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Инфекция Рикитта среди военного персонала, развернутого в северной части Шри-Ланки.

СПРАВОЧНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ: Военный персонал, развернутый на местах, сообщает о частых укусах клещей. Поэтому они могут подвергаться риску воздействия рикетсиальных организмов. МЕТОДЫ: Для оценки риска воздействия рикетсиальных организмов были расследованы две группы военнослужащих, которые были развернуты в полевых операциях в Нотерн-Шри-Ланке. Первая группа была изучена с целью оценки распространенности рикетсиосов, и в ее состав входили военнослужащие, которые были допущены после получения ранений в ходе полевых операций. Вторая группа была изучена с целью выявления случаев острых рикетсиосов в

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Military personnel deployed in field actvities report on frequent tick bites. Therefore they may run the risk of exposure to ric … military uniform most of the time and frequently slept on scrub land, 35/57 (61.4%) had never used insect repellents and none were on doxycycline prophylaxis. 48/57 (84%) had experienced tick bites during field activity. In the second group, there were 49 who presented with acute febrile illness with a mean duration of 8.5 days (SD 3.2). 33/49 (67.3%) were serolog …

Co-infestation by two major pests suppresses phenylpropanoid defense and reprograms volatiles to facilitate stable cohabitation on rice.

Classical ecological theory predicts that herbivorous species are in competition when they share the same host plant, yet in agricultural systems certain pest insects can stably coexist on the same plant, and even perform better when they feed together than if they feed alone. As yet, the molecular mechanisms underlying such collaborative cohabitation have remained unclear. Here we unravel how two major rice pests, the brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens) and the rice leaf folder (RLF, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis), achieve stable cohabitation by jointly suppressing plant chemical defenses.

Assessing the effects of linseed consumption on thyroid hormones and hepatic toxicity in rats drenched with Cordarone overdose.

BACKGROUND: Cordarone, a benzofuranic-derivative iodine-rich medication primarily used for tachyarrhythmias, frequently induces alterations in the peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones, predominantly by inhibiting 5'-deiodinase activity, resulting in elevated serum thyroxine and reverse triiodothyronine (T3) levels, alongside diminished serum T3 concentrations. Overt thyroid dysfunction, which manifests as either Cordarone-induced thyrotoxicosis. Linseed oil or flaxseed oil is a type of oil that comes from seeds. It is one of the oldest oils on the market. Solvent-processed flaxseed oil ha

Ineffectiveness of over-the-counter bait and aerosol insecticide products against field-collected German cockroaches (Blattodea: Ectobiidae).

Over-the-counter (OTC) insecticide products are popular, easily available, and inexpensive do-it-yourself options for home residents. In this study, we investigated the performance of OTC insecticides consisting of bait and spray products against susceptible and field-collected strains of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) (Blattodea: Ectobiidae) using several test methods. In open arena bioassays, all OTC baits tested were ineffective on field-collected German cockroaches. The least effective OTC bait was unable to kill all test cockroaches of any strains at 14 d post-treatment. D

West Nile Virus and Other Nationally Notifiable Arboviral Diseases - United States, 2023.

In the United States, arthropodborne viruses (arboviruses) are primarily transmitted by infected mosquitoes or ticks. Most infections are asymptomatic; symptomatic infections range from mild febrile illness to severe neuroinvasive disease. This report summarizes 2023 data for nationally notifiable domestic arboviral diseases. Forty-eight states and the District of Columbia reported 2,770 human arboviral disease cases, including 2,022 (73%) hospitalizations and 208 (8%) deaths. As in previous years, West Nile virus (WNV) was the most commonly reported domestic arboviral disease in 2023, account

Association between maternal use of spray formulations and offspring urological anomalies: The Japan Environment and Children's Study.

OBJECTIVE: Concerns exist regarding the effects of maternal inhalation of household products on fetal health. This study aimed to clarify the impact of maternal exposure to household products, including spray formulations, on urological anomalies in offspring up to the age of 1 year. METHODS: This study included data from 84 237 children from the Japan Environment and Children's Study, an ongoing nationwide cohort study. Using maternal self-report questionnaires, information on the use of organic solvents, waterproof sprays, insect-repellent sprays, insecticide sprays, and herbicides from imp

Lyme disease prevention: A content analysis of Canadian patient group and government websites.

