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Ginkgo Biloba Standardized Extract EGb 761 Reduces Light and Toxin-Induced Photoreceptor Cell Damage via Regulating Oxidative Stress and Autophagy.

PURPOSE: Retinal degeneration (RD) is the common ocular pathogenesis characterized by photoreceptor cell dysfunction. Increasing evidence ha … was evaluated by TUNEL staining. Related gene expression was measured by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Autophagy was observed by TEM and autophagy flux. ROS production was measured using the DCFH-DA probe. RESULTS: Electroretinography and H&E staining showed that retinal function and morphology were impaired and the expression of LC3 and p62 was decreased or …

Subacute ruminal acidosis induces inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis by disrupting Ca2+ homeostasis via STIM1/ORAI1 upregulation in mammary gland tissues.

Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is a prevalent metabolic disorder in ruminants that induces mastitis, while Ca²⁺ homeostasis disruption is closely linked to mammary gland diseases. This study aimed to uncover the role of Ca²⁺ signaling in SARA-induced mammary gland injury by investigating its regulation of inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis. In this study, we induced SARA by feeding a high-concentrate (HC, 70% concentrate) diet to Hu sheep (pH<5.6 for more than 3 h). The diets were administered over a period of 56 d. We collected samples of blood and mammary gland tissues from the animals…

Small heat shock and J-domain proteins direct defense against areca palm velarivirus 1 by degrading coat protein via autophagy.

Both autophagy and heat shock proteins (HSPs) play dual roles in viral infections, yet their coordination in antiviral defense remains unclear. Here, we show that a cytosolic small heat shock protein (AcsHSP) and a type II J-domain protein (AcDNAJB13) from areca palm interact with the coat protein (CP) of areca palm velarivirus 1 (APV1) independently of HSP70 chaperones. Their closest Nicotiana benthamiana homologs also bind CP. Both APV1 infection and CP expression induces the transcription of sHSP and DNAJB13, which in turn inhibits CP accumulation. Silencing of these genes enhances APV1 inf…

Overlapping Yet Distinct Functions of Vacuole Membrane Protein 1 and Transmembrane Protein 41B in Modulating Hepatic Lipoprotein Secretion and Autophagy.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Transmembrane protein 41B (TMEM41B) and vacuolar membrane protein 1 (VMP1) are endoplasmic reticulum (ER) scramblases whose roles in hepatic lipoprotein secretion and autophagy in metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) remain unclear. METHODS: We undertook lipidomic and functional studies in liver- and hepatocyte-specific Tmem41b knockout (KO) mice; Tmem41b knock-in (KI) mice, Tmem41b/Vmp1 double KO (DKO); Tmem41b KO/Vmp1 KI, and Vmp1 KO/Tmem41b KI mice. RESULTS: TMEM41B protein levels decreased in the livers of human subjects with MASLD. Loss of hepatic Tmem…

Oxidized Phospholipids Aggravate Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Promoting Macrophage M1 Polarization Via Regulating the Wnt/β-catenin/Autophagy Axis.

Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) remains an unavoidable consequence of partial hepatic resection and liver transplantation. Oxidati … infiltration and liver injury following IR. In vitro experiments show that OxPLs inhibit macrophage autophagy, thereby promoting M1 polarization. This regulatory effect depends on the activation of the Wnt/β-Catenin pathway by OxPLs.

Dioscorea polystachya Turcz. attenuates male reproductive aging through modulation of mTOR-Beclin-1-mediated autophagy in Leydig and Sertoli cells.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Dioscorea polystachya Turcz. (Chinese yam) is a Traditional Chinese Medicine with a documented history of ov … e that CYCSE attenuates male reproductive aging, at least in part, through activation of testicular autophagy mediated by the mTOR-Beclin-1 pathway in Leydig and Sertoli cells. This study provides experimental evidence supporting the traditional application of Chinese yam in promoting male reproductive health.

