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Conservative surgical treatment of tongue hemangiopericytoma.

Hemangiopericytoma is a vascular tumor that is believed to arise from the Zimmermann's pericytes, smooth muscles cells localized around the blood vessels. This tumor presents as a slowly enlarging painless mass with a clear predilection for the musculoskeletal system. The aim of this work was to introduce a peculiar case of a tongue hemangiopericytoma managed by conservative surgical treatment.

From origins to nomenclature: illuminating the landscape of CNS fibroblasts and fibroblast-like cells.

Fibroblasts are a group of stromal cells that contribute to the scarring process in many neurological conditions in the central nervous system (CNS). Recently, single-cell sequencing efforts allowed an in-depth understanding of their cell origins and subpopulation profiles. Meanwhile, vascular leptomeningeal cells and the "type A pericytes" were also proposed as CNS fibroblast-like cells in the last decade by histological, functional and transcriptomic analysis. While these cells share overlapping features with CNS fibroblasts, the inconsistent use of nomenclature and partially overlapping cel…

Unraveling the transcriptomic landscape of brain vascular cells in dementia: A systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: Cerebrovascular dysfunction plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of dementia and related neurodegenerative disorders. Recent omics-driven research has revealed associations between vascular abnormalities and transcriptomic alterations in brain vascular cells, particularly endothelial cells (ECs) and pericytes (PCs). However, the impact of these molecular changes on dementia remains unclear. METHODS: We conducted a comparative analysis of gene expression in ECs and PCs across neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease, and arteriov…

Blood-Labyrinth Barrier in Health and Diseases: Effect of Hormetic Nutrients.

Significance: The stria vascularis, located in the inner ear, consists of three layers, one of which is the blood-labyrinth barrier (BLB). It is formed by endothelial cells, sealed together to prevent the passage of toxic substances from the blood to the inner ear, by pericytes and perivascular-resident macrophage-like melanocyte. Recent Advances: There are various causes that lead to hearing loss, and among these are noise-induced and autoimmune hearing loss, ear disorders related to ototoxic medication, Ménière's disease, and age-related hearing loss. For all of these, major therapeutic inte…

Beneficial Effects of Transplanted Human Bone Marrow Endothelial Progenitors on Functional and Cellular Components of Blood-Spinal Cord Barrier in ALS Mice.

Convincing evidence of blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) alterations has been demonstrated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and barrier repair is imperative to prevent motor neuron dysfunction. We showed benefits of human bone marrow-derived CD34+ cells (hBM34+) and endothelial progenitor cells (hBM-EPCs) intravenous transplantation into symptomatic G93A SOD1 mutant mice on barrier reparative processes. These gains likely occurred by replacement of damaged endothelial cells, prolonging motor neuron survival. However, additional investigations are needed to confirm the effects of administe

Hemangiopericytoma of the parotid gland: CT and MR features.

Hemangiopericytomas are uncommon vascular neoplasms with rare occurrence in the head and neck region. They originate from the pericytes, which are small, oval cells encircling capillaries. Hemangiopericytomas traditionally appear in the retroperitoneum and in the capillaries of the extremities. A case of hemangiopericytoma of the parotid gland is presented. The clinical, surgical, histologic, and radiologic features are described and discussed.

Метаболические профили клеток мозга человека, обработанных ТНФ-альфа и оксистеролами.

