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Быстрое и конкретное обнаружение всех известных вирусов Нипах последовательности с обратной транскрипцией - Loop-Mediad Isotermal Application.

Нипахский вирус (НиВ) является зоонотическим вирусом и может передаваться через зараженную пищу или непосредственно между людьми. NiV классифицируется как агент уровня 4 по биобезопасности не только из-за относительно высокой смертности, но и из-за отсутствия вакцины или других медицинских контрмер, которые, как представляется, передаются фомитами/партизанами. Разработка методов быстрого обнаружения для NiV имеет большое значение, поскольку в настоящее время отсутствуют эффективные полевые испытания. В этом исследовании был разработан метод обратной транскрипции (65 °C) с использованием изотер

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Nipah virus (NiV) is a zoonotic virus and can be transmitted through contaminated food or directly between people. NiV is classified as a Biosafety Level 4 agent, not only because of its relatively high case fatality rate, but also because there is no vaccine or other medical countermeasures and it appears to be transmitted by fomites/particulates. The devel…

Dose-dependant acute or subacute disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei strain NCTC 13392 in a BALB/c aerosol model of infection.

AIMS: The goal of this study was to examine, for the first time, the virulence and pathogenicity of aerosolized Burkholderia pseudomallei, strain NCTC 13392, in BALB/c mice in order to develop an animal model for testing novel medical countermeasures (MCMs) for the treatment of human acute and subacute (a disease state between acute and chronic) melioidosis. METHODS AND RESULTS: BALB/c mice were exposed to varying doses of aerosolized bacteria. Acute disease was seen in animals exposed to a very-high dose (≥103  CFU per animal) and death occurred 3-4 days postchallenge (pc). Bacteria were det…

The De Novo Synthesis of Horsepox Virus: Implications for Biosecurity and Recommendations for Preventing the Reemergence of Smallpox.

In March 2017, the American biotech company Tonix announced that a Canadian scientist had synthesized horsepox virus as part of a project to … ast 40 years by the extreme difficulty of obtaining variola virus and the availability of effective medical countermeasures. The techniques demonstrated by the synthesis of horsepox have the potential to erase both of these barriers. The primary risk posed by this research is that it will open the door to the routine and widespread synthesis of other orthopoxviruses, suc …

Accelerating Vaccine Development During the 2013-2016 West African Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak.

The Ebola virus disease outbreak that began in Western Africa in December 2013 was unprecedented in both scope and spread, and the global response was slower and less coherent than was optimal given the scale and pace of the epidemic. Past experience with limited localized outbreaks, lack of licensed medical countermeasures, reluctance by first responders to direct scarce resources to clinical research, community resistance to outside interventions, and lack of local infrastructure were among the factors delaying clinical research during the outbreak. Despite these hurdles, the global health c…

Prevalence and risk factors of poor sleep quality among Chinese elderly in an urban community: results from the Shanghai aging study.

BACKGROUND: Sleep disorders causes a significant negative effect on mental and physical health, particularly among the elderly. The disease burden and risk factors of poor sleep quality of the elderly need to be verified using a validated form of measurement in urban mainland China. METHODS: This study included 1086 community residents aged ≥ 60 years who completed the Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (CPSQI). Poor sleeper was defined by a CPSQI global score of >5. Subjects also accepted the neurological and neuropsychological assessments, including the Mini-Mental State

Therapeutic effects of hypothermia on Lewisite toxicity.

The cytotoxicity of the arsenical vesicant Lewisite was assessed in first passage cultures of proliferating neonatal human skin keratinocyte … utic relief to Lewisite exposed skin, but that it may also increase the therapeutic window in which medical countermeasures against this vesicant agent are useful.

Long-lasting T cell responses to biological warfare vaccines in human vaccinees.

BACKGROUND: Medical countermeasures against biological warfare include the use of vaccines for anthrax and plague, which require repeated dosing and adjuvant to achieve adequate protection from threats such as inhalational anthrax and pneumonic plague. Despite the widespread use of these measures in preparation for recent military deployments, little is known about the cell-mediated immune response that is induced by these vaccines, in comparison with conventional vaccines, such as pertussis or tetanus-diphtheria vaccines. METHODS: To examine this question, we used cytokine enzyme-linked immu…

Pathology of inhalation anthrax in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis).

Anthrax is considered a serious biowarfare and bioterrorism threat because of its high lethality, especially by the inhalation route. Rhesus … tudy are important for the establishment of an alternative nonhuman primate model for evaluation of medical countermeasures against inhalational anthrax.

[Expert consensus on hot issues in enhanced recovery after surgery perioperative management for gastric cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy (2026 version)].

The concept of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) has been widely applied in the perioperative management of gastric cancer surgery. However, gastric cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy present special pathophysiological characteristics, with a high risk of adverse reactions related to anti-tumor treatment, as well as a higher tendency to develop or exacerbate nutrition-related comorbidities and cardiopulmonary function impairment. It is necessary to refine and optimize the specific protocols of ERAS based on the individual conditions of patients. Nevertheless, clinicians lack a

Achievements and Challenges in Therapy and Vaccines Development of Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers: An Up-to-Date Review.

Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) comprise a heterogeneous group of severe infectious diseases that continue to represent a major global healt … gaps, regulatory challenges, and future priorities for the development of safer and more effective medical countermeasures against VHFs.

Attenuated viral strains of priority pathogens for potential use in controlled human infection model studies: A scoping review.

