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[The study of diabetes-related behavior status and affecting factors among urban and suburban residents in six provinces in China].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the status of diabetes-related behaviors and affecting factors among urban and suburban residents in China. METHODS: … eferred salty and oily diet, 51.4% had physical examination less than 1 time every year, 29.7% were smokers, and 9.2% often drank. Urban residents spent much more time on sitting (18.2%) than rural residents (8.4%) (P < 0.05), and the rates of lack of physical exercise(52.7%), irregular diet (17.2%), paying no attention to diet control (51.9%), smokers (2 …

Improving adherence to web-based cessation programs: a randomized controlled trial study protocol.

BACKGROUND: Reducing smoking prevalence is a public health priority that can save more lives and money than almost any other known preventive intervention. Internet interventions have the potential for enormous public health impact given their broad reach and effectiveness. However, most users engage only minimally with even the best designed websites, diminishing their impact due to an insufficient 'dose'. Two approaches to improve adherence to Internet cessation programs are integrating smokers into an online social network and providing free nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). Active partic…

Структура потребления табака у больных туберкулезом с высоким уровнем инфицирования вирусом иммунодефицита человека в Южной Африке.

ЦЕЛЬ: больные туберкулезом (ТБ), которые курят табак, подвергаются повышенному риску неблагоприятных последствий лечения туберкулеза. В этом исследовании описываются модели потребления табака среди вновь диагностированных больных туберкулезом, их готовность бросить учебу и их представления о последствиях для здоровья, связанных с табаком, в условиях высокого уровня ВИЧ-инфекции в Южной Африке. Были также определены социально-экономические и демографические факторы, связанные с курением. МЕТОДЫ: Это был межсекторальный анализ базовых данных, собранных для исследования по вопросу о прекращении к

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) patients who smoke tobacco are at an increased risk for adverse TB treatment outcomes. This study describes to … males 37.6%, females 4.6%). By contrast, only 1.8% (35/1918) of all respondents reported being past smokers. Of the current smokers, about half (51.8%, 211/407) had previously attempted to quit, mainly for health reasons. The majority of respondents (89.3%, 1675/1875) believed tobacco smoking was harmful for their health and smokers were highly motivated …

[Smoking enhances the decrease of adiponectin level in patients with coronary artery disease, carriers of MTHFR 677T and PON1 55M alleles].

Decreased adiponectin level, the adipose tissues hormone, is related to high body mass and insulin resistance, which are risk factors for at … e MTHFR 677T allele was also correlated with degree of insulin resistance (r = 0.391; p < 0.05). In smokers, these genetic associations were stronger (r = -0.394; = -0.353; r = 0.440; respectively), which demonstrates, that the negative effects of MTHFR 677T and PON1 55M alleles are enhanced by smoking. Moreover, only in smokers the correlations between a …

Integrating tobacco cessation into mental health care for posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized controlled trial.

CONTEXT: Most smokers with mental illness do not receive tobacco cessation treatment. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether integrating smoking cessation treatment into mental health care for veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) improves long-term smoking abstinence rates. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS: A randomized controlled trial of 943 smokers with military-related PTSD who were recruited from outpatient PTSD clinics at 10 Veterans Affairs medical centers and followed up for 18 to 48 months between November 2004 and July 2009. INTERVENTION: Smoking cessation treatment integrated…

Complications of radiotherapy in laryngopharyngeal cancer: effects of a prospective smoking cessation program.

BACKGROUND: Radiotherapy (XRT) is effective as the primary treatment modality for laryngopharyngeal cancer; however, complications of XRT can result in significant morbidity. Few previous studies have examined the effect of continued smoking on complications of XRT. The authors of this report hypothesized that patients with laryngopharyngeal cancer who successfully quit smoking would have fewer complications of primary XRT. METHODS: All patients with head and neck cancer who were smokers at the time of diagnosis were referred prospectively to the Tobacco Treatment Program (TTP). From this gro…

Air pollution by carcinogenic PAHs and plasma levels of p53 and p21(WAF1) proteins.

We analyzed the effect of exposure to carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (c-PAHs) in ambient air on the plasma levels of p53 and p21(WAF1) proteins among city policemen, bus drivers and controls in three European cities: Prague (Czech Republic), Kosice (Slovakia) and Sofia (Bulgaria). p53 and p21(WAF1) proteins are key regulators of the cell cycle and are accepted as universal markers of genotoxic stress and DNA damage. In total 204 exposed subjects (100 smokers, 104 nonsmokers) and 152 controls (54 smokers, 98 nonsmokers) were analyzed. Personal exposure to c-PAHs was evaluated usi…

Periodontal maintenance in a specialist periodontal clinic and in general dental practice.

OBJECTIVES: To monitor the efficacy of periodontal maintenance whether conducted in a specialist periodontology clinic or in the practice of … id not differ significantly whether subjects were allocated to group A or group B (p>0.05). Current smokers had significantly deeper PD than non-smokers and former smokers at all time points (p<0.05), although otherwise, smoking status did not affect the outcomes of the study. DSR analysis identified statistically non-significant, slight, alveolar bone lo …

Some risk factors for periodontal bone loss in 50-year-old individuals. A 10-year cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this 10-year prospective study of 50-year-old individuals was to analyze the incidence of periodontal bone loss and po … s found to be the strongest individual risk predictor (RR=3.2; 95% CI 2.03-5.15). When including as smokers only those individuals who had continued with the habit during the entire 10-year follow-up period, the relative risk was slightly increased (3.6; 95% CI 2.32-5.57). Subjects who had quit smoking before the baseline examination did not demonstrate a …

Studies of the potential role of the dopamine D1 receptor gene in addictive behaviors.

