) were found in YF-immune (YFI) individuals (50%) as compared to those with no evidence of flavivirus infection (9.5%). Geometric mean titers of neutralizing and hemagglutination inhibiting antibodies to DEN-2 virus in YFI subjects with Eab were fourfold to seven-fold…

Antibody-dependent enhancement of tick-borne encephalitis virus infectivity.

Fourteen mouse monoclonal antibodies raised against tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and polyclonal antisera raised against six other flaviviruses, Edge Hill (EHV), Japanese encephalitis (JEV), Langat (LGTV), louping ill (LIV), West Nile (WNV) and yellow fever (YFV), were tested for their ability to enhance the replication of TBEV in cells of the mouse macrophage-like line P388 D1, and for their reactivity in ELISA and haemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests. Irrespective of their specificity for either the 51K or 58K polypeptide present in TBEV-infected cells, 13 of the 14 monoclonal anti…

Confidence Intervals for a Proportion Estimated From Pooled Samples Based on Firth's Corrected Score.

Interval estimation of a proportion estimated from testing of pooled samples has been studied by a variety of researchers, who have examined … ethods are illustrated using data on West Nile virus infection in field-collected mosquitoes and on yellow fever virus infection in mosquitoes reported in Walter et al. The penalized likelihood approach using expected information is found to unify previously recommended point and interval estimates under one inferential framework. Detailed evaluation of covera …

Maternal instincts: a review of the role of chemosensory cues and larval habitat conditions on oviposition site choice by gravid Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae).

Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti) is a global vector of arboviruses, including those causing dengue, chikungunya, Zika, and yellow fever. Effective management of Ae. aegypti populations remain challenging due to their anthropophilic feeding behavior, their exploitation of urban environments, their complex oviposition behavior, and their egg physiology. The characteristics of larval habitats can influence various aspects of larval development, thereby altering adult physiology and behavior. These include differences in blood-feeding behavior, reproductive capacity, and lifespan. Gravid females select…

Mosquito fauna (Diptera: Culicidae) in an Atlantic Forest remnant urban park and report of Chikungunya virus RNA detection in sylvatic mosquitoes.

Patches of Atlantic Forest within urban areas in Brazil may provide suitable conditions for the establishment of transmission cycles of emer … arboviruses, although the epidemiological significance of this finding remains unclear. No sylvatic yellow fever primary vectors were recorded in this survey.

A multiplex serological survey highlights differences in population immunity to mosquito-borne diseases in Vanuatu, Pacific region, 2023.

OBJECTIVES: Mosquito-borne pathogens are major emerging diseases and a growing public health concern in the Pacific, with occurrences linked … alciparum. Seroprevalence was very rare or absent for West Nile virus, Japanese Encephalitis virus, Yellow fever virus and chikungunya virus. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest silent circulation of RRV, consistent with findings in Fiji and French Polynesia, and confirm ongoing malaria transmission. In a context of climate change and rapid spread of infectiou …