Результаты поиска

Synopsis on the linkage of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease with chronic diseases.

Neurodegeneration is the progressive loss of neuronal structure and function, which ultimately leads to neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis, and Huntington's disease. Even after the recent significant advances in neurobiology, the above-mentioned disorders continue to haunt the global population. Several studies have suggested the role of specific environmental and genetic risk factors associated with these disorders. However, the exact mechanism associated with the progression of these disorders still needs to be elucidated. In…

Current management for epilepsy in tuberous sclerosis complex.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article reviews the most significant advances in the field of epilepsy associated with tuberous sclerosis complex, with emphasis on new advances in the knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms of epileptogenicity, progress in identifying the epileptogenic zone, and the rationale for surgical management in individuals with intractable seizures. RECENT FINDINGS: Advances in our understanding of the mechanisms and genetics underlying infantile spasms and catastrophic epilepsy associated with tuberous sclerosis complex may facilitate more effective interventions. Ear

[Multiple sclerosis and melanoma].

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune progressive demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, mainly in young people. The clinical picture of MS has a variety of neurological symptoms, which manifests itself during periods of exacerbation or progression and stabilizes at the moments of remission. The widespread introduction of new drugs with immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory mechanisms of action has led to the development of special risk management plans for monitoring patients during therapy and preventing adverse events and new comorbid conditions. This article presen…

The beneficial role of autophagy in multiple sclerosis: Yes or No?

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic progressive demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) due to an increase of abnormal peripherally auto-reactive T lymphocytes which elicit autoimmunity. The main pathophysiology of MS is myelin sheath damage by immune cells and a defect in the generation of myelin by oligodendrocytes. Macroautophagy/autophagy is a critical degradation process that eliminates dysfunctional or superfluous cellular components. Autophagy has the property of a double-edged sword in MS in that it may have both beneficial and detrimental effects on MS neuropatholog…

miR-146a is a pleiotropic regulator of motor neuron degeneration.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting motor neurons. Here, we have profiled motor neuron microRNAs (miRNAs) during motor neuron degeneration in vivo to gain a better understanding of ALS pathophysiology. We demonstrate that one miRNA, miR-146a, is downregulated in diseased motor neurons despite upregulation in bulk tissue. Genetic deletion of miR-146a significantly extended survival in SOD1G93A mice with heterozygous animals demonstrating the largest benefit. A corresponding reduction in spinal cord gliosis but not motor neuron loss was observ

Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis With Acute Neurologic Deterioration Secondary to Metabolic Derangements and Medication Effects.

A 73-year-old man with a 33-year history of primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) presented with subacute gait instability, confusion, dysarthria, and severe muscle spasms. Laboratory evaluation revealed severe acute kidney injury and hypercalcemia, while noncontrast brain MRI demonstrated chronic periventricular demyelinating changes without new inflammatory lesions; contrast-enhanced MRI was not obtained. The clinical picture was most consistent with a metabolically driven pseudoexacerbation precipitated by hypercalcemia from prolonged immobilization, nephrotoxic polypharmacy, and su…

When the Brain Grows Old Too Soon: Aging and Senescence as a Driver of MS Progression.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease. While onset usually occurs in young adulthood, older age worsens MS prognosis with accelerated accumulation of disability and higher susceptibility to the progressive form of MS, characterized by continuous symptoms without periods of remission. Treatment responsiveness also declines with age, changing the landscape of available therapies for older patients. Recent work has begun to uncover an accelerated aging and senescence-like phenotype arising in patients with MS and its preclinical animal models. This review…

Residual urinary volume and urinary tract infection, a life threatening illness: a case report.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease that demyelinates the central nervous system causing progressive disability. The urodynamics of MS patients is an important consideration because these patients are susceptible to acute urinary bladder retention associated with a high fever. Treatment should include irrigation using a Foley catheter and an irrigation syringe to remove residual urine and sediment from the neurogenic bladder, intravenous fluid resuscitation, bacteriological analysis of the residual urine, and admission to an Intensive Care Unit for further evaluation by a urolog…

Возрастное распределение прогрессивной многофукальной лейкоэнцефалопатии.