The quality of information presented on health-related websites-in terms of comprehensiveness, accuracy and consistency-is a public health concern. To date, the consistency of information across Canadian websites devoted to Lyme disease (LD) prevention has not been evaluated. The first aim of this study was to describe the contents and recommendations of LD prevention websites provided by two types of Canadian organizations: government (n = 3) and patient groups (n = 3). A second objective was to analyse the level of convergence among these websites in terms of their prevention-related content

Cutaneous leishmaniasis in British troops following jungle training in Belize: Cumulative incidence and potential risk practices.

BACKGROUND: British soldiers undergoing jungle training in Belize typically experience a relatively low risk of developing cutaneous leishma … ation programme. Compliance with health education advise was also suboptimal, with irregular use of insect repellents, protective clothing / head netting, and insecticide-treated hammocks. CONCLUSIONS: The reasons behind the unusually high numbers of cutaneous leishmaniasis cases and cumulative incidence in 2022 remain unclear, emphasising the need to improve pers …

Knowledge, attitude, and practices towards cutaneous leishmaniasis in referral cases with cutaneous lesions: A cross-sectional survey in remote districts of southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by Leishmania spp. and transmitted by female sandflies. Terrorism … servoir hosts. The use of wood/animal dung as fuel, closeness with reservoir animals, and no use of insect repellents were some of the notable risk factors. CONCLUSION: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is highly prevalent in the study area and a very low level of awareness was reported among the participants. This study necessitates the planning and execution of regulation …

Immediate recall of health issues discussed during a pre-travel consultation.

BACKGROUND: An important role of pre-travel consultations is to improve travelers' understanding of travel-related diseases, but the efficac … iscussion of malaria, 84% rabies, and 76% dengue. For malaria, 95% remembered discussions regarding insect repellents, and 92% recalled that medical advice should be sought if fever developed. For travelers with whom rabies was discussed, 94% recalled that medical advice must be urgently sought following a bite/scratch. For travelers' diarrhea (TD), 99% knew to dri …

Discovery of novel (3E)-4, 8-dimethyl-1, 3, 7-nontriene skeleton analogues as potential herbicide candidates.

BACKGROUND: Natural products and their synthetic derivatives are notable sources for discovering new lead compounds of herbicides. Terpene natural product (3E)-4, 8-dimethyl-1, 3, 7-nontriene (DMNT) has been proven to be able to repel and kill the insects, whereas its other bioactivities have rarely been studied. RESULTS: In this study, we focus on the herbicidal activity of DMNT and its derivatives. A series of oxygen- or nitrogen-containing DMNT allyl derivatives were designed and synthesized as novel herbicide candidates. They were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS spectral analysi

An assessment and characterization of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) within the Great Lakes Basin: Mussel Watch Program (2013-2018).

Defining the environmental occurrence and distribution of chemicals of emerging concern (CECs), including pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in coastal aquatic systems, is often difficult and complex. In this study, 70 compounds representing several classes of pharmaceuticals, including antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, insect repellant, antibacterial, antidepressants, chemotherapy drugs, and X-ray contrast media compounds, were found in dreissenid mussel (zebra/quagga; Dreissena spp.) tissue samples. Overall concentration and detection frequencies varied significantly among sa

West Nile Virus and Other Nationally Notifiable Arboviral Diseases - United States, 2021.

Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are transmitted to humans primarily through the bites of infected mosquitoes or ticks, and in the continental United States, West Nile virus (WNV) is the leading cause of domestically acquired arboviral disease. Other arboviruses cause sporadic cases of disease as well as occasional outbreaks. This report summarizes 2021 surveillance data reported to CDC by U.S. jurisdictions for nationally notifiable arboviruses; the report excludes chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever, and Zika virus disease cases, because these infections were acquired primarily through tr

Pyridostigmine bromide, chlorpyrifos, and DEET combined Gulf War exposure insult depresses mitochondrial function in neuroblastoma cells.

