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DIR-visible grey matter lesions and atrophy in multiple sclerosis: partners in crime?

BACKGROUND: The extent and clinical relevance of grey matter (GM) pathology in multiple sclerosis (MS) are increasingly recognised. GM pathology may present as focal lesions, which can be visualised using double inversion recovery (DIR) MRI, or as diffuse pathology, which can manifest as atrophy. It is, however, unclear whether the diffuse atrophy centres on focal lesions. This study aimed to determine if GM lesions and GM atrophy colocalise, and to assess their independent relationship with motor and cognitive deficits in MS. METHODS: Eighty people with MS and 30 healthy controls underwent b…

MEG mapping in multiple sclerosis patients.

AIM: The research over the past decade suggests that multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease due to disorders of the immune system. Since the immune system is regulated by the pineal gland, which exerts immunomodulatory action with the secretion of melatonin and profound effects on electrical activity in the hippocampus, cerebellum and reticular formation structures, we have used magnetoencephalogram (MEG) recordings from MS patients in order to find any differentiation in brain activity in comparison with controls. METHODS: Ten MS patients and 10 controls were included in this study. The measur…

Chronic progressive myelopathy: diagnostic analysis of cases with and without sensory involvement.

Chronic progressive myelopathies occurring in the absence of lesion dissemination continue to present a difficult diagnostic challenge. In the present study 19 patients with progressive myelopathy were evaluated retrospectively. Patients were divided into groups based on the presence or absence of sensory involvement. Thirteen patients had both motor and sensory involvement and only 6 had a pure motor syndrome. Of the 13 patients with sensory involvement seven (54%) had evidence of lesion dissemination and probable MS. Only 1/6 (16%) of those with pure motor syndromes had evidence of lesion di

Viral infection at the blood-brain barrier in multiple sclerosis:--an ultrastructural study of tissues from a UK Regional Brain Bank.

Although viral infections are often invoked as environmental factors in the aetiology and pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) it is only recently that a specific, indirect, cytokine-mediated mechanism for triggering of relapses during viral infections has been demonstrated. It is not yet clear however whether this indirect mechanism can account for all reported viral associations with the aetiopathogenesis of MS. A direct causal role of central nervous system (CNS) viral infection in MS has largely been discounted following repeated failures to demonstrate virus within the oligodendrocyte-…

Breaking the PROMISE: poor association between brain volume loss and clinical disability worsening over 2 years of follow-up in primary progressive multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Phase 2 clinical trials in primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) often use MRI brain volume measures as their primary endpoint. Here, we investigate the longitudinal association between change in MRI outcomes and change in disability over 2 years of follow-up in a large and well-characterised PPMS trial dataset. METHODS: Using the dataset from PROMISE (n=943, mean age of 58.0 years, mean Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) 5.0, and mean disease duration of 10.5 years at baseline), a phase 3 trial of glatiramer acetate in PPMS, we described the change in MRI and disabil…

Siponimod versus placebo in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (EXPAND): a double-blind, randomised, phase 3 study.

BACKGROUND: No treatment has consistently shown efficacy in slowing disability progression in patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS). We assessed the effect of siponimod, a selective sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor1,5 modulator, on disability progression in patients with SPMS. METHODS: This event-driven and exposure-driven, double-blind, phase 3 trial was done at 292 hospital clinics and specialised multiple sclerosis centres in 31 countries. Using interactive response technology to assign numbers linked to treatment arms, patients (age 18-60 years) with SPMS and…

Определение развития инвалидности у пациентов с умеренной и высокой степенью инвалидности в амбулаторных условиях с повторным множественным склерозом с использованием EDS-Plus: перспективное исследование в Аргентине.

Множественный склероз (MS) — хроническое аутоиммунное заболевание, вызывающее повреждение центральной нервной системы. Наиболее распространенным типом является рефлекторный MS (RRMS). Инвалидность в MS может быть вызвана ухудшением (RAW) или продвижением, не зависящим от рецидивной активности (PIRA), влияющим на качество жизни. Широко используется расширенная шкала взносов по инвалидности (СРСС), которая, однако, имеет определенные ограничения. Множественный функциональный состав склероза (MSFC) повышает чувствительность к диагностике движения.ЦЕЛЬ: Анализ динамики инвалидности в подгруппе пац

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease causing central nervous system damage. Relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) is the most common type. Disability in MS can result from relapse-associated worsening (RAW) or progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA), impacting quality of life. The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) is c…

Brain and neural cell type proteomics reveal extracellular matrix proteins enriched in progressive multiple sclerosis.

Progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in humans. PMS is defined by neuroinflammation and axonal damage with advancing neurological disabilities, although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain uncertain. To gain insight into the proteomic aspects of PMS, we used mass spectrometry to investigate proteomic profiles and specific protein changes in matched CNS tissues (white matter, cortex, and lesions) from persons with PMS and age/sex-matched other disease controls (ODCs). These studies were examined further using prot…

SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Multiple Sclerosis: Results of the Spanish Neurology Society Registry.

