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Full spectrum of vitamin D immunomodulation in multiple sclerosis: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.

Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with the risk of multiple sclerosis, disease activity and progression. Results from in vitro experiments, animal models and analysis of human samples from randomized controlled trials provide comprehensive data illustrating the pleiotropic actions of Vitamin D on the immune system. They globally result in immunomodulation by decreasing differentiation of effector T and B cells while promoting regulatory subsets. Vitamin D also modulates innate immune cells such as macrophages, monocytes and dendritic cells, and acts at the level of the blood-brain barri…

Spatiotemporal gait changes in people with multiple sclerosis with different disease progression subtypes.

BACKGROUND: Gait impairment is common in people with multiple sclerosis (MS), but less is known about gait differences between MS disease progression subtypes. The objective here was to examine differences in spatiotemporal gait in MS and between relapsing-remitting and progressive subtypes during the timed-25-ft-walk test. Our specific aims were to investigate (1) spatiotemporal, (2) spatiotemporal variability, and (3) gait modulation differences between healthy controls and MS subtypes at preferred and fast walking speed. METHODS: This study included 27 controls, 18 relapsing-remitting MS, …

Assisted reproductive technology treatment and risk of multiple sclerosis - a Danish cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the incidence of multiple sclerosis (MS) among women who had undergone assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment with the women who had conceived a child without previous ART treatment. DESIGN: A register-based nationwide cohort study. PATIENT(S): Women with a first ovarian stimulation cycle before in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) (i.e., ART treatment) recorded in the Danish IVF register between 1996 and 2018; and women recorded in the Danish Medical Birth Register with the birth of their first child where date of conception…

Theiler's virus-induced demyelinating disease as an infectious model of progressive multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of unknown etiology. However, several studies suggest that infectious agents, e.g., Human Herpes Viruses (HHV), may be involved in triggering the disease. Molecular mimicry, bystander effect, and epitope spreading are three mechanisms that can initiate immunoreactivity leading to CNS autoimmunity in MS. Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV)-induced demyelinating disease (TMEV-IDD) is a pre-clinical model of MS in which intracerebral inoculation of TMEV results in a CNS autoimmune disease that causes demyelin…

CNS endothelial derived extracellular vesicles are biomarkers of active disease in multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex, heterogenous disease characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Currently, active disease is determined by physician confirmed relapse or detection of contrast enhancing lesions via MRI indicative of BBB permeability. However, clinical confirmation of active disease can be cumbersome. As such, disease monitoring in MS could benefit from identification of an easily accessible biomarker of active disease. We believe extracellular vesicles (EV) isolated from plasma are excellent candidates to fulfill …

Prospective memory in multiple sclerosis: clinical utility of the Miami Prospective Memory Test.

Objective: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that frequently affects cognition. Persons with MS (PwMS) complain of difficulties with prospective memory (PM), the capacity to remember to perform an intended action at the appropriate moment in the future. The objective of this study was to assess the clinical utility of the Miami Prospective Memory Test (MPMT) in detecting PM deficits in MS. The test is brief, easy to administer and accessible, and allows direct comparison between scores on event- and time-based conditions. A secondary object…

Analysis of choroidal vascularity index in multiple sclerosis patients without optic neuritis attack.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the choroidal structural changes in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients without previous optic neuritis (ON) attacks. METHODS: Forty eyes of 20 MS patients without a history of ON and 40 eyes of 20 age-matched healthy volunteers were included in this study. The choroidal thickness (CT) was measured at three points; subfoveal, 1500 µm nasal to the fovea, and 1500 µm temporal to the fovea. Choroidal area (CA), luminal area (LA), and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) were calculated using ImageJ. RESULTS: The mean subfoveal, nasal and temporal CT were decreased in MS patien…

Developmental Eye Movement (DEM) and King-Devick (K-D) Performance in Multiple Sclerosis.

Eye movement disorders have been reported in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) as saccadic disturbances. Several methods have been described for the assessment of saccades, including the K-D and DEM tests. The performance of these tests also involves attention, language, and other brain areas which have been reported to be altered in MS patients. The aim of the study was to determine how developmental eye movement (DEM) and King-Devick (K-D) tests are affected in MS-patients. It was also to analyze whether a resolved episode of optic neuritis (ON) has a negative influence. Subjects with MS…

Multiplex Analysis of Serum Cytokine Profiles in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Multiple Sclerosis.

Changes in cytokine profiles and cytokine networks are known to be a hallmark of autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and multiple sclerosis (MS). However, cytokine profiles research studies are usually based on the analysis of a small number of cytokines and give conflicting results. In this work, we analyzed cytokine profiles of 41 analytes in patients with SLE and MS compared with healthy donors using multiplex immunoassay. The SLE group included treated patients, while the MS patients were drug-free. Levels of 11 cytokines, IL-1b, IL-1RA, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-…

Medication Adherence and Healthcare Utilization in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients Using Teriflunomide.

PurposeMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a costly, immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system. Most patients have relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) for which disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) provide an effective treatment option by reducing relapse rates. However, adherence to DMTs is suboptimal. This study examines the association between adherence to teriflunomide and clinical and healthcare utilization outcomes.Patients and methodsPatients with RRMS who started treatment with teriflunomide between 1/1/2018 and 12/31/2019 were analyzed using IQVIA PharMetrics® Plus data. RRMS patients were…

Initial experience using the Axonics sacral neuromodulation system in patients with multiple sclerosis.

INTRODUCTION: Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is third-line therapy approved for urge urinary incontinence (UUI) and urgency, and nonobstructive urinary retention. Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients often suffer from neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD). The utility of SNM in the MS population is limited by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) incompatibility as routine MRIs to evaluate for disease progression are required. The Axonics System is the first Food and Drug Administration-approved SNM device that is 1.5/3 T full-body MRI-conditionally safe. This study seeks to investigate the …

Machine learning corroborates subjective ratings of walking and balance difficulty in multiple sclerosis.

Machine learning can discern meaningful information from large datasets. Applying machine learning techniques to raw sensor data from instrumented walkways could automatically detect subtle changes in walking and balance. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disorder in which patients report varying degrees of walking and balance disruption. This study aimed to determine whether machine learning applied to walkway sensor data could classify severity of self-reported symptoms in MS patients. Ambulatory people with MS (n = 107) were asked to rate the severity of their walking and balance di…

Effects of Asparagus officinalis on immune system mediated EAE model of multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: About 5 to 10 percent of the population in developed countries are affected by autoimmune diseases. One of the most important autoimmune disease with high prevalence rate is Multiple sclerosis in which there is currently no definitive cure for it, and most medications such as interferons are used only to limit the disease. The present study aims to investigate the effect of using Asparagus Officinalis fractions in an immune system mediated model of multiple sclerosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fractionation was performed by maceration using n-hexane, chloroform, chloroform-methanol (9…

Oral Health Status and Multiple Sclerosis: Classic and Non-Classic Manifestations-Case Report.

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system with neurological and motor symptoms that affect the orofacial region. The aim of this work is to present a patient that lacks the three classic orofacial manifestations but has other less common clinical alterations. CASE PRESENTATION: A 49-year-old female patient diagnosed with long-term relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis visited the dentist complaining of mild but persistent orofacial pain including the temporomandibular joint and pain not specific to any tooth. She presented mucosal irritation, xeros…

Различия в кардиометаболических противоречиях между чернокожими и белыми, живущими с множественным склерозом.

ЦЕЛЬ: Определение различий в ожирении, тип 2 диабет и гипертония у чернокожих пациентов по сравнению с белыми пациентами с множественным склерозом (МС). DESIGN: Межсекционные обзоры базы данных. Крупная база данных научных медицинских центров. Участники: в целом 3191 пациентов (N =3191; 77% женского пола; 34% Черный), идентифицируемый MS-диагностом в медицинской карте. Перерывы: не применяются. ОСНОВНЫЕ МЕРЫ ПО ИТОГАМ: Код диагноза для типа 2 диабет и гипертония. Был собран индекс массы тела, расы, возраста и пола. Для выявления различий в ожирении, диабете и гипертонии между расой и полом был

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
OBJECTIVE: To determine differences in obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension in Black patients compared with White patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). DESIGN: Cross-sectional database review. SETTING: Large academic medical center research records database. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 3191 patient cases (N=3191; 77% female, 34% Black) identified by MS d…

Expert opinion consensus document: management of bladder dysfunction in people with multiple sclerosis.

The neurogenic bladder is associated with an increased risk of urinary tract infection (UTI), which is a leading cause of hospital admission in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) and thus imposes a significant health economic burden on the NHS. The last UK consensus document on the management of the bladder in multiple sclerosis (MS) was published in 2009. This document, based on a consensus panel meeting discussion and literature search, updates that guidance. It presents new, evidence-based recommendations relating to the assessment of the lower urinary tract in PwMS, first- and second-li…

Atypical molluscum contagiosum on multiple sclerosis patients treated with fingolimod: A case report.

Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a skin infection caused by a virus of the DNA poxvirus family that has already been reported by Fingolimod. We report two cases. MC can resist standard therapy and discontinuation of the fingolimod may be the only way to treat it.

Longitudinal stability of JCV antibody index in Natalizumab treated people with multiple sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the evolution of JCV index over time in Natalizumab treated people with multiple sclerosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed antibody index values from pwMS who were treated with Natalizumab for greater than six months and had at least two antibody results available between 2011 and 2019. Survival analysis was performed on those who were JCV index value negative at baseline to evaluate time to seroconversion. In pwMS who had index values available at 48 and/or 96 months post Natalizumab initiation, t-tests were performed to ev…

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy outcomes in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with dimethyl fumarate.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Dimethyl fumarate (DMF), an oral disease-modifying therapy with an established benefit and well-described safety profile, is among the most commonly used therapies for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis. As of 31 December 2021, >560,000 patients have been treated with DMF, representing >1,190,000 person-years of exposure. Of these, 6413 patients (14,292 person-years) were from clinical trials. METHODS AND RESULTS: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) has occurred in the setting of lymphopenia (<0.91 × 109/L) in patients treated with DMF. We present de…