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Screening red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) for possible viral causes of encephalitis.

BACKGROUND: Next to various known infectious and non-infectious causes, the aetiology of non-suppurative encephalitis in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) often remains unclear. Known causes in foxes imply rabies, canine distemper, toxoplasmosis, Aujeszky's disease, as well as parvovirus, adenovirus, circovirus and flavivirus infections. In this study, particular attention was paid on bornaviruses, since red foxes are predators of bicoloured white-toothed shrews, a reservoir of Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1). In addition, foxes are known to be highly susceptible for viruses of the order Mononegavirale…

Simultaneous detection of eight swine reproductive and respiratory pathogens using a novel GeXP analyser-based multiplex PCR assay.

A new high-throughput GenomeLab Gene Expression Profiler (GeXP) analyser-based multiplex PCR assay was developed for the detection of eight reproductive and respiratory pathogens in swine. The reproductive and respiratory pathogens include North American porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV-NA), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2), swine influenza virus (SIV) (including H1 and H3 subtypes), porcine parvovirus (PPV), pseudorabies virus (PRV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). Nine pairs of specific chimeric primers were designed and used to…

Survey of captive parrot populations around Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, Australia, for psittacine beak and feather disease virus, avian polyomavirus and psittacine adenovirus.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the prevalence of psittacine beak and feather disease virus (BFDV), avian polyomavirus (APV) and psittacine adenovirus (PsAdV) in captive psittacine birds around Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, Australia. METHODS: Samples of fresh droppings were collected from 118 psittacine birds (109 clinically normal and 9 with feather abnormalities) from 11 avaries in different locations and were used for detection of BFDV, APV and PsAdV using PCR. RESULTS: BFDV, APV and PsAdV were detected in 31%, 13% and 4%, respectively, of the specimens tested. One budgerigar was found

Cytokine mRNA expression profiles in lymphoid tissues of pigs naturally affected by postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome.

Fifteen 8-week-old conventional pigs were selected from a farm where pigs were suffering from postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). Ten of the animals were diseased pigs showing typical signs of PMWS (wasting and respiratory disorders) and positive for infection with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), and the other five animals selected as controls were pen-mate, apparently healthy pigs. Blood samples and lymphoid tissues were taken from each animal for haematological, serological and histopathological studies. Also, cytokine mRNA expression of IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, IL…

Assessment of homologous and heterologous PCV2 vaccine efficacy in a PCV2d/PRRSV co-challenge model.

Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) is an economically significant, ubiquitous pathogen affecting the global swine industry. While vaccines have been highly efficacious in controlling clinical disease, questions have arisen in recent years regarding gaps in clinical protection observed in the field due to heterologous PCV2 infection and coinfections with virulent, contemporary porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) isolates. Therefore, this study evaluated clinical, pathological, and immunological differences in homologous and heterologous PCV2 vaccinated pigs co-challenged with P…

Qualitative and quantitative distribution of PCV2 in wild boars and domestic pigs in Germany.

Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2), the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), has been detected in North American and European wild boars at prevalences arguing for high circulation rates among populations. Systematic data on the qualitative distribution of PCV2 infections and on PCVD (PCV2 diseases) in wild boars are rare, however, and quantitative data about viral loads are missing. To be able to judge the PCV2/PCVD situation in wild boars, evaluation of the nationwide qualitative and quantitative distribution of PCV2 and PCVD in Germany was the objective of the pres…

Development and Application of a Duplex Droplet Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for Detection and Differentiation of EP402R-Deleted and Wild-Type African Swine Fever Virus.

African swine fever (ASF) is a highly fatal porcine disease caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), and resulting in huge economic l … mic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine parvovirus (PPV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2)] was identified by this assay. In addition, 44 ASFV-suspicious clinical samples as well as EP402R-deleted ASFV were tested in parallel by duplex real-time PCR and ddPCR, indicative of a higher sensitivity which belonged to the duplex d …

A comparative efficacy test of 1 versus 2 doses of CIRCOQ PCV2 subunit vaccine against naturally occurring PCV2-type d in piglets with high maternally derived antibodies (MDAs) on a Vietnamese swine farm.