OBJECTIVE: To understand COVID-19 characteristics in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and identify high-risk individuals due to their immunocompromised state resulting from the use of disease-modifying treatments. METHODS: Retrospective and multicenter registry in patients with MS with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis and available disease course (mild = ambulatory; severe = hospitalization; and critical = intensive care unit/death). Cases were analyzed for associations between MS characteristics and COVID-19 course and for identifying risk factors for a fatal outcome. RESULTS: O…

Gut dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis and the role of spinal cord involvement in the disease.

OBJECTIVES: Bowel and bladder symptoms are highly prevalent in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Bladder dysfunction (affecting 75% of these patients) is caused by disease in the spinal cord, whilst the pathophysiology of bowel dysfunction is unknown. Pathways regulating both the organs lie in close proximity to the spinal cord, and coexistence of their dysfunction might be the result of a common pathophysiology. If so, the prevalence of bladder symptoms should be greater in patients with MS and bowel symptoms. This hypothesis is tested in the study. We also evaluated how patient-reported…

Increased thyroid autoimmunity among women with multiple sclerosis in the postpartum setting.

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients are predisposed to thyroid abnormalities, but the risk for pregnancy-related thyroid pathology among MS patients has not been evaluated. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this research are to prospectively evaluate the prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity among MS patients in relation to pregnancy, and to investigate its impact on pregnancy outcome, postpartum depression and fatigue. METHODS: Forty-six pregnant MS patients underwent repeat testing for serum thyroid antibodies (Abs), clinical evaluation and thyroid hormone measurement. Results were compa…

Does non-invasive brain stimulation improve spatiotemporal gait parameters in people with multiple sclerosis? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes progressive functional impairment, mainly in walking tasks. Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) could influence the motor function and improving gait ability of patients. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to analyze the effects of NIBS (transcranial direct current stimulation [tDCS] or transcranial magnetic stimulation [TMS] on functional locomotion in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). METHODS: A search was conducted for randomized controlled trials published up to November 2023 comparing the application of NIBS versu…

Neurophic Pruritus в качестве прекурсора бредового паразитоза при множественном склерозе: предлагаемый доклад о клинической травме и деле.

Множественный склероз (MS) — хроническое демиелионирующее расстройство центральной нервной системы, связанное с целым рядом нейропсихиатрических осложнений, включая депрессию, беспокойство и когнитивное расстройство. Бредовый паразит является редким и недооцененным проявлением у пациентов с MS. Для него характерно твердое ложное убеждение в заражении паразитами или другими организмами, несмотря на отсутствие подтверждающих медицинских доказательств. В некоторых случаях этому состоянию может предшествовать хронический нейропатический прурит, который может способствовать развитию соматических за

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system that is associated with a range of neuropsychiatric complications, including depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment. Delusional parasitosis is a rare and underrecognized manifestation in patients with MS. It is characterized by a fixed false belief of infestation…

A review of recent studies on the pathogenesis of Systemic Sclerosis: focus on fibrosis pathways.

Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) is a systemic autoimmune disease of unknown etiology characterized by the development of frequently progressive cutaneous and internal organ fibrosis accompanied by severe vascular alterations. The pathogenesis of SSc is highly complex and, despite extensive investigation, has not been fully elucidated. Numerous studies have suggested that unknown etiologic factors cause multiple alterations in genetically receptive hosts, leading to SSc development and progression. These events may be functionally and pathologically interconnected and include: 1) Structural and functi

Cladribine. Ortho Biotech Inc.

Cladribine, an adenosine deaminase inhibitor, has been developed and launched by Ortho Biotech in collaboration with The Scripps Research Institute for the treatment of several neoplasms, including acute myelogenous leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, cutaneos T-cell lymphoma, hairy-cell leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. It was first launched in the US in February 1993. Ortho Biotech and The Scripps Research Institute have since been developing the compound for its potential use in multiple sclerosis (MS). In 1997, Ortho filed air NDA in the US for the use …

High-dose biotin restores redox balance, energy and lipid homeostasis, and axonal health in a model of adrenoleukodystrophy.

Biotin is an essential cofactor for carboxylases that regulates the energy metabolism. Recently, high-dose pharmaceutical-grade biotin (MD1003) was shown to improve clinical parameters in a subset of patients with chronic progressive multiple sclerosis. To gain insight into the mechanisms of action, we investigated the efficacy of high-dose biotin in a genetic model of chronic axonopathy caused by oxidative damage and bioenergetic failure, the Abcd1- mouse model of adrenomyeloneuropathy. High-dose biotin restored redox homeostasis driven by NRF-2, mitochondria biogenesis and ATP levels, and re…

[Novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) and nervous system involvement: pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, organization of neurological care].

Novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, besides affecting the respiratory system, may lead to central and peripheral nervous system disor … coronaviruses on chronic and progressive diseases of the nervous system with particular respect to multiple sclerosis is reviewed. A triage plan for stroke and MS patients during the COVID-19 pandemic, depending on the risk of coronavirus infection, is presented.

Inflammatory mechanisms underlying cortical injury in progressive multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a lifelong inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). While there has been substantial progress in the development of therapeutic strategies for relapsing disease, the field has lagged behind in its understanding and management of progressive stages of the disease, including secondary progressive and primary progressive MS, respectively. It is now thought that distinct but temporally overlapping mechanisms underlie relapsing and progressive aspects of the disease. Relapsing disease is characterized by waves of peripheral immune cell activ…