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Characterization of retinol-binding protein in familial hypo-retinol-binding proteinemia.

We reported previously familial hypo-retinol-binding proteinemia in a child who developed keratomalacia during measles infection. In the present study, we characterized serum retinol-binding proteins (RBPs) in the affected family members and compared these RBPs with those in the unaffected family members. Immunoblotting following SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing demonstrated no differences in molecular weight and isoelectric point between the RBPs from the affected and unaffected family members, as far as RBPs were detected by antibody against standard RBP. Gel f…

Intrathecal synthesis of IgG antibodies to HTLV-I supports an etiological role for HTLV-I in tropical spastic paraparesis.

High titers of antibody to human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) have been reported in the sera and cerebrospinal fluids of patients with tropical spastic paraparesis. By means of agarose isoelectric focusing and selective immunoblotting, we demonstrated oligoclonal bands of immunoglobulin G antibodies to HTLV-I in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with tropical spastic paraparesis. Such cerebrospinal fluid-specific immunoglobulin bands indicate intrathecal synthesis of specific antibodies to HTLV-I. These findings mimic the antibody response to measles virus in subacute scler…

CT of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Thirty patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome were examined by computed tomography. In addition to systemic disease, these patient … th features similar to cytomegalic inclusion encephalitis and subacute sclerosing encephalopathy of measles.

[Immunological examinations in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (author's transl)].

In eight patients with clinical sure Vogt-Koyanagi Harada-syndrome (VKHS) immunological examinations were performed. We tested whether there were signs of former or present infections (measles HHT and complement fixation test (C.F.T.), rubella HHT, hepatitis HBs-antigen, adenovirus AG, varicella-zoster C.F.T., herpes simplex C.F.T., cytomegaly IgM and IgG, toxoplasmosis immunofluorescence, tuberculosis Middlebr. Dubois). In none of all cases we could find HLA B12. The rheumatic tests, LDH, albumin an electrophoresis, coeruloplasmin and haptoglobin were negative. The uveal pigment failed to sti…

The rash with mucosal ulceration.

A rash is a disseminated eruption of cutaneous lesions with great variation in appearance, cause, and severity. When the physician is facing a rash, the history and physical examination of the patient are extremely important for the identification of the disease and its causal agent. There are various causes for a rash, which may be infectious, allergic, or rheumatologic, besides many others. Rashes associated with mucosal ulcers may have causes related to viral and bacterial infections or drug reactions. They may be associated with measles; erythema infectiosum; roseola infantum; rubella; han…

[On the moral dutifulness of using vaccinations].

People had contradictory opinions on using vaccinations over time: an initial opposition, later large favour and then doubts and perplexities. In recent times, some movements, blogs and associations stigmatize the use of vaccinations and they are increasingly asking to remove mandatory vaccinations in countries where they are active. The impact of the antivaccination campaigns should not be underestimated, considering that, for example, in Italy, due to these campaigns, adhesions to vaccinations are decreasing by 1% per year, and in reference to rubella and measles, adhesions decreased by 25% …

Live virus vaccines in transplantation: friend or foe?

Solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients may be exposed to diseases which may be prevented through live attenuated virus vaccines (LAVV). Because of their immunosuppression, these diseases can lead to severe complications in transplant recipients. Despite increasing evidence regarding the safety and effectiveness of certain LAVV, these vaccines are still contraindicated for immunocompromised patients, such as transplant recipients. We review the available studies on LAVV, such as varicella zoster, measles-mumps-rubella, influenza, yellow fever, polio, and Japanese encephal…

Live attenuated vaccines: Historical successes and current challenges.

Live attenuated vaccines against human viral diseases have been amongst the most successful cost effective interventions in medical history. Smallpox was declared eradicated in 1980; poliomyelitis is nearing global eradication and measles has been controlled in most parts of the world. Vaccines function well for acute diseases such as these but chronic infections such as HIV are more challenging for reasons of both likely safety and probable efficacy. The derivation of the vaccines used has in general not been purely rational except in the sense that it has involved careful clinical trials of …

[The epidemiological situation in the Republic of Abkhazia in 2013-2014 and Rospotrebnadzor participation in activities for its stabilization].

Official statistics of Republican SES on infectious diseases are used. The characteristics of the current epidemiological situation in the Republic of Abkhazia is given. The analysis of infectious dis- eases from 2012 to 2014 is presented. It was found that the most widespread infectious diseases are acute respiratory viral and acute intestinal infection. During the analyzed period in the country outbreaks of dysentery, whooping cough and measles were reported. Epidemic threat is the presence of active natu- ral foci of infectious diseases and permanently disadvantaged anthrax points on the te…

Molecular mimicry, inflammatory bowel disease, and the vaccine safety debate.

Preventive immunization has provided one of the major advances in population health during the past century. However, a surprising cultural phenomenon is the emergence of concerns about immunization safety, in part due to prominently controversial biomedical studies. One ongoing theoretical safety concern is the possibility of human molecular mimicry by measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) antigens. The study of Polymeros et al. in this BMC Medicine presents a systematic evaluation and refutation of this safety concern. This provides significant new scientific evidence in support of the safety of ped…

[Establishment of one-step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method for mumps virus hydrophobin gene detection].