Gulf War Illness (GWI) is defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as a multi-symptom illness having at least one symptom from two of three factors, which include: fatigue, mood-cognition problems, and musculoskeletal disorders. The cluster of long-term symptoms is unique to military personnel from coalition countries including United States, Australia, and the United Kingdom that served in Operation Desert Storm from 1990 to 1991. Reporting of these symptoms is much lower among soldiers deployed in other parts of the world like Bosnia during the same time period. The ex

Epigenome-wide association study for pesticide (Permethrin and DEET) induced DNA methylation epimutation biomarkers for specific transgenerational disease.

BACKGROUND: Permethrin and N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) are the pesticides and insect repellent most commonly used by humans. These pesticides have been shown to promote the epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of disease in rats. The current study was designed as an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) to identify potential sperm DNA methylation epimutation biomarkers for specific transgenerational disease. METHODS: Outbred Sprague Dawley gestating female rats (F0) were transiently exposed during fetal gonadal sex determination to the pesticide combination including Permethrin an

Investigation and Response to an Outbreak of Dengue: Island of Hawaii, 2015-2016.

OBJECTIVES: From September 2015 through March 2016, Hawaii had the largest outbreak of locally transmitted dengue since 1944. We report on the Hawaii Department of Health's (HDOH's) investigation, findings, and response to the outbreak. METHODS: We defined cases of dengue using a modified version of the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists' case definition for dengue virus infections. We conducted epidemiologic investigations, including interviews with case-persons, review of medical records, laboratory testing, genetic sequencing of specimens, and geographic information system (G

Mechanical Vectors Enhance Fungal Entomopathogen Reduction of the Grasshopper Pest Camnula pellucida (Orthoptera: Acrididae).

Mounting scientific evidence indicates that pathogens can regulate insect populations. However, limited dispersal and sensitivity to abiotic conditions often restricts pathogen regulation of host populations. While it is well established that arthropod biological vectors increase pathogen incidence in host populations, few studies have examined whether arthropod mechanical vectors (an organism that transmits pathogens but is not essential to the life cycle of the pathogen) influence host-pathogen dynamics. The importance of mechanical dispersal by ant scavengers, Formica fusca (L.), in a grass

Assessment of chronic inhalation non-cancer toxicity for diethylamine.

A non-cancer inhalation chronic toxicity assessment for diethylamine (DEA, CAS number 109-89-7) was conducted by the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality. A chronic Reference Value (ReV) was determined based on a high-quality study conducted in mice and rats by the National Toxicology Program. Chronic inhalation ReVs are health-based exposure concentrations used in assessing health risks of long-term (i.e. lifetime) chemical exposure. DEA is used industrially as an organic intermediate to produce corrosion inhibitors, and is widely used in rubber, pharmaceuticals, resins, pesticides, inse

Evaluation of the protective efficacy of a transfluthrin-based spatial repellent product to reduce malaria prevalence in Uganda: study protocol for a cluster-randomised double-blinded control trial-the Mossie-GO trial.

BACKGROUND: Progress towards elimination and eventual eradication of malaria is threatened by challenges such as the rise in insecticide resistance and low coverage of existing vector control tools. Spatial repellents offer personal and household protection against biting mosquitoes by disseminating repellents into a given area. The trial described here aims to evaluate the efficacy of an active transfluthrin-based spatial repellent device (Mossie-GO™) against malaria in Uganda, using a placebo-controlled, double-blinded cluster randomised control trial. The study's primary objective is to dem

Schistosomiasis prophylaxis in vivo using N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET).

Topical N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) was studied as a schistosomiasis prophylactic in vivo for the use of individuals with limited exposure. Fifteen subjects, on a 3-week expedition to Lake Malawi in September 2001, applied 50% DEET to their skin after exposure to lake water. No subjects developed evidence of a new infection at 3-month follow-up.