The objective of this field trial was to compare the effect of 3 different types of combination vaccines on growth performance in pigs under field conditions. The vaccines compared were: a trivalent vaccine containing porcine circovirus type 2a and 2b (PCV-2a/b); and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae; a mixable bivalent vaccine containing PCV-2a and M. hyopneumoniae; and a ready-to-use bivalent vaccine containing PCV-2a and M. hyopneumoniae. Two farms were selected on the basis of their history of subclinical PCV-2d infection and enzootic pneumonia. A total of 120 pigs on each farm was randomly divided…

Виром Кито: Метагеномический анализ вирусного разнообразия городских потоков столицы Эквадора.

В Кито микробиологическое загрязнение поверхностных вод представляет собой проблему для здоровья населения, главным образом из-за отсутствия очистки сточных вод из городских сточных вод. Загрязненная вода способствует передаче многих инъекционных патогенов благодаря прямому потреблению, сельскохозяйственному и рекреационному использованию. Среди различных патогенов, присутствующих в городских сбросах, вирусы играют важную роль в борьбе с болезнями, будучи, в частности, причинами гастроэнтерита, гепатита, менингита, респираторных инфекций. В этом исследовании анализируется наличие вирусов в сил

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
In Quito, the microbiological contamination of surface water represents a public health problem, mainly due to the lack of sewage treatment … gent viruses identified, of which its pathogenicity remains to be fully clarified, were: Bocavirus, Circovirus, Aichi Virus and Cosavirus. The wide diversity of species detected through metagenomics gives us key information about the public health risks present in the urban rivers of Quito. In addition, this study describes for the first time the presence of …

Investigation on the co-infections of Toxoplasma gondii with PRRSV, CSFV or PCV-2 in swine in part of China.

The objective of the present investigation was to estimate the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection and co-infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) in pigs in China. A total of 372 tissues or serum samples collected from pigs distributed in 9 provinces/municipalities of China during the period from February 2011 to November 2012 were assayed for T. gondii antigens and antibodies using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique, while the PCR was designed for the detection o…

Oral application of freeze-dried yeast particles expressing the PCV2b Cap protein on their surface induce protection to subsequent PCV2b challenge in vivo.

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is now endemic in every major pig producing country, causing PCV-associated disease (PCVAD), linked with large scale economic losses. Current vaccination strategies are based on the capsid protein of the virus and are reasonably successful in preventing PCVAD but fail to induce sterile immunity. Additionally, vaccinating whole herds is expensive and time consuming. In the present study a "proof of concept" vaccine trial was employed to test the effectiveness of powdered freeze-dried recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast stably expressing the capsid protein…

Molecular epidemiology and characterization of goose polyomavirus in China: insights into its impact on hatchability and susceptibility to co-infections.

INTRODUCTION: Goose hemorrhagic polyomavirus (GHPV) is the primary etiological agent of goose hemorrhagic nephritis and enteritis (HGNE), a … yos, but a high co-infection rate of 75% (27/36) was found in GHPV-positive adult geese, with Goose circovirus (GoCV) as the most frequent co-infecting agent (93%). Experimental inoculation showed that Landes goose embryos and their derived primary cells were highly susceptible to GHPV replication, whereas Sichuan White and Sanhua Hybrid geese were not permi …

Development and validation of a quadruplex qPCR assay for simultaneous detection of GPV, GoCV, TMUV, and GAstV-Ⅱ in geese.