Барьер мозга крови (BBB) необходим для гомеостазиза центральной нервной системы, и его дисфункция связана с такими нейроинфламационными расстройствами, как болезнь Альцгеймера и множественный склероз. Оксистерины, метаболиты холестерина, модулятор липидного метаболизма, иммунная реакция и физиология ББД, но их специфические метаболические эффекты по-прежнему плохо определены. Используя модель in vitro человека BBB, мы изучили воздействие фактора некроза опухоли α (TNFα) и отдельных оксистерилов (24S-гидроксиклестерол, 25-гидроксиклестерина, 7α,25-дигидроксихолестерина) на метаболические профил

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is essential for central nervous system homeostasis, and its dysfunction is implicated in neuroinflammatory di … ol, 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol) on metabolomic profiles of brain-like endothelial cells (hBLEC) and pericytes (hBP) via targeted LC-MS/MS analysis of over 300 metabolites. TNFα markedly increased phenylpyruvic acid, indicating dysregulated phenylalanine metabolism. Oxysterols elicited minimal effects in hBLEC, but significantly altered glycolysis and fatty …

Dickkopf2 rescues erectile function by enhancing penile neurovascular regeneration in a mouse model of cavernous nerve injury.

Penile erection is a neurovascular event and neurologic or vascular disturbances are major causes of erectile dysfunction (ED). Radical pros … re experiment and enhanced tube formation in primary cultured mouse cavernous endothelial cells and pericytes co-culture system in vitro. In light of critical role of neuropathy and angiopathy in the pathogenesis of radical prostatectomy-induced ED, reprogramming of damaged erectile tissue toward neurovascular repair by use of a DKK2 therapeutic protein may …

Histochemical localization of caldesmon in the CNS and ganglia of the mouse.

The author has recently reported the distribution of the cytoskeleton-associated protein caldesmon in spleen and lymph nodes detected with different antibodies against caldesmon (J Histochem Cytochem 58:183-193, 2010). Here the author reports the distribution of caldesmon in the CNS and ganglia of the mouse using the same antibodies. Western blot analysis of mouse brain and spinal cord showed the preponderance of l-caldesmon and suggested at least two l-caldesmon isoforms in the brain. Immunostaining revealed the predominant reactivity of smooth muscle cells and cells resembling pericytes of m…

GP130 Antagonism Enhances Porcine RV Function.

BACKGROUND: Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction is a risk factor for death in multiple cardiovascular diseases, but RV-enhancing therapies are lacking. Inhibition of GP130 (glycoprotein-130) signaling with the small molecule SC144 improves RV function in rodent RV dysfunction via anti-inflammatory and metabolic mechanisms. However, SC144's efficacy and molecular effects in a translational large animal model of RV dysfunction are unknown. METHODS: Four-week-old castrated male pigs underwent pulmonary artery banding (PAB). After 3 weeks, PAB pigs were randomized into 2 groups (daily injections o

Primary omental haemangiopericytoma.

Haemangiopericytomas arise from Zimmermann's pericytes, which regulate the blood flow through capillaries. Given their cell of origin, haemangiopericytomas may arise anywhere; however, the most common locations are the lower limb musculature, the pelvic fossa and the retroperitoneum. A comprehensive review of the English literature has revealed only 19 previous confirmed haemangiopericytomas arising from omentum, the case reported herein being the 20th.

Elevated levels of circulating plasma sPDGFRβ in cognitively impaired APOE4 carriers.

Increased levels of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) soluble platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (sPDGFRβ), a marker of blood-brain barrier ( … β42/40 ratio and pTau217. Thus, our data suggest that plasma sPDGFRβ is a useful biomarker of brain pericytes/BBB damage in APOE4 carriers.

Single-cell and spatial multi-omics reveal estrogen-mediated vaginal wall microenvironment remodeling and a perivascular reparative niche in postmenopausal pelvic organ prolapse.

INTRODUCTION: Local estrogen is widely used to improve vaginal mucosal status and relieve menopausal urogenital symptoms in patients with pe … en drives selective expansion and spatial redistribution of HAS1+ fibroblasts, which aggregate with pericytes to form a structured perivascular niche. Such spatial co-localization strengthens fibroblast-pericyte crosstalk and activates multiple pro-repair signaling cascades. DISCUSSION: Our results demonstrate that estrogen functions by forming spatially o …

Blood-brain barrier permeability in CKD: Link with inflammation and cognitive and mood impairment in rats.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with cognitive impairment. CKD is associated with increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), resulting in increased cognitive impairment in animals and in humans. The aim of this study is to describe the inflammatory profile in blood and cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) during a CKD model induced by adenine rich diet (ARD) in rats, in relation to BBB permeability and to explore the cognitive and mood impairment phenotypes. ARD rats displayed a 5-fold increase in BBB permeability, quantified with brain 99 mTc-DTPA SPECT/CT isotopic imaging, wit

The blood labyrinthine barrier in the human normal and Meniere's disease macula utricle.

