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Shifts in drug seizures in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: Little is known regarding how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected patterns of drug use in the United States. Because drug seizures can serve as a proxy for drug availability, we examined shifts in drug seizures in the US during the pandemic. METHODS: We examined trends in seizures of marijuana, cocaine, methamphetamine, heroin, and fentanyl within five High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas-Washington/Baltimore, Chicago, Ohio, New Mexico, and North Florida. Trends were examined for number and total weight of seizures from March 2019 through September 2020 using Joinpoint regression.

Message framing to reduce stigma and increase support for policies to improve the wellbeing of people with prior drug convictions.

BACKGROUND: Individuals with drug convictions are at heightened risk of poor health, due in part to punitive public policies. This study tests the effects of message frames on: (1) public stigma towards individuals with felony drug convictions and (2) support for four policies in the United States (U.S.) affecting social determinants of health: mandatory minimum sentencing laws, 'ban-the-box' employment laws, and restrictions to supplemental nutrition and public housing programs. METHODS: A randomized experiment (n = 3,758) was conducted in April 2018 using a nationally representative online

Performing the Peace: Using Playback Theatre in the Strengthening of Police-Community Relations.

BACKGROUND: Police-community relations have catapulted onto the national stage after several high-profile instances of alleged police brutal … afety and understanding necessary to address relational problems is both feasible and acceptable to law enforcement and ex-offenders.

Work-related traffic crashes: a record linkage study.

AIM: To examine the characteristics of work-related traffic crashes involving drivers in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. METHODS: Probabilistic data record linkage were used to merge police crash records and workers compensation data for the period 1998-2002. RESULTS: The record linkage identified 13,124 drivers who were injured or died as a result of work-related traffic crash in New South Wales over the 5-year period. Approximately three quarters of driver casualties occurred during commuting (74.8%) with the rest occurring in the course of work. Male drivers made up around three quarter

Advanced Automatic Crash Notification Systems: It Is Time to Adopt Potentially Life-Saving Technology.

Since the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) started the Automatic Collision Notification project in 1995, basic Automat … ere public safety telecommunicators (PST) take 911 calls and coordinate the emergency response with law enforcement, fire, and medical services and transport to a trauma center. The purpose of this paper is to review the existing literature of how ACN and AACN benefit patient outcomes and describe challenges and opportunities to implementation.

Regulatory systems for prevention and control of rabies, Japan.

Japan is one of the few rabies-free countries. Although 3 imported cases of human rabies were seen in 1970 and 2006, no other cases have been reported for approximately 50 years. The elimination of rabies in Japan is attributed to not only its geographic isolation but also to effective prevention and control measures, such as registration and vaccination of domestic dogs, required quarantine of susceptible imported animals, and national plans of action based on scientific research. Countermeasures against rabies have been upgraded; an improved management system for domestic dogs under the amen

Lies and coercion: why psychiatrists should not participate in police and intelligence interrogations.

Police interrogators routinely use deceptive techniques to obtain confessions from criminal suspects. The United States Executive Branch has attempted to justify coercive interrogation techniques in which physical or mental pain and suffering may be used during intelligence interrogations of persons labeled unlawful combatants. It may be appropriate for law enforcement, military, or intelligence personnel who are not physicians to use such techniques. However, forensic psychiatry ethical practice requires honesty, striving for objectivity, and respect for persons. Deceptive and coercive interr…

Оспа в постэрадикации.

Оспа - это недавно вымершая вирусная инфекция, от которой быстро угасло стадо. Угроза оспы во время биотеррористического события с использованием тайников вируса вне эталонных хранилищ приведет к эпидемиям высокой и предсказуемой смертности. Результатом этого станет краткосрочный социальный хаос. Борьба с оспой требует вакцинации и карантина, тех же мер, которые устранили эту болезнь в 1970-х годах. Для эффективного реагирования на эту угрозу для здоровья населения потребуется широкая координация и планирование между инфраструктурой здравоохранения, правоохранительными органами и политическим