Co-infections with multiple viruses are common in geese, complicating clinical diagnosis. Here, we developed a quadruplex TaqMan-probe based qPCR method for the simultaneous detection of Goose parvovirus (GPV), Goose circovirus (GoCV), Tembusu virus (TMUV), and Goose astrovirus Ⅱ (GAstV-Ⅱ). Specific primers and hydrolysis probes were designed targeting the following conserved regions: the VP3 gene of GPV, the Rep gene of GoCV, the E gene of TMUV, and the ORF2 gene of GAstV-Ⅱ, respectively. No cross-reactivity was observed with other common avian pathogens, including Goose paramyxovirus (GPMV),…

Seroprevalences of multi-pathogen and description of farm movement in pigs in two provinces in Vietnam.

BACKGROUND: In Vietnam, lack of animal health information is considered a major challenge for pig production. The main objective of this study was to assess the seroprevalences of five pathogens [porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyo), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and leptospirosis] and to better characterize the farm movements through a survey. RESULTS: A total of 600 samples were collected from 120 farms from Bac Giang and Nghe An. Among unvaccinated herds, the highest seroprevalence was found for…

Nanoparticle-based vaccine development and evaluation against viral infections in pigs.

Virus infections possess persistent health challenges in swine industry leading to severe economic losses worldwide. The economic burden caused by virus infections such as Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus, Swine influenza virus, Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus, Porcine Circovirus 2, Foot and Mouth Disease Virus and many others are associated with severe morbidity, mortality, loss of production, trade restrictions and investments in control and prevention practices. Pigs can also have a role in zoonotic transmission of some viral infections to humans. Inactivated and modified…

Severity of bovine tuberculosis is associated with co-infection with common pathogens in wild boar.

Co-infections with parasites or viruses drive tuberculosis dynamics in humans, but little is known about their effects in other non-human ho … ed in infected animals. In addition, the existence of contacts with other pathogens such as porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV), swine influenza virus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Haemophilus parasuis and Metastrongylus spp, was evaluated by means …

Pathogenicity and molecular characterization of emerging porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in Vietnam in 2007.

In 2007, Vietnam experienced swine disease outbreaks causing clinical signs similar to the 'porcine high fever disease' that occurred in China during 2006. Analysis of diagnostic samples from the disease outbreaks in Vietnam identified porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2). Additionally, Escherichia coli and Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus were cultured from lung and spleen, and Streptococcus suis from one spleen sample. Genetic characterization of the Vietnamese PRRSV isolates revealed that this virus belongs to the North…

Species comparison: human and minipig PBMC reactivity under the influence of immunomodulating compounds in vitro.

Considering the similarities between swine and humans, it is a logical consequence to use swine as a translational model in research and dru … the immunosuppressive compounds on antigen-specific restimulation of pigs immunized against porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2). Treatment with all four compounds resulted in a clear reduction of the proliferative response, with rapamycin showing the strongest effect. In conclusion, our findings indicate that the effectiveness of suppressive compounds is highly depe …

Transcriptomic Investigation of the Virus Spectrum Carried by Midges in Border Areas of Yunnan Province.

Yunnan province in China shares its borders with three neighboring countries: Myanmar, Vietnam, and Laos. The region is characterized by a d … irus (BAV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), Akabane virus (AKV), Bluetongue virus (BTV), Tibetan circovirus (TIBOV), and Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV), all of which are capable, to varying extents, of causing disease in humans and/or animals. The survey sites in this study basically covered the current distribution area of midges in Yunnan pr …

Method to Assess Farm-Level Vaccine and Antibiotic Usage Utilizing Financial Documentation: A Pilot Study in a Commercial Pig Farm in South Africa From 2016 to 2018.

The purpose of the study was to develop a blueprint using financial documentation to describe and quantify vaccine and antibiotic usage (ABU … onia, erysipelas, ileitis, infectious infertility, leptospirosis, neonatal pig diarrhea and porcine circovirus disease. An average of 103 546 vaccine dosages was purchased for ZAR1 302,727 ($ 84,620) per year, whereas the average cost for the procurement of antibiotics was ZAR 907,372 ($ 69,561) per year. The study showed that invoices and monthly statement …