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Bacterial vaginosis in female sex workers in Chennai, India.

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) causes obstetric and gynaecological complications and non-chlamydial/non-gonococcal pelvic inflammatory disease and has been shown to be associated with the risk of acquiring HIV and herpes simplex (HSV)-2 infections. This study investigated both the prevalence of BV and its association with STDs among 582 female sex workers living in Chennai, South India. Blood, vaginal and endocervical swabs were tested for HSV-2, HIV, Treponema pallidum, BV, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoea and Trichomonas vaginalis. The vaginal swabs collected were Gram's stained and ana…

Impact of sexual networks on risk for gonorrhea and chlamydia among low-income urban African American adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether African American adolescents, whose recent sex partners reported having another sex partner, are at increased risk for exposure to genital chlamydial infection or gonorrhea. STUDY DESIGN: A household sample of low-income urban African American adolescents 14 to 19 years of age, up to two of their close friends, and their sex partners were interviewed and tested for gonorrhea and chlamydial infection. RESULTS: Thirty-four of 145 adolescents had at least one recent sex partner infected with Neisseria gonorrhoeae and/or Chlamydia trachomatis. The adjusted model s…

Endometritis does not predict reproductive morbidity after pelvic inflammatory disease.

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the association between endometritis and reproductive morbidity. STUDY DESIGN: Participants were 614 women in the PID Evaluation and Clinical Health (PEACH) Study with pelvic pain, pelvic organ tenderness, and leukorrhea, mucopurulent cervicitis, or untreated cervicitis. We compared women with endometritis (>or=5 neutrophils or >or=2 plasma cells), Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis upper genital tract infection (UGTI) or both to women without endometritis/UGTI for outcomes of pregnancy, infertility, recurrent pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and chron…

Cervical shedding of human T cell lymphotropic virus type I is associated with cervicitis.

Human T cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) is sexually transmitted. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk … .2-3.4). Hormonal contraceptive use (OR 1.7; 95% CI, 0.8-3.6) and concomitant cervical infection by Chlamydia trachomatis (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 0.3-4.3) or Neisseria gonorrhoeae (OR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.6-3.7) were not significantly associated with HTLV-I shedding. Our results suggest that cervicitis may increase cervical HTLV-I shedding and the sexual transmission of this viru …

Midtrimester vaginal Mycoplasma genitalium in women with subsequent spontaneous preterm birth.

OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the midtrimester prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium in women who had subsequent spontaneous preterm birth. STUDY DESIGN: In a prospective study of lower genital tract infections, we identified 127 women who subsequently had spontaneous preterm birth. Vaginal samples were obtained between 21 and 25 weeks' gestation for pH, for bacterial vaginosis Gram stain, and cultures that yielded Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Trichomonas vaginalis. M genitalium was identified by using validated polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers, and the results w…

Pelvic inflammatory disease. From diagnosis to prevention.

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) refers to infection of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and adjacent pelvic structures that is not associated with surgery or pregnancy. PID causes major medical, social, and economic problems worldwide. Long-term sequelae, most notably tubal factor infertility and ectopic pregnancy, are common and extremely costly to the healthcare system. The most important causative micro-organisms are Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and micro-organisms associated with bacterial vaginosis. The clinical spectrum of PID ranges from subclinical endometritis to severe…

Sexually transmitted organisms in sexually abused children.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the prevalence of sexually transmitted organisms and other genital organisms in potentially sexually abused children … was 3.7%: three girls were infected with gonorrhoea, four with Trichomonas vaginalis, and two with Chlamydia trachomatis. One girl had all three infections plus mycoplasmas. Mycoplasmas were identified in 22% of girls swabbed. Of 30 boys swabbed, none yielded a sexually transmitted organism. CONCLUSIONS: There is a low prevalence of definitely sexually transmitted or …

Reactive arthritis in patients attending an urban sexually transmitted diseases clinic.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence, clinical manifestations, associated genital infections, and HLA associations of reactive arthritis (ReA) among patients attending an urban sexually transmitted diseases (STD) clinic. METHODS: Using a standardized questionnaire, 271 consecutive adults, primarily black, with possible or proven Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection were screened for symptoms of ReA. A followup questionnaire was administered 6 weeks later by mail. Patients who reported at least 1 symptom were evaluated by a rheumatologist. HLA-B typing was performed on patients with objectiv…

Cytomegalovirus infection in women attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic.

To evaluate prospectively the relationship between current and past sexual practices and seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) in adult wo … ers of recent sex partners (P = .007), new sex partners (P = .04), and with cervical infection with Chlamydia trachomatis (P = .05). This study confirms that sexual activity is an important determinant of CMV infection in both white and black women; however, the relative contributions of sexual and nonsexual transmission of CMV apparently vary and require further inves …

Incidence of uncomplicated genital infections in women using oral contraception or an intrauterine device: a prospective study.

Over a period of 2 years, the authors prospectively followed a cohort of 123 women using an intrauterine device (IUD) and 108 women using oral contraception (OC) in one family practice. They found nine new episodes of cervical chlamydial infection in OC users (7/100 woman years (WY] as compared to 1 new episode in IUD users (0.8/100 WY), yielding a relative risk (RR) for OC users of 8.8 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3-59.0). During the 24 months of observation, 15% of OC and 2% of IUD users acquired at least one episode of Chlamydia trachomatis infection (P = .01). Bacterial vaginosis occur…

Sexually transmitted diseases and rape: the experience of a sexual assault centre.

