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[Metagenomic analysis for central nervous system infections: clinical utility and future directions].

Encephalitis and meningitis are neurological emergencies in which delayed diagnosis may lead to severe neurological sequelae, necessitating accurate and rapid etiological identification. In recent years, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), which enables comprehensive analysis of microbial genomes without prespecified hypotheses, has attracted increasing attention. Its clinical application in neuroinfectious diseases has contributed to improved diagnostic yield and the detection of rare pathogens. In particular, mNGS has been shown to be useful in clinically challenging situations su

[Endoscopic extraction of a foreign body from the right kidney].

Foreign bodies in the upper urinary tract are relatively rare. Publications on this topic primarily consist of clinical case reports describing the removal of foreign bodies discovered after surgical interventions. However, in modern combat trauma care, the relevance of this issue has increased. In cases of penetrating abdominal or lumbar injuries involving the kidney, the penetrating projectile may remain in the renal parenchyma and subsequently migrate or initially lodge in the pelvicalyceal system. In the vast majority of cases, patients present with multiple (18.6%) or combined (71.2%) inj

First human pleural infection caused by Naganishia globosa (formerly Cryptococcus saitoi).

Naganishia globosa (formerly Cryptococcus saitoi) is an environmental basidiomycetous yeast rarely associated with human disease. We report … vival 1.5 months after discharge indicate a favorable response to therapy. This case highlights the clinical relevance of this uncommon yeast in immunocompromised individuals and underscores the importance of advanced diagnostic tools for accurate identification and increased awareness of rare fungal pathogens.

Adenoid ameloblastoma: Conservative approach in a rare odontogenic lesion.

BACKGROUND: Adenoid ameloblastoma (AA) is a newly recognized, rare odontogenic tumor variant, distinguished by histopathological features th … contributes to the growing understanding of this tumor biological behavior but also highlights the clinical relevance of documenting such cases to guide best practices and improve prognostic insights in rare odontogenic lesions.

Artificial intelligence for microembolic signal detection by transcranial Doppler in ischemic stroke: a mini-review.

Microembolic signals (MES) detected by transcranial Doppler (TCD) provide real-time information on ongoing embolic activity in patients with … n, improved artifact rejection, and advanced signal interpretation. This mini-review summarizes the clinical relevance of MES, the main limitations of conventional TCD, and current and emerging applications of AI to MES detection, highlighting future perspectives for stroke risk stratification and personalized secondary prevention.

Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy: A Comprehensive Guide for Shoulder Surgeons.

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is the third most common hereditary myopathy and a major cause of progressive shoulder girdle dysfunction. Despite its clinical relevance, FSHD diagnosis is often delayed or mistaken for peripheral nerve disorders. For the shoulder surgeons, FSHD presents a challenge in which progressive degeneration of the periscapular musculature results in scapular winging and impaired overhead activity. Physical examination is relevant for surgical decision-making, including assessment of scapular winging, deltoid integrity, and response to manual scapular stab…

Gangliosides in the 21st century: therapeutic prospects for the brain and spine.

Gangliosides are sialylated glycosphingolipids highly enriched in the central nervous system, where they regulate membrane signaling, metabolism, neurogenesis, and immune responses. This Review integrates recent advances across distinct experimental and clinical domains. First, recent studies demonstrate that the monosialoganglioside GM1 enhances astrocyte-neuron metabolic coupling via the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle, thereby supporting neuronal bioenergetics and resilience. Complementary mechanistic work shows that specific gangliosides regulate adult neurogenesis through developmentally

Clinical decision-making in gastric taeniasis: risks of endoscopic removal and role of staged therapy.

This case describes a rare presentation of gastric taeniasis in a young woman with chronic atrophic gastritis and subcutaneous lesions consistent with cysticercosis. Stool microscopy confirmed Taenia spp eggs, though species identification was limited by the absence of morphological or molecular confirmation. While clinical evidence strongly suggested Taenia solium, this limitation is acknowledged. The case underscores the importance of clinical judgement in avoiding endoscopic removal, given risks of incomplete extraction, rupture and anaphylaxis. A staged pharmacologic regimen was employed:

Searching for a HIV-1 Cure.

Advances in stem cell transplantation, broadly neutralizing antibodies, ultra-long-acting antiretroviral drugs, therapeutic vaccines, cell e … and achieve durable viral suppression, are discussed. These include key translational insights for clinical relevance. Among these, gene-editing technologies have shown promise in disrupting proviral DNA and delivering targeted therapies by targeting latent reservoirs and host viral receptors. This review examines the scientific, clinical, and ethical consideration …

The spectrum of breast in situ papillary carcinomas with invasion and invasive breast carcinomas with papillary features: an overview of histological subtypes and diagnostic challenges.

Invasive breast carcinomas with papillary features (IBCP) constitute a distinct and morphologically diverse group of breast cancers characte … cations of various subtypes of IBCP. Particular attention is given to the diagnostic challenges and clinical relevance of recognising these tumour types. Standardised diagnostic criteria and further research into the biological behaviour of these entities are essential to guide appropriate management and improve prognostication.

Predicting Adolescent Visual Acuity Using Transformer-Based Time Series Analysis.