Xiaozheng Anshen Formula alleviates podocyte injury in diabetic kidney disease by restoring autophagy flux via inhibiting TRPC6-mediated calcium signaling.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Emerging evidence implicates podocyte autophagy and calcium channels in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Xiaozheng Anshen Formula (XZASF) is a contemporary clinical empirical prescription that exerts prominent therapeutic effects against DKD. AIM OF STUDY: This study investigated the mechanisms underlying XZASF-mediated reduction of proteinuria in DKD, identified its bioactive constituents, and pinpointed its principal therapeutic targets. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A rat model of DKD was established by streptozotocin/high-fat diet (STZ/HFD). After 12 weeks of oral …

Ginsenoside Rh1 suppresses Peste des petits ruminants virus replication by inhibiting autophagy to promote interferon responses and restrict inflammatory responses.

Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR), a highly contagious disease of domestic and wild small ruminants, is characterized by severe morbidity and … f action of Ginsenoside Rh1 against PPRV is mainly attributed to its ability to block PPRV mediated autophagy, thus leading to stimulation of interferon responses and inhibition of inflammatory responses. In summary, our study establishes Ginsenoside Rh1 as a novel antiviral agent effective against PPRV and potentially other related morbilliviruses, sheds l …

Proanthocyanidin-rich fractions prepared from blueberry leaf hot-water extracts inhibits interleukin-1β production in RAW264 cells and induces autophagy.

Blueberry leaves (Vaccinium virgatum Aiton), cultivated in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan, represent a promising natural health-promoting resour … ced morphological changes, including intracellular vacuole formation, suggesting the involvement of autophagy. Consistently, the expression of autophagy-related factors increased in a concentration-dependent manner, and inhibition of autophagy attenuated the suppressive effect of BLEx on IL-1β. Overall, BLEx exerts anti-inflammatory effects partly via autop …

Mavacamten alleviates sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome by modulating the PI3K/AKT/autophagy axis: a spatial transcriptomic-guided investigation.

BACKGROUND: Sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening inflammatory lung condition with high mortality … atory markers. The underlying mechanism was investigated by analyzing the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and autophagy markers. Statistical analyses included ANOVA, t-tests, and Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS: Spatial transcriptomics revealed distinct cellular clusters that were dramatically rearranged during sepsis. In vitro, Mavacamten significantly attenuated li …

Sinapic Acid Attenuates LPS-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Rats: Changes in Autophagy-Related, Apoptotic, Inflammatory, and Oxidative Stress Markers.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The molecular mechanisms underlying sepsis-associated renal injury remain incompletely understood. Sinapic acid (SA), a bioactive phenolic compound, exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective properties, but its nephroprotective role in LPS-induced AKI has not been clarified. We evaluated the protective effects of SA in an LPS-induced AKI rat model and examined its associations with autophagy-related, apoptotic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress markers. AKI was induced…

Total flavonoids of Grona styracifolia (Osbeck) H.Ohashi and K.Ohashi capsules alleviate renal urolithiasis by modulating autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress.

BACKGROUND: Calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis represents the most common form of kidney stone disease, characterized by limited therapeutic in … horus, creatinine, and urea nitrogen levels were assessed. Endoplasmic reticulum stress markers and autophagy-related proteins were assessed using quantitative PCR and Western blotting. RESULTS: The DS treatment significantly reduced CaOx crystal deposition and the associated renal injury compared to untreated controls. In addition, treated animals demonst …

Lanthionine Ketenamine Derivative Enhances Early Functional Recovery Following Skeletal Muscle Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through Modulation of Autophagy and Oxidative Stress.

Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) induces skeletal muscle damage through oxidative stress, impaired autophagy, and satellite cell (SC) dysfunction, ultimately compromising regenerative capacity and functional recovery. We investigated whether the naturally occurring autophagy-stimulating compound 2-n-hexyl lanthionine ketenamine phosphonate (2-n-hexyl LKE-P) enhances SC resilience and promotes early regenerative responses following IRI. Primary SCs isolated from Sprague Dawley rats (96% Pax-7+ purity) were treated with 2-n-hexyl LKE-P or rapamycin. Autophagic flux was assessed using CYTO-ID fl…

WIPButyrate produced by the Lycium ruthenicum polysaccharide alleviated sleep deprivation-induced chronic fatigue syndrome in mice through promoting microglial autophagy.

This study explored whether Lycium ruthenicum polysaccharide (LRP) influences gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and neu … cultured microglia and attenuated inflammatory activation while improving mitochondrial stress and autophagy-related readouts. Overall, the data suggest that microbiota-associated butyrate changes may contribute to the observed benefits of LRP, supporting its potential as a food-derived strategy for fatigue-related neuroinflammation.