The ultrastructural organization of the blood labyrinthine barrier (BLB) was investigated in the human vestibular endorgan, the utricular macula, using postmortem specimens from individuals with documented normal auditory and vestibular function and surgical specimens from patients with intractable Meniere's disease. Transmission electron microscopic analysis of capillaries located in the normal human utricular stroma showed vascular endothelial cells with few pinocytotic vesicles, covered by a smooth and uniform basement membrane surrounded by pericyte processes. Meniere's disease specimens r

Ultrastructure and histogenesis of the acral calcified angioleiomyoma.

We studied the ultrastructure, immunohistochemistry, and histogenesis of the acral calcified angioleiomyoma, observing three concentric zone … netically, the collagenous matrix may act as a mineralization substrate and the calcifying modified pericytes as inductors; intratumoral vessels may originate from the peritumoral vessels or from the vessel where the tumor develops; and extratumoral vessel modifications, mimicking tumor features, concur with a minor repetitive trauma pathogenesis.

Extracutaneous infantile haemangioma is also Glut1 positive.

AIM: To investigate whether extracutaneous infantile haemangioma-like tumours are immunohistochemically similar to cutaneous infantile haemangiomas. METHODS: Mammary, salivary gland, liver (one each), and placental (two cases) capillary haemangiomas and typical examples of cutaneous (eight cases) infantile haemangioma were investigated immunohistochemically for alpha smooth muscle actin and Glut1, a proposed marker for the skin localised lesion. Positive internal controls included red blood cells, perineurium, trophoblast, and endothelial cells of the placental capillaries. Extralesional vess

Lysosome abnormalities and lipofucsin content of nerve cells of oedematous human cerebral cortex.

Lysosome alterations and lipofucsin content of nerve cells, capillary endothelial cells and pericytes were examined in the anoxic-ischaemic brain parenchyma of thirty two patients with congenital hydrocephalus, complicated brain traumatic injuries, brain tumours and vascular anomalies. Cortical biopsies of frontal, parietal and temporal cortex were processed for transmission electron microscopy. In oedematous non pyramidal and pyramidal nerve cells, lysosomes showed fragmentation of their limiting membranes and an associated dense granulation. Areas of cytoplasmic focal necrosis were observed …

Endobronchial plasma cell granuloma (xanthomatous pseudotumor); a light and electron microscopic study.

Plasma cell granuloma (xanthomatous pseudotumor) is polymorphic at light as well as electron microscopic examination. At light microscopy th … areas were mostly fibroblasts or myofibroblasts, whereas those whorled around capillaries resembled pericytes with basement membranes and nuxes-like intercellular junctions. Year rings like multilayered basal laminae were frequently present between the pericyte-like cells and the endothelial cells of the capillaries. The ultrastructure of plasma cell granul …

Inhibition of proNGF and p75NTR Pathway Restores Erectile Function Through Dual Angiogenic and Neurotrophic Effects in the Diabetic Mouse.

INTRODUCTION: Penile neurovascular dysfunction is a major cause of erectile dysfunction (ED) in diabetic patients, which causes poor respons … of proNGF-Ab or p75NTR small interfering RNA in primary cultured mouse cavernous endothelial cells, pericytes, and major pelvic ganglion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Erectile function was measured by electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve at 2 weeks after treatment, and the penis was then harvested for histologic and biochemical studies. RESULTS: The ca …