Visual acuity prediction in adolescents presents a significant challenge in ophthalmology, particularly for myopia management. This paper in … on patterns while adapting to different developmental stages and varying amounts of historical data.Clinical relevance- VAST provides clinicians with a powerful tool for early detection of rapid myopia progression and personalized treatment planning. By accurately predicting visual acuity changes, particularly in critical developmental periods, this model enables mo …

Redefining Chemoresistance: Natural Bioactives as Molecular Modulators at the Cancer-Tumor Microenvironment Interface.

Therapeutic resistance remains a critical barrier in effective cancer treatment, contributing to disease recurrence, progression, and reduced patient survival. In recent years, natural bioactive compounds have emerged as promising adjuncts in oncology due to their ability to modulate multiple biological processes involved in resistance. This review explores current evidence on the role of natural compounds in influencing cancer cell behavior and their interactions with the tumor microenvironment. By organizing these compounds into chemical families, we provide a structured overview of their po

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… Liposomes, built from lipid bilayers, represent another key nanocarrier with clinical relevance. They protect encapsulated drugs from degradation and can carry both hydrophobic and hydrophilic agents. …

조영증강 유방촬영술: 현재의 임상적 활용과 미래 방향에 대한 종합적 고찰.

Contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) is an advanced imaging technique that combines morphological and functional information to enhance breas … vailability of CEM-guided biopsy. Overall, CEM is a valuable and cost-effective tool with increased clinical relevance. This review provides a comprehensive summary of CEM for clinical and future considerations.

Advancements in Machine Learning for Precision Diagnostics and Surgical Interventions in Interconnected Musculoskeletal and Visual Systems.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping precision medicine by revealing diagnostic links between ocular biomarkers and systemic musculoske … rs a promising avenue for early detection and management of musculoskeletal disease, supporting its clinical relevance and interdisciplinary potential.

Osteosarcopenia in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: from mechanisms to management.

Osteosarcopenia, the coexistence of osteoporosis and sarcopenia, is an emerging and underrecognized complication in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). While muscle and bone loss have been individually observed in MASLD, their combined impact remains poorly addressed in clinical practice. This review outlines the epidemiology, pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical relevance, and current strategies for diagnosing and managing osteosarcopenia in MASLD. Shared pathogenic pathways, including insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, hormonal imbalance,…

Receptor-mediated endocytosis by Megalin: Exploring its role in ligand interaction and disease mechanisms.

This review comprehensively summarizes the interaction mechanisms between Megalin and several key ligands, including calcium ions, gentamicin, ApoE, ANKRA2, FVIII, TTR, STC1, RAP, and MMP-9, focusing on the specific amino acid binding sites involved. The analysis highlights the structural basis of these interactions and their clinical relevance, particularly concerning diseases such as nephrotoxicity, Alzheimer's disease, metabolic disorders, and renal pathologies. This review comprehensively summarizes the specific binding sites of Megalin with its ligands and explores the mechanisms, includi…

An Incidental Discovery of the Tibiocalcaneus Internus Muscle of Testut: An Exceedingly Rare Variation of the Soleus Muscle.

This report describes an incredibly rare variant of the soleus, the tibiocalcaneus internus muscle of Testut, observed during routine cadave … inical practice. Although it remains asymptomatic during the lifetime, this variant muscle may have clinical relevance, particularly in diagnostic imaging and in cases of unexplained medial ankle pain. By understanding this rare anatomical variation, clinicians, surgeons, and radiologists could avoid misdiagnosis and unnecessary interventions.

[The MYOCAPTURE project: Capturing the elusive mutations behind congenital myopathies].

A significant number of patients with congenital myopathy remain undiagnosed, complicating their clinical management, genetic counseling, and limiting access to therapeutic trials or existing treatments. This study, conducted as part of the MYOCAPTURE research project, aimed to identify novel mutations and genes by analyzing the exome of 310 families affected by genetically undiagnosed congenital myopathies. A genetic diagnosis was established for 123 families (40%). Among the diagnosed cases, only 44 (36%) had mutations in a known gene associated with a classical phenotype. Fifty-five familie

Entodermoscopy to Diagnose Sarcoptic Mange: Visualising the Mite-Gallery Unit.

BACKGROUND: Diagnosing sarcoptic mange in dogs can be challenging because the clinical signs overlap with those of other pruritic conditions … iagnostic capabilities. Digitally enhanced dermoscopy provided additional details. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The MGU describes the anatomical and functional aspects of scabies mites as epidermal parasites and qualifies dermoscopy as a non-invasive diagnostic tool.

Extragustatory bitter taste receptors in head and neck health and disease.

Taste receptors, first described for their gustatory functions within the oral cavity and oropharynx, are now known to be expressed in many organ systems. Even intraoral taste receptors regulate non-sensory pathways, and recent literature has connected bitter taste receptors to various states of health and disease. These extragustatory pathways involve previously unexplored, clinically relevant roles for taste signaling in areas including susceptibility to infection, antibiotic efficacy, and cancer outcomes. Among other physicians, otolaryngologists who manage head and neck diseases should be