Human iPSC-NSC-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Can Alleviate Alzheimer's Disease-Linked Impairments in Mitochondria, mTOR Signaling, Autophagy, and Hippocampal Neurogenesis.

Intranasal (IN) administrations of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neural stem … rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, altered expression of genes and/or proteins linked to mitochondria and autophagy, and diminished neurogenesis. In contrast, treatment with hiPSC-NSC-EVs restored levels of oxidative stress markers and the expression of genes and/or proteins linked to various mitochondrial complexes, mitochondrial biogenesis, fission, fusion, and …

Ишен Куйю Лиши Формула подавляет рост миеломы с помощью ERK/mTOR-посредованного ингибирования защитной автофагии и впрыскивания апоптоза.

ЦЕЛИ: Оценить антиопухоль формулы Yishen Quyu Lishi (YSQYLSF) на множественной миеломе (MM) и определить, способствует ли этот эффект внеклеточной регулируемой киназой/мамалианской целью рэпамицина (ERK/mTOR) защитной автофагии и апоптоза. МЕТОДЫ: В течение 21 дня была обработана обнажённая мыша Н929 ксенографта с помощью ISQYLSF, бортезомиба (BO) или их комбинация. Был проведен рост опухоли, вес тела, гистопатология, иммунохимия, реверсионная количественная цепная реакция полимеразы (RT-qPCR), западная пятнистость и последовательность рибонуклеиновой кислоты (RNA-Seq). Кроме того, H929 клеток

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the anti-tumor effect of Yishen Quyu Lishi Formula (YSQYLSF) on multiple myeloma (MM) and to determine whether this effect is mediated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (ERK/mTOR)-regulated protective autophagy and apoptosis. METHODS: H929 xenograft-bearing nude mice were treated with YSQYLSF, bort…

A Hidden "Promoter": Schistosoma japonicum soluble egg antigen activates MAPK/PI3K-AKT pathways and inhibits autophagy to facilitate colorectal cancer.

Schistosomiasis affects approximately 250 million people globally. Eggs deposited in the colon are the main culprits causing pathological da … cing analysis revealed that SEA activated the MAPK and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways while inhibiting autophagy in HCT116 cells, findings that were subsequently validated by Western blotting. In the murine xenograft model, SEA promoted tumor growth, increased the expression of Ki67 and Vimentin, and activated the MAPK and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways in tumor …

Circular RNA SETD2 (circSETD2) elevates DDX3 expression to inhibit autophagy in hepatitis B virus infection via targeting miR-181a-5p.

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the major causes for chronic liver disease leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma ( … were determined by qPCR, and Western blots were performed for analyzing autophagic marker proteins. Autophagy flux assays were performed in circSETD2, miR-181a-5p mimic or miR-181a-5p inhibitor-transfected cells. Significance of the data were analyzed using unpaired student t-test. RESULTS: The expression of circSETD2 was significantly lower (76%) in HepG2. …

Brucella suis vaccine strain 2 promotes intracellular proliferation by inducing M2 macrophage polarization and autophagy through PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling.

Introduction. The persistent intracellular survival of Brucella is a key factor contributing to immune evasion and chronic infection as evidenced by clinical recurrence. This ability of establishing long-term intracellular residency is a major driver of brucellosis relapse. Pathogens such as Brucella often manipulate host cell polarization and exploit autophagy to sustain their intracellular survival.Hypothesis/Gap Statement. Real-world understanding of how macrophage polarization and autophagy jointly influence Brucella intracellular replication remains limited, and the specific signalling pa…

Rougan Granules ameliorates liver fibrosis through autophagy regulation: Insights from HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS, network pharmacology, and experimental validation.

To clarify the bioactive constituents and anti-fibrotic mechanisms of Rougan Granules (RGG), this study utilized HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS to identif … (mTOR) signaling pathway. Furthermore, RGG was shown to exert anti-fibrotic effects by inducing HSC autophagy through the modulation of this pathway. These findings reveal that RGG attenuates liver fibrosis via PTEN/AKT/mTOR-mediated autophagy, supporting its therapeutic potential.