Epidemiological data and rates of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are presented from a group of 90 women screened following rape. Forty … osed in 13 (14.4%) women, 3 having mixed infections. Neisseria gonorrhoeae was isolated in 2 women, Chlamydia trachomatis in 7, Trichomonas vaginalis in 6, genital warts in 2 and Pediculosis pubis in 2 women. Five of 16 cervical cytology results showed abnormalities, 2 were suggestive of CIN. Eleven of 13 women with an STD (84.6%) had been sexually active within the 3 …

CD8+ T cell responses recognizing immunodominant Chlamydia antigens fail to protect against infection.

Chlamydia trachomatis (C.t.) causes the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection, yet no licensed vaccine exists. CD4+ T cells are known to protect, while the role of CD8+ T cells is unclear. This study examined whether CD8+ T cells targeting five immunodominant C.t. proteins could protect against infection. Using an in silico approach, we identified six novel CD8+ T cell epitopes from ArtJ, GroES, IncA, OmpH, and major outer membrane protein (MOMP). These epitopes elicited C.t.-specific CD8+ T cells when delivered with the cationic adjuvant formulation 09b (CAF09b) liposomal adjuv…

Associations of non-HPV genital pathogen detection with HPV positivity and cervical findings in women undergoing screening in Xinjiang, China: a retrospective cross-sectional study.

This study examines the associations between various non-HPV genital tract pathogens-including Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uuu), Ureaplasma parvum (Uup1, Uup3, Uup6, Uup14), Mycoplasma hominis (MH), Mycoplasma genitalium (MG), and Herpes simplex virus type II (HSV-2)-and HPV positivity and cervical abnormalities. Furthermore, it examines the co-detection patterns of these pathogens and human papillomavirus (HPV) in relation to cervical cytological and histopathological findings. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted involving 15…

Disseminated Gonococcal Infection Presenting as Septic Wrist Arthritis and Endocarditis.

Disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI) is an uncommon manifestation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection and may rarely involve the endocardi … ting, a negative hepatitis panel, and a negative urine nucleic acid amplification test/PCR for both Chlamydia trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography demonstrated tricuspid vegetation and indeterminate bicuspid aortic valve involvement, while CT angiography confirmed tricuspid vegetations and showed an irregular ascending aort …

From lab to clinic: A portable and automated microfluidic nucleic acid detection instrument for rapid STI pathogen identification.

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) remain a significant global public health challenge. The rapid and precise identification of these pa … or Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), 140 copies/ml for Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU), and 290 copies/ml for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT). Clinical validation revealed exceptional performance in multiplex detection of infected specimens, showing complete concordance (100 %) with standard diagnostic results while maintaining high specificity. These findings highlight the instrumen …

Здоровье мужчин: скульптурные и яичные условия.

Скротальные и яичники страдают доброкачественными массами, инфекциями, яичником и раком яичек. Обычная доброкачественная мошонка включает в себя сперматозодель, вирококель и гидроцелу. Большинство пациентов с такими массами не нуждаются в лечении. Некоторые варкоцелы связаны с ухудшением плодородия, вероятно, из - за повышения температуры мошонки, которое приводит к гипертермии яичек, окислению и снижению сперматогенеза. Пациенты с документально подтвержденной бесплодием или мошоночной болью должны направляться к специалисту по урологии для рассмотрения вопроса о хирургическом лечении. Эпидими

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Scrotal and testicular conditions include benign masses, infections, testicular torsion, and testicular cancer. Common palpable benign scrot … management. Epididymitis and epididymo-orchitis are caused by infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, or enteric bacteria. Antibiotics and supportive measures (eg, scrotal elevation, bed rest) are recommended for management of acute epididymitis. Testicular torsion is a urologic emergency that requires rapid surgical exploration and orchidopexy to …

Sexually Transmitted Infections in Soldiers - A Cross-Sectional Assessment in German Paratroopers and Navy Soldiers and a Literature Review.

INTRODUCTION: The study was performed to estimate the prevalence and determinants of occurrence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in … roportions of diagnosed STIs were 13.9% and 11.3% for paratroopers and navy soldiers, respectively. Chlamydia trachomatis, human papillomavirus, and genital scabies were observed in paratroopers and navy soldiers, while Gardnerella vaginalis, herpes simplex virus, Molluscum contagiosum virus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Trichomonas vaginalis were additionally identified …

The Immunoregulation of Th17 in Host against Intracellular Bacterial Infection.

T helper 17 cells (Th17) constitute a distinct subset of helper T cells with a unique transcriptional profile (STAT3, RORγ, and RORα), cytok … in protective immunity to intracellular bacterial pathogens, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Chlamydia trachomatis, which are one of the most important pathogens that inflict significant socioeconomic burden across the globe. In this article, we reviewed the current literature on the functions and mechanisms by which Th17/IL17 responds to intracellular bacterial …

The value of chlamydial antibody level for predicting tubal blockage among women undergoing hysterosalpingography in Lagos, Nigeria.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection among Nigerian women undergoing hysterosalpingography (HSG) and to identify any correlation between chlamydial antibody levels and a diagnosis of tubal disease. METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1 to June 30, 2013, among women scheduled to undergo HSG in the radiology department of Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Endocervical swabs and serum samples were collected to assess the levels of chlamydial antigen and antibody, respectively. RESULTS: Among 150 participants, 83…

A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Survey of Trachoma among Migrant School Aged Children in Shanghai, China.

We investigated the prevalence of clinical trachoma in 154,265 children aged 6 to 16 years in 206 Shanghai migrant schools. Clean water availability in school, each child's facial cleanliness, eyelids, corneas, and the presenting distance visual acuities were examined. Trachoma was clinically diagnosed in accordance with the World Health Organization simplified classification. Eyes diagnosed with trachoma were swabbed to test for ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infections (OCTI) with a rapid latex immunochromatographic test. Among 153,977 students, no blindness was found related to trachoma. Trac…