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The molecular genetics of holoprosencephaly.

Holoprosencephaly (HPE) has captivated the imagination of Man for millennia because its most extreme manifestation, the single-eyed cyclopic newborn infant, brings to mind the fantastical creature Cyclops from Greek mythology. Attempting to understand this common malformation of the forebrain in modern medical terms requires a systematic synthesis of genetic, cytogenetic, and environmental information typical for studies of a complex disorder. However, even with the advances in our understanding of HPE in recent years, there are significant obstacles remaining to fully understand its heterogen…

[Comparative study of the ideas about causes, disease mechanisms and therapies of the plague on the basis of the plague treatises of the Medical Faculty of Paris (1348-1349), of Joannes de Vesalia (after 1454) and of Thomas Montanus (1669)].

The comparison between the consilium of the Faculty of Paris (14th century), and the treatises by Joannes de Vesalia (15th century) and by T … easures against plague that are proposed in the three treatises, do not result from an uncontrolled imagination. Most of these measures have a rational basis and are the result of--although erroneous--concepts with regard to the causes and mechanisms of the disease.

Combined orthodontic and restorative management of oligodontia.

A 14-year-old patient suffering from congenital absence of almost her entire permanent dentition was referred by her GDP. Management of the case required an integrated orthodontic and restorative approach. The authors describe how the imaginative use of a combination of relatively simple techniques achieved a greatly improved dental appearance for the patient.

[Paraneoplastic endocrinopathies].

After the presentation of the definition and of several historical data the present pathophysiological imaginations concerning the problems of the ectopic hormone production are sketched which nowadays not yet have accepted a definitive form. A survey of the at present ascertained paraneoplastic endocrinopathies and several own findings allow a valuation of the significance of these phenomena in practice, taking into consideration the literature.

NYSTAGMUS AS A CRITERION OF HYPNOTICALLY INDUCED VISUAL HALLUCINATIONS.

Hypnotized subjects who report hallucinating a visual situation which would ordinarily elicit optokinetic nystagmus demonstrate nystagmus under these conditions. They and control subjects are unable to feign nystagmus in the waking state, either by imagining the situation or by direct efforts to simulate the eye movements. Thus an objective criterion is provided for the presence of visual hallucinations.

Парадигмы приобретения изображений: в поиске для повышения точности классификации.

В последние годы достижения в области медицины стали очевидными благодаря техническому росту и междисциплинарным исследованиям, которые позволили интегрировать знания, например инженерные знания, в области медицины. Такая интеграция привела к изменениям и новым методам, которые могут применяться в альтернативных ситуациях, выделив, например, аспекты, связанные с посттравматической терапией, множественным склерозом (МС) или лечением травматизма со спиналом Корд (СКД). Одним из методов, которые выделялись и с каждым днем получают все большее признание, является " Brain-Computer Interfaces &

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
In recent years, advances in medicine have been evident thanks to technological growth and interdisciplinary research, which has allowed the … ditional arrow, picture, and video), seeking to improve the accuracy in the classification of motor imagination tasks for naive subjects, which correspond to a MI task for both the left and the right hand. A pipeline and methodology were implemented using the CAR+CSP algorithm to extract the features and simple standard and widely used models such as LDA and …

Recognizable rehabilitation movements of multiple unilateral upper limb: An fMRI study of motor execution and motor imagery.

BACKGROUND: This paper presents a study investigating the recognizability of multiple unilateral upper limb movements in stroke rehabilitation. METHODS: A functional magnetic experiment is employed to study motor execution (ME) and motor imagery (MI) of four movements for the unilateral upper limb: hand-grasping, hand-handling, arm-reaching, and wrist-twisting. The functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) images of ME and MI tasks are statistically analyzed to delineate the region of interest (ROI). Then parameter estimation associated with ROIs for each ME and MI task are evaluated, wher

MI-DAGSC: A domain adaptation approach incorporating comprehensive information from MI-EEG signals.

Non-stationarity of EEG signals leads to high variability between subjects, making it challenging to directly use data from other subjects (source domain) for the classifier in the current subject (target domain). In this study, we propose MI-DAGSC to address domain adaptation challenges in EEG-based motor imagery (MI) decoding. By combining domain-level information, class-level information, and inter-sample structure information, our model effectively aligns the feature distributions of source and target domains. This work is an extension of our previous domain adaptation work MI-DABAN (Li et

Enhanced Motor Imagery Decoding by Calibration Model-Assisted With Tactile ERD.

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we propose a tactile-assisted calibration method for a motor imagery (MI) based Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) system. METHOD: In the proposed calibration, tactile stimulation was applied to the hand wrist to assist the subjects in the MI task, which is named SA-MI task. Then, classifier training in the SA-MI Calibration was performed using the SA-MI data, while the Conventional Calibration employed the MI data. After the classifiers were trained, the performance was evaluated on a common MI dataset. RESULTS: Our study demonstrated that the SA-MI Calibration signifi

EEG characteristic investigation of the sixth-finger motor imagery and optimal channel selection for classification.