OBJECTIVE: To establish a kind of simple method for identifying mumps virus gene: one-step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, RT-PCR). METHODS: To design primer in both sides of SH gene, and then to do the sensitivity and specificity test for the RT-PCR method. RESULTS: At least 10(0.7) TCID50 mumps virus can be detected by this method. 5 strains of mumps virus can be detected and 4 strains of non-mumps virus including measles and rubella virus can't be detected by this method. CONCLUSIONS: The one-step RT-PCR method is a rapid and simple method for identifying mumps virus gen…

An audit of vaccination coverage among vaccination service workers in Puglia, Italy.

The aim of the study is to assess the determining factors and the level of vaccination coverage for those vaccinations recommended to health care workers. The employees of the Apulian Vaccination Services were given an interview-based standardized anonymous questionnaire. Of the 302 replies from the employees, 54.5% of the respondents had received the hepatitis B vaccine and 32.7% the influenza vaccine in the 2007-2008 season. There were 4.6% susceptible to varicella, and 2.6% had been vaccinated. Of the replies received, 9.3% were susceptible to measles or mumps or rubella, and 5.9% had been …

Did acetaminophen provoke the autism epidemic?

Schultz et al (2008) raised the question whether regression into autism is triggered, not by the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, but by acetaminophen (Tylenol) given for its fever and pain. Considerable evidence supports this contention, most notably the exponential rise in the incidence of autism since 1980, when acetaminophen began to replace aspirin for infants and young children. The impetus for this shift - a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention warning that aspirin was associated with Reye's syndrome - has since been compellingly debunked. If aspirin is not to be feared as a c…

Zoonoses-with friends like this, who needs enemies?

Zoonoses are infections that are spread from animals to humans. Most often, humans are "dead-end" hosts, meaning that there is no subsequent human-to-human transmission. If one considers most of the emerging infections that were recognized at the end of the last century and the beginning of this century, they would fall into the category of zoonoses. One of the most important common traits exhibited by infections that have been or can be eliminated from the face of the earth (e.g. smallpox, measles, polio) is the absence of any host other than humans. Therefore, zoonses represent infections th…

Molecular biology of otosclerosis.

Otosclerosis is a bone disease of the human otic capsule, which is among the most common causes of acquired hearing loss. The pathologic process is characterized by a wave of abnormal bone remodeling in specific sites of predilection within the endochondral layer of the temporal bone. Although the cause of otosclerosis remains uncertain, there is a clear genetic predisposition with half of all cases occurring in families with more than one affected member. There is also compelling evidence that measles virus may play a role in some cases. Ultimately, how genetic factors and viral infection res…

Communicable respiratory threats in the ED: tuberculosis, influenza, SARS, and other aerosolized infections.

Respiratory infections are the most common communicable infectious diseases. EDs are the front line for patients with respiratory infections because of their acute nature and because the ED is the principal site of health care for those at highest risk. These diseases include influenza, tuberculosis, and measles, together accounting for 25% of infectious causes of death worldwide. These are emerging and biothreat agents that follow the same route of transmission, such as pneumonic plague. We discuss epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of each agent. Emphasis is on the ED's rol…

MMR mass vaccination campaigns, vaccine-related adverse events, and the limits of the decision making process, in Brazil.

Vaccination is unquestionably a very important tool for disease control. However, vaccines can cause adverse events that may damage the public trust. In recent experience in Brazil, the implementation of mass campaigns with MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine was associated with outbreaks of vaccine adverse events. The decision-making process regarding the continuation of the use of this vaccine proceeded in the context of uncertainties, fears and contradictions between information from the scientific literature and data generated by a post-licensure monitoring. This experience showed how im…

[Vaccination of children in 1999].

Childhood immunization programs are regularly reevaluated to take into account epidemiologic changes in the diseases covered by the vaccines as well as the development of new vaccines. Among the significant additions brought in Belgium to the childhood immunization program in recent years are immunization against hepatitis B during infancy, as well as the administration of a second dose of measle-mumps-rubella vaccine around the age of 12 years. The switch to inactivated polio vaccine will be proposed until the eradication of this disease which is expected in a few years. Combination vaccines

[Viral exanthematic childhood diseases].

Exanthem is defined as multiple, inflammatory skin alteration with a hematogenic, lymphogenic or neurogenic origin. Typically, so called exanthematic children's diseases are measles, mumps, rubella, varicella, erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) and in the past small pox. The pathogenesis of the viral-caused diseases primarily occurs in the vascular connective tissue. The cytopathogenetic effects result in inflammatory tissue reactions with activation of defence mechanism and producing of immune complexes. First symptoms are hyperemia, edema and inflammatory infiltrates with itchy swellings. …

Вирусные заболевания в Эфиопии: обзор.

Эфиопия эндемична для многих вирусных заболеваний. Серообследования показали высокую распространенность вируса гепатита В. Имеются также признаки высокой передачи гепатита С, гепатита Е и вируса иммунодефицита человека (ВИЧ). Население в раннем возрасте подвержено полиомиелиту, гепатиту А, кори, краснухе и свинке. Одной из важных причин младенческой заболеваемости и смертности является ротавиальная диарея. Огромные районы страны эндемичны к желтой лихорадке и бешенству. Масштабы многих других вирусных заболеваний в стране неизвестны. Необходимо создать хорошо организованную национальную лабора

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Ethiopia is endemic for many viral diseases. Serosurveys have demonstrated the high prevalence rate of hepatitis B virus. There are also indications of high transmission for hepatitis C, hepatitis E and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The population is exposed to poliomyelitis, hepatitis A, measles, rubella and mumps early in life. Rotaviral diarrhoea is…