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Severe, demyelinating leukoencephalopathy in AIDS patients on antiretroviral therapy.

OBJECTIVES: To describe a severe form of demyelinating HIV-associated leukoencephalopathy in AIDS patients failing highly active antiretrovi … er pathogens, such as JC virus, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, human herpes virus type-8, and herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, was absent. Comparison of the stages of pathology suggests a temporal sequence of events. In this model, white matter damage begins with perivascular infiltration by HIV-infected monocytes, which may occur as a consequence of an …

Расширяющийся спектр герпесвирусных инфекций нервной системы.

Герпесвирусы вызывают различные острые, субакулы и хронические расстройства центральной и периферической нервной систем у взрослых и детей. Могут быть затронуты как иммунокомпетентные, так и иммунокомпромиссные лица. Зостер (шинглы), являющийся результатом возобновления вируса варицелла-зостера (VZV), является наиболее частым неврологическим осложнением. К числу других неврологических осложнений относятся энцефалит, производимый вирусом герпеса I (HSV-1), и менее часто HSV-2, а также VZV и цитомегаловирусом (CMV). Острый менингит виден с VZV и HSV-2 и доброкачественным периодическим менингитом

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Herpesviruses cause various acute, subacute, and chronic disorders of the central (CNS) and peripheral (PNS) nervous systems in adults and c … t neurologic complication. Other neurological complications include encephalitis produced by type I herpes simplex virus (HSV-1), and less frequently HSV-2, as well as by VZV and cytomegalovirus (CMV). Acute meningitis is seen with VZV and HSV-2, and benign recurrent meningitis with HSV-2. Combinations of meningitis/ encephalitis and myelitis/radiculitis are ass …

[Detection of interferon-gamma and IL-6 producing cells in cerebrospinal fluid cells in the central nervous system infectious diseases using immunocytochemistry].

To evaluate the relationship between cytokines and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cells, we detected interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)- … macrophages. However, IFN-gamma-positive macrophages were predominantly seen at the early stages of herpes simplex encephalitis and purulent meningitis. The percent of IFN-gamma positive cells in total CSF cells obtained from the patients with the CNS infectious diseases was 2.3-38.7 as shown in Table 1. The IL-6 positive cells (Fig. 2) were also found early in …

Treatment of pemphigus.

Ninety-eight cases of various types of pemphigus were treated between 1978-1987. Sixty-one cases were pemphigus vulgaris (PV), 22 cases were … 4.67 months except in refractory cases, however, the treatment was continued for at least 3 years. Herpes simplex superimposed infection was more common than herpes zoster infection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

GTPase GBP7 promotes HSV-1 infection by interacting with and activating eEF1A1 to accelerate the protein translation process.

Guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs) are immune GTPases induced by interferons (IFNs) and comprise GBPs1-7. In this study, GBP7, a less studied member of the GBPs, was identified to possess Herpes simplex virus I (HSV-1) promoting effects on replication both in vitro and in vivo. Knockdown of GBP7 or loss of its GTPase activity demonstrated significant antiviral effects. Consistently, GBP7-/- mice infected with HSV-1 showed higher survival and milder symptoms. Mechanistically, we discovered GBP7 directly binds to eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1α1 (eEF1A1), which was validated through i…

HSV-1-Driven Lipid Metabolic Reprogramming and Lipid Droplet Accumulation in Macrophages Impair Antiviral Immunity.

PURPOSE: Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a continuous health challenge, infecting 64% of the global population under the age of 50 years. Macrophages play a critical role in antiviral immunity by integrating metabolic status with effector functions. This study aimed to investigate how HSV-1 infection reshapes macrophage metabolism and to elucidate the consequent effects on innate and adaptive immune regulation. METHODS: We isolated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and assessed HSV-1-induced metabolic alterations using transcriptome sequencing, metabolomic profiling, and flow cyt…

Viral genome editing methods and applications in the CRISPR era.

CRISPR-Cas systems have transformed viral genetics by enabling precise and efficient manipulation of large DNA virus genomes. This review pr … clone selection, genotypic validation, and phenotypic confirmation are summarized. Case studies in herpes simplex virus type 1 and human cytomegalovirus illustrate how optimized CRISPR designs achieve reproducible, scarless knock-ins and conditional gene manipulation at essential loci without complementing cell lines. Together, these approaches establish CRISPR …

Therapeutic, preventive, and pathogenetic advances in viral hepatitis.

Viral hepatitis and associated liver injury represent a major global public health concern, capable of progressing to chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. This review systematically summarizes classic hepatotropic viruses-including hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis A virus (HAV)-as well as atypical liver-injury pathogens such as hepatitis E virus (HEV), hepatitis D virus (HDV), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), and yellow fever virus, with respect to their molecular biological characteris…

Sensory neuron production of substance P and TAFA4 promotes disease tolerance during viral infection.

Host resistance to infection relies on coordinated interactions between the immune and nervous systems. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this cross-regulation remain unclear, particularly during viral infections. We have shown that herpes simplex virus type 1 directly activates sensory neurons, inducing production of the neuropeptide substance P (SP) and the neurokine TAFA4. These mediators played independent, tissue-specific immunoregulatory functions in the skin and dorsal root ganglia (DRGs), the main sites of viral replication. In the skin, the SP produced by transient receptor…

Logic-Gated HSV-TK/GCV Suicide Gene Circuit for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains a major clinical challenge, owing to its molecular complexity, therapeutic resistance, and lack of specific druggable targets. The herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir (HSV-TK/GCV) suicide gene therapy system has shown promise in cancer treatment, but its clinical applicability is limited by off-target cytotoxicity. Here, we developed a breast cancer-specific suicide gene circuit (BRAS) that integrates the screened cancer-specific promoters RRM2 and MAFK with a microRNA specific to nontumor cells, utilizing the distinct molecular profil…

Mycoplasma-induced Rash and Mucositis: A Distinct Pediatric Entity from India.