BACKGROUND: There are several known pathogens and families identified as high risk for pandemic potential. It is essential to study these pathogens and develop medical countermeasures to mitigate disease prior to potential pandemics. Controlled human infection models (CHIMs) using attenuated viral strains may offer an efficient and safe way to do this. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to systematically examine the literature for attenuated, but replication competent, strains of Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) identified priority pathogens (Ebola, Lassa virus, Nipah virus, Rift Va…

Machine learning identifies genes linked to neurological disorders induced by equine encephalitis viruses, traumatic brain injuries, and organophosphorus nerve agents.

Venezuelan, eastern, and western equine encephalitis viruses (collectively referred to as equine encephalitis viruses---EEV) cause serious n … rofiles, common and unique molecular characteristics may be discovered, providing new insights into medical countermeasures (MCMs) for TBI, EEV infection and OPNA neuropathologies and sequelae. In this study, we collected transcriptomic datasets for neurological disorders caused by TBI, EEV, and OPNA injury, and implemented a framework to normalize and integrate gene exp …

A longitudinal MRI and TSPO PET-based investigation of brain region-specific neuroprotection by diazepam versus midazolam following organophosphate-induced seizures.

Acute poisoning with organophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitors (OPs), such as OP nerve agents and pesticides, can cause life threatening cholinergic crisis and status epilepticus (SE). Survivors often experience significant morbidity, including brain injury, acquired epilepsy, and cognitive deficits. Current medical countermeasures for acute OP poisoning include a benzodiazepine to mitigate seizures. Diazepam was long the benzodiazepine included in autoinjectors used to treat OP-induced seizures, but it is now being replaced in many guidelines by midazolam, which terminates seizures more quic…

Differential gene expression and protein-protein interaction network profiling of sulfur mustard-exposed rabbit corneas employing RNA-seq data and bioinformatics tools.

Sulfur mustard (SM) ocular exposure severely damages the cornea and causes vision impairment. At present, no specific therapy exists to mitigate SM-induced corneal injury and vision loss. This study performed transcriptome profiling of naïve, SM-damaged, and SM-undamaged rabbit corneas using RNA-seq analysis and bioinformatic tools to gain a better mechanistic understanding and develop SM-specific medical countermeasures. The mRNA profiles of rabbit corneas 4 weeks post SM vapor exposure were generated using Illumina-NextSeq deep sequencing (Gene Expression Omnibus accession # GSE127708). The …

The kinetic and molecular docking analysis of interactions between three V-type nerve agents and four human cholinesterases.

G and V-type nerve agents represent the most toxic chemical warfare agents. Their primary toxicity was the consequence of the covalent inhibition of the pivotal acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which induces overstimulation of cholinergic receptors and overaccumulation of cholines, eventually leading to death by respiratory arrest. The inhibitory and reactivation kinetics of cholinesterase (ChE) are essential for the toxicology and countermeasures of nerve agents. Medical defensive research on V-type nerve agents (V agents) has been mainly reported on VX and VR. Here we demonstrated the first syst

Reducing Vaccination Disparities During a National Emergency Response: The US Mpox Vaccine Equity Pilot Program.

CONTEXT: In response to the first reported mpox cases in May 2022, the US government implemented plans to bring testing, treatment, and vacc … importance of recognizing and working to eliminate racial/ethnic and other disparities in access to medical countermeasures during a public health emergency. Jurisdictions developed and implemented innovative strategies to bring mpox vaccination and related services to communities disproportionately affected by mpox-including MSM and the subpopulations of Black/African A …

Comparative characterization of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus cell culture systems with application to propagation and titration methods.

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus (CCHFV) is a biosafety level 4 and World Health Organization top priority pathogen. Infection leads to an often fatal hemorrhagic fever disease in humans. The tick-borne virus is endemic in countries across Asia, Europe and Africa, with signs of spreading into new regions. Despite the severity of disease and the potential of CCHFV geographic expansion to cause widespread outbreaks, no approved vaccine or treatment is currently available. Critical for basic research and the development of diagnostics or medical countermeasures, CCHFV viral stocks …

The global epidemiology of chikungunya from 1999 to 2020: A systematic literature review to inform the development and introduction of vaccines.

Chikungunya fever is an acute febrile illness that is often associated with severe polyarthralgia in humans. The disease is caused by chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a mosquito-borne alphavirus. Since its reemergence in 2004, the virus has spread throughout the tropical world and several subtropical areas affecting millions of people to become a global public health issue. Given the significant disease burden, there is a need for medical countermeasures and several vaccine candidates are in clinical development. To characterize the global epidemiology of chikungunya and inform vaccine development, …

Systematic Review of Hospital Treatment Outcomes for Naturally Acquired and Bioterrorism-Related Anthrax, 1880-2018.

BACKGROUND: Bacillus anthracis can cause anthrax and is a potential bioterrorism agent. The 2014 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations for medical countermeasures against anthrax were based on in vitro data and expert opinion. However, a century of previously uncompiled observational human data that often includes treatment and outcomes is available in the literature for analysis. METHODS: We reviewed treatment outcomes for patients hospitalized with anthrax. We stratified patients by meningitis status, route of infection, and systemic criteria, then analyzed survival by …

Natural history of disease in cynomolgus monkeys exposed to Ebola virus Kikwit strain demonstrates the reliability of this non-human primate model for Ebola virus disease.

Filoviruses (Family Filoviridae genera Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus) are negative-stranded RNA viruses that cause severe health effects in humans and non-human primates, including death. Except in outbreak settings, vaccines and other medical countermeasures against Ebola virus (EBOV) will require testing under the FDA Animal Rule. Multiple vaccine candidates have been evaluated using cynomolgus monkeys (CM) exposed to EBOV Kikwit strain. To the best of our knowledge, however, animal model development data supporting the use of CM in vaccine research have not been submitted to the FDA. This stu…