Возрастной состав населения составляет 79 случаев прогрессивной многофукальной лейкоэнцефалопатии, подтвержденной как вирусная инфекция JC. Данные сопоставляются с опубликованным возрастным распределением множественных склерозов в графстве Вестфолд, Норвегия, и с опубликованными данными из Рочестера, штат Миннесота, о возрастной структуре вирусного энцефалита. В отличие от вирусного энцефалита, 61 процент которого приходится на детей в возрасте до 10 лет, в этой возрастной группе PML был выявлен лишь один раз. PHL, как и MS, — болезнь взрослого возраста, достигшая пика в шестом десятилетии жиз

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The age distribution is given of 79 cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy confirmed as JC virus infection. The data are compared with a published age distribution of multiple sclerosis onset in Vestfold County, Norway, and with published data from Rochester, Minnesota of the age distribution of viral encephalitis. In contrast to viral encephali…

Chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the Lewis rat.

Chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (CR-EAE) was induced in rats with an emulsion of guinea-pig spinal cord tissue (GP … is or severe motor deficit, eventually leading to death. CR-EAE in rats showed some similarities to multiple sclerosis in man (MS) and it may be a useful model for the study of this disease.

Psychological aspects of multiple sclerosis and its treatment: toward a biopsychosocial perspective.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, progressive neurological disease that produces demyelination of the CNS nerve fibers. With onset most often in young adulthood, the disease produces a variety of neurological symptoms and follows an unpredictable course characterized by exacerbations and remissions. This article reviews the literature on psychological aspects of MS including early psychoanalytic studies and more current psychosocial research. Literature on the relationship between stress and symptoms, and the extent of cognitive impairment experienced is reviewed. A view of psychosocial ad…

[Myelopathy - Sjogren's syndrome association: analysis of clinical and radiological findings and clinical course].

Myelopathies associated with Sjögren's syndrome has been rarely described especially concerning magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and treatment aspects. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical, laboratory and radiological features of myelopathies occurring in Sjögren's syndrome. Eleven patients were studied, 7 with an acute myelopathy and 4 with a chronic form. Acute myelopathy were clinically severe with a feature of transverse myelitis necessitating immunosuppressive drugs. On the other hand, chronic forms were closely similar to progressive multiple sclerosis (MS), for clinical a…

Normal CSF ferritin levels in MS suggest against etiologic role of chronic venous insufficiency.

OBJECTIVES: Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) has been suggested to be a possible cause of multiple sclerosis (MS). If the presumed mechanism of venous stasis-related parenchymal iron deposition and neurodegeneration were true, then upregulation of intrathecal iron transport proteins may be expected. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional (n = 1,408) and longitudinal (n = 29) study on CSF ferritin levels in patients with MS and a range of neurologic disorders. RESULTS: Pathologic (>12 ng/mL) CSF ferritin levels were observed in 4% of the control patients (median 4 ng/mL), 91% o…

[Medical approach to intraparenchymal spinal cord disorders].

Diagnosis depends on the clinical manifestations, blood or cerebrospinal fluid study and MRI findings. Acute and subacute intraparenchymal s … l cord by bacteria, parasite, or virus. The cause of acute or subacute inflammatory disease include multiple sclerosis, Devic disease, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, SLE, or sarciodosis. Sarcoidosis sometimes requires differential diagnosis with cord tumor. Chronic intraparenchymal spinal cord disorders are due to syringomyelia, familial spastic paraplegia, H …

Изучение роли позитивного образа тела, симптомов депрессии, инвалидности и возраста в принятии болезней у людей с множественным склерозом.