Mycoplasma-induced rash and mucositis (MIRM) is a recently recognized mucocutaneous disorder, often misdiagnosed as Stevens-Johnson syndrome … ngs showed leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, and positive Mycoplasma pneumoniae Immunoglobulin M, while Herpes simplex virus polymerase chain reaction was negative. Histopathology revealed liquefactive necrosis with lymphohistiocytic infiltrates. Despite intravenous antibiotics, antivirals, and immunoglobulin, there was no improvement until pulse methylprednisolone …

Nanomedicine in maternal viral infections: advancing prenatal therapies for fetal protection.

Viral infections during pregnancy can lead to several adverse outcomes, including miscarriage, stillbirth, intrauterine growth restriction, and neonatal complications, which may manifest congenital malformations and organ dysfunction. Infants who exhibit symptoms following maternal infection tend to have poorer health outcomes compared to their asymptomatic counterparts. Various viruses are known to cause birth defects, with the most common being cytomegalovirus (CMV), rubella virus, hepatitis B and C viruses, herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2, human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), Zika virus, and human i…

Case Report: Epilepsy-related pure word deafness in the elderly: an underreported presentation?

We describe a rare case of epilepsy-related PWD in the elderly. A 61-year-old right-handed man presented with status epilepticus. Although electroencephalogram revealed no epileptiform discharges, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed hyperintensity in the left temporoparietal lobe and thalamic pulvinar on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Cerebrospinal fluid revealed no pleocytosis and negative PCR results for herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus. Following the recovery of consciousness, he exhibited a profound dissociation between auditory and speech/language modalities: h…

Viral etiology of adult encephalitis in Egypt: the role of West Nile Virus.

BACKGROUND: West Nile Virus (WNV) is a neurotropic virus in the Orthoflavivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family that typically causes asymp … ed positive for WNV IgM in serum and/or CSF, and one patient tested positive for WNV RT-PCR in CSF. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) (4%) and BK virus (4%) were also identified using real-time PCR. CONCLUSIONS: West Nile virus should be recognized as a potential cause of encephalitis in Egypt. Routine testing for WNV in encephalitis investigations is recommended to im …

Prefusion structure, evasion and neutralization of HSV-1 glycoprotein B.

Glycoprotein B (gB) refolds between prefusion and postfusion conformations to facilitate herpesvirus entry into host cells. However, the isolation of prefusion-specific neutralizing antibodies, effective against other viral entry machines, has been challenging. Here we describe stabilization of the prefusion gB ectodomain from herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), determine ectodomain structures at 2.9- to 4.1-Å resolution using cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and isolate a prefusion-specific gB-neutralizing antibody termed WS.HSV-1.24. Murine immunization with gB stabilized in the prefusion…

Human cytomegalovirus induces neuronal gene expression through IE1 for viral maturation.

Viral invasion of the host cell causes some of the most dramatic changes in biology. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) extensively remodels host cells, altering nuclear shape and generating a cytoplasmic viral-induced assembly compartment (vIAC). How these striking morphology changes occur in the context of host gene regulation is still emerging. Histone variant macroH2A1 is both important for maintaining nuclear integrity and functions to promote herpes simplex virus infection. Therefore, we hypothesized it may also function in cytomegalovirus infection. Here, we discovered that macroH2A1 is neces…

Recurrent severe viral infection in a child with inherited complete TBK1 deficiency.

TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) acts at the crossroads of various host immune pathways. Autosomal dominant (AD) and recessive (AR) TBK1 deficiencies have been reported in human patients with herpes simplex encephalitis and SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia (AD deficiency) or systemic inflammation (AR deficiency). We describe here a Turkish boy, born to consanguineous parents and homozygous for a loss-of-function mutation of TBK1, who had experienced recurrent vesicular skin eruptions presumably triggered by herpesviral infection and five episodes of viral pneumonia since the age of 2 mo. Whole-exome sequencin…

Elsberg Syndrome: An Overlooked But Treatable Cause of Back Pain.

INTRODUCTION: Elsberg syndrome is an uncommon cause of lumbosacral radiculitis that presents as a constellation of symptoms, including urinary retention, bowel incontinence, severe constipation, impotence, and saddle anesthesia. CASE PRESENTATION: A 32-year-old female presented to the emergency department with complaints of bilateral leg pain and urinary retention. Two weeks prior, she noticed new genital lesions and had a positive nucleic acid amplification test for herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2. Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine showed extraforaminal enhancement and edema-l…

Antiherpetic Activity of a Root Exudate from Solanum lycopersicum.

The rise of drug resistance to antivirals poses a significant global concern for public health; therefore, there is a pressing need to ident … um exhibits remarkable efficacy against prominent members of the family Herpesviridae, specifically herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) (EC50 25.57 µg/mL, SI > 15.64) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) (EC50 9.17 µg/mL, SI 32.28) by inhibiting a molecular event during the herpesvirus replication phase. Moreover, the phytochemical fingerprint of the Solanum lycoper …

Therapeutic vaccines for herpesviruses.

Herpesviruses establish latent infections, and most reactivate frequently, resulting in symptoms and virus shedding in healthy individuals. … rapeutic vaccine for certain viruses. This Review summarizes the status of therapeutic vaccines for herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus and proposes approaches for future development.