Objective.Supernumerary robotic limbs are body augmentation robotic devices by adding extra limbs or fingers to the human body different from the traditional wearable robotic devices such as prosthesis and exoskeleton. We proposed a novel motor imagery (MI)-based brain-computer interface (BCI) paradigm based on the sixth-finger which imagines controlling the extra finger movements. The goal of this work is to investigate the electromyographic (EEG) characteristics and the application potential of MI-based BCI systems based on the new imagination paradigm (the sixth finger MI).Approach.Fourteen…

Beyond body image: what body schema and motor imagery can tell us about the way patients with anorexia nervosa experience their body.

AIM: Recent evidence suggests that the body image disturbance often observed in patients with anorexia nervosa also extends to the body schema. According to the embodiment approach, the body schema is not only involved in motor execution, but also in tasks that only require a mental simulation of a movement such as motor imagery, mental rotation of bodies, and visuospatial perspective-taking. The aim of the present study was to assess the ability of patients with anorexia to mentally simulate movements. METHODS: The sample included 52 patients with acute anorexia and 62 healthy controls. All

Intralobular and Interlobular Parietal Functional Network Correlated to MI-BCI Performance.

Brain-computer interface (BCI) brings hope to patients suffering from neuromuscular diseases, by allowing the control of external devices using neural signals from the central nervous system. However, a portion of individuals was unable to operate BCI with high efficacy. This research aimed to study the brain-wide functional connectivity differences that contributed to BCI performance, and investigate the relationship between task-related connectivity strength and BCI performance. Functional connectivity was estimated using pairwise Pearson's correlation from the EEG of 48 subjects performing

Decoding of Motor Coordination Imagery Involving the Lower Limbs by the EEG-Based Brain Network.

Compared with the efficacy of traditional physical therapy, a new therapy utilizing motor imagery can induce brain plasticity and allows partial recovery of motor ability in patients with hemiplegia after stroke. Here, we proposed an updated paradigm utilizing motor coordination imagery involving the lower limbs (normal gait imagery and hemiplegic gait imagery after stroke) and decoded such imagery via an electroencephalogram- (EEG-) based brain network. Thirty subjects were recruited to collect EEGs during motor coordination imagery involving the lower limbs. Time-domain analysis, power spect

[Significance of and considerations relating to the diagnosis of dissociation].

Dissociation involves a variety of clinical concepts, and some disorders are also similar to but not the same as dissociation. Dissociative disorder is considered to be a pathological phenomenon based on a psychological mechanism. Accurate diagnosis is very important to ensure that patients receive adequate treatment, although such consideration is not unique to dissociative disorder. Accordingly, there is a need to carefully distinguish dissociation from other disorders. In this article, we outline a number of dissociative and dissociative-like states from the symptoms of amnesia, depersonali

Tarasca: ritual monster of Spain.

Let us now revisit our original assumptions. First, we note that for the participants in Hacinas Carnival the Tarasca is a figure of fun and … its very oddness and the resulting "cognitive mismatch" captures people's attention and sparks the imagination, especially that of children (Konner 2002, 222). The Pentecostal beastie combines equine, reptilian, and bird-like features with a giraffe's neck, an elephant's bulk, an impossible number of legs, the usual human malevolence, and the satyr's insatia …

Prospects for gene-engineered T cell immunotherapy for solid cancers.

Adoptive transfer of receptor-engineered T cells has produced impressive results in treating patients with B cell leukemias and lymphomas. This success has captured public imagination and driven academic and industrial researchers to develop similar 'off-the-shelf' receptors targeting shared antigens on epithelial cancers, the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. However, the successful treatment of large numbers of people with solid cancers using this strategy is unlikely to be straightforward. Receptor-engineered T cells have the potential to cause lethal toxicity from on-target recogniti…

Prions and the prion disorders.

One of us remembers sitting in a high school biology class in 1977 being taught about scrapie, a naturally occurring disorder of sheep. The teacher had no particular interest in agriculture, but was pointing out some peculiar characteristics of this disease as a biological curiosity on a wet Friday afternoon. The prion disorders captured the imagination of a range of biologists (including that teacher) well before the epidemic of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and the appearance of a new variant of the human prion disease, Creutzfeldt Jakob disease (CJD), in the UK, because of their ex…

[Comparative-age features of the dynamics of delusional syndromes in the course of paranoid schizophrenia].

The characteristics of the time-course of delirious syndromes in paranoid schizophrenia with the psychotic manifestation in juvenile (under … re of the syndrome consisted of the reduced and chronic forms of delirious perception and delirious imagination with time, ideas of persecution assumed greater prominence in the content of psychosis.

Autogenous regional bone grafting as an adjunct in orthognathic surgery.

Three cases have been presented that demonstrate some ways in which adjacent autogenous bone can be used for grafting in orthognathic surgery. The limitations on the use of such bone are, of course, the amount and type of bone available and the imagination of the surgeon. Cases that require larger quantities or specific types of bone, i.e., cancellous or cortical bone, may dictate use of more distant sites such as the iliac crest or rib. Finally, use of contiguous bone requires careful preoperative surgical osteotomy design and prediction. Known benefits of using adjacent bone are avoidance of…

[Functional imaging of pain: from the somatic response to emotions].

Functional brain imaging in subjects experiencing pain (real, observed or imagined) has led to considerable progress in our understanding of the role of the brain andpsyche in pain integration and control, as well as some forms of somatoform pain with no anatomical basis. This research is challenging not only the dichotomy between the soma and psyche, but also the concept of psychosomatic pain.