Abnormalities in the dopaminergic reward pathways have frequently been implicated in substance abuse and addictive behaviors. Recent studies by Self and coworkers have suggested an important interaction between the dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in cocaine abuse. To test the hypothesis that the DRD1 gene might play a role in addictive behaviors we examined the alleles of the Dde I polymorphism in three independent groups of subjects with varying types of compulsive, addictive behaviors-Tourette syndrome probands, smokers and pathological gamblers. In all three groups there was a significant in t…

Prognosis of vibration induced white finger: a follow up study.

OBJECTIVES--To follow up 102 patients with vibration induced white finger (VWF). METHODS--102 subjects with VWF were reexamined one to 13 ye … frequent in subjects with little or no exposure to vibration during the previous two years, in non-smokers, and in subjects without other circulatory diseases than VWF. 32% stated that the frequency of attacks had increased. The aggravation was most notable in smokers and subjects who also had circulatory diseases other than VWF. The number of finger pha …

Passive inhalation of cocaine.

Six healthy male volunteers were exposed to the vapor of 100 and 200 mg freebase cocaine heated to a temperature of 200 degrees C in an unve … rom research staff who assisted in a series of experimental studies with "crack" (freebase cocaine) smokers. The research staff remained in close vicinity while the crack smokers smoked three doses of freebase cocaine (12.5, 25, and 50 mg) over a period of 4 h. As a result, staff members were passively exposed to sidestream smoke from crack pipes and to b …

Cardiovascular disease and vitamins. Concurrent correction of 'suboptimal' plasma antioxidant levels may, as important part of 'optimal' nutrition, help to prevent early stages of cardiovascular disease and cancer, respectively.

Epidemiological surveys provided abundant evidence that under steady-state conditions diets rich in antioxidants (from vegetables/fruits and … amin supplements providing an adequate supply of either vitamins A, C or E, and of beta-carotene in smokers, indicates that steady-state 'optimization' reduces more or less regularly the relative risk of CVD and cancer respectively. Simple counting of multivitamins regardless of their composition did not reveal any risk reduction. The antioxidant-related …

Risk factors for acute myocardial infarction in Copenhagen, II: Smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, obesity, oral contraception, diabetes, lipids, and blood pressure.

The Copenhagen City Heart Study is a prospective cardiovascular population study designed to evaluate incidence of, and risk factors for, ca … aracteristics, some biological traits and disease conditions. An increased risk for first AMI among smokers was graded: the estimated relative risk (ERR) for heavy smokers consuming more than 29g tobacco per day was 2.8 relative to non-smokers. Alcohol intake of five or more drinks per day was associated with a decreased risk, an ERR of 0.6 relative to th …

The impact of passive smoking: cancer deaths among nonsmoking women.

In order to obtain an estimate of the impact of passive smoking on cancer mortality, a retrospective study was conducted examining the cance … ed 25.5% cancer deaths. 4. Age-adjusted data showed similar trends. 5. Cancer death rates for women smokers was 35.5% of the total deaths of women smokers. Public health officials should consider requiring that the workplace be free from tobacco smoke since these data imply that passive smoking has a very detrimental effect upon nonsmokers. Also, smokers …

Drinking and smoking patterns amongst women attending an antenatal clinic--I. Before pregnancy.

This paper provides basic epidemiological data on smoking and drinking patterns before pregnancy amongst 1117 pregnant women attending a Lon … rs were unlikely to drink solely for social reasons. Seventy-seven per cent of the mothers were non-smokers, but the incidence of smoking increased in the higher alcohol consumption bands. The demographic characteristics of the smokers were in marked contrast to those of the heavier drinkers. Smokers tended to be younger, of lower social status and multip …

Selenium in chronic neurologic diseases. Multiple sclerosis and Batten's disease.

The selenium levels in whole blood and the activity of glutathione peroxidase in hematogenous cells of normal Danes have been defined taking … levels assayed with both substrates show a minimum value in the age group from 40 to 50 yr for both smokers and nonsmokers. Smokers did show more homogeneous values as a function of age than nonsmokers. Smokers had significantly lower selenium values than nonsmokers, but glutathione peroxidase values identical with those of nonsmokers. Multiple sclerosis …

Byssinosis, respiratory symptoms and spirometric lung function tests in Tanzanian sisal workers.

ABSTRACT Byssinosis and other respiratory symptoms and acute and chronic changes in FVC and FEV1·0 were investigated in 77 workers in sisal spinning and 83 workers in sisal brushing departments in six Tanzanian sisal factories. Although the prevalence of byssinosis in spinning departments was found to be low (5·2%), it was very high in brushing departments (48·2%). Workers in brushing were exposed to sisal dust for a significantly longer period (11·77 ± 7·3 years) compared to workers exposed to sisal in spinning (2·85 ± 2·56 years). Although the number of smokers in brushing (42%) was similar …

Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy (HPOA) (Pierre Marie-Bamberger syndrome): two cases presenting as acute inflammatory arthritis. Description and review of the literature.

We report the cases of two middle-aged male smokers who presented to the early synovitis clinic with an acute phase response, synovitis of the wrists and ankles and clubbing of the fingers, but no respiratory symptoms. Both proved to have primary lung tumours with hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy, in one case resolving promptly with treatment of the carcinoma. We review the literature, including theories on pathogenesis.

A case of Langerhans' cell histiocytosis of the lung presenting with haemoptysis.

Langerhans' cell histiocytosis of the lung can be part of a multisystem disorder or an isolated disorder. Ninety percent of adult patients with Langerhans' cell histiocytosis of the lung are smokers. This article reports a case of Langerhans' cell histiocytosis presenting with haemoptysis. The diagnostic signs on chest X-ray, high-resolution computed tomography, and histology are highlighted, followed by a short review of the literature.