Фон: Множественный склероз (MS) является хроническим нейродегенеративным заболеванием, приводящим к постепенной инвалидности, которая может влиять не только на физическое, но и на психическое состояние пациентов. Психологическая адаптация к этому заболеванию играет важную роль в общей эффективности лечения. Цель этого исследования заключалась в определении изменяемых и немодифицированных корреляций принятия болезни. Методы: Включено в общей сложности 139 белых жителей, имеющих MS (PwMS) (106 женщин). Были использованы данные о принятии шкалы заболеваемости (АИС), шкалы оценки тела (БАС-2) и гр

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, neurodegenerative disease leading to a progressive disability that can affect not only the physical but also the mental state of patients. The psychological adaptation to the illness plays an important role in the general effectiveness of treatment. The study aimed to determine modifiable and nonmodifiable co…

Полуобучение для прогнозирования множественного склероза.

Фон: Множественный склероз (MS) — хроническое аутоиммунное заболевание центральной нервной системы с склонностью вызывать серьезные неврологические расстройства. Точное и раннее прогнозирование прогресса в области НР имеет исключительно важное значение для управления им и его лечения. Методы: В настоящем документе мы сравниваем ряд самомаркированных полуконтролируемых методов обучения, используемых для прогнозирования MS на основе маркированных и немаркированных медицинских данных. В частности, мы сравниваем результаты самоподготовки, СЕТРЕД, совместной подготовки, совместной подготовки с Коми

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system with a propensity to inflict severe neurological disability. Accurate and early prediction of MS progression is extremely crucial for its management and treatment. Methods: In this paper, we compare a number of self-labeled semi-supervised learning methods used …

The existence of phonatory instability in multiple sclerosis: an acoustic and electroglottographic study.

Dysarthria and phonatory symptomatology are often reported by patients suffering from multiple sclerosis (MS), but have been poorly investigated, although related to life quality. The objective of the study was to investigate the phonatory function in MS patients using objective measures. The speech of 64 MS patients and 64 pair-matched controls was recorded and analyzed using electroglottography, a physiological method that measures the electrical conductance during the opening and closing phases of the vibrating vocal folds. Electroglottographic parameters were correlated with clinical and M…

Low-dose gabapentin combined with either lamotrigine or carbamazepine can be useful therapies for trigeminal neuralgia in multiple sclerosis.

AIMS: Primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) is characterized by an increased frequency of glucose tolerance abnormalities associated with insulin resistance. Few studies evaluated the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in pHPT and whether there are differences between asymptomatic pHPT patients and symptomatic ones. Thus, we sought to investigate the prevalence of MetS in pHPT patients in comparison to the prevalence of MetS in Italian population. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review of 294 pHPT patients, of these 154 [age (mean ± SD) 58.7 ± 13.3 yr, body mass ind

Axonal pathology and impaired axo-glial crosstalk as early drivers of neurodegeneration.

Axonal dysfunction is a critical event in neurodegenerative diseases, which can precede neuronal loss. For instance, in multiple sclerosis, chronic demyelination leads to axonal transection and downstream neurological deficits, yet in other neurodegenerative conditions, the causal relationship between axonal pathology and disease progression remains elusive. While defects in axonal transport, cytoskeletal integrity, and organelle trafficking are observed in Alzheimer's disease and the frontotemporal dementia-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis spectrum, a question remains: Are axonal defects merely …

Изучение роли NLRP3 в нейродегенерации: терапезные стратегии и ингибиторы для вырезания эдж.

Инфламасомы, особенно NLRP3, играют ключевую роль в посредничестве нейроинфламмы в таких нейродегенеративных заболеваниях, как болезнь Альцгеймера (AD), болезнь Паркинсона (PD), амиотропический боковой склероз (ALS), множественный склероз (MS) и болезнь Хантингтона (HD). Последние выводы свидетельствуют о том, что активация NLRP3 воспаления в микроглиях и астроцитах приводит к высвобождению провоспалительных цитокинов, включая IL-1β и IL-18, которые способствуют хроническому воспалению и нейронным повреждениям. Этот процесс ускоряет нейродегенерацию и усиливает прогрессию заболеваний. Пробелко

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Inflammasomes, particularly the NLRP3 inflammasome, play a pivotal role in mediating neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis (MS), and Huntington's disease (HD). Recent findings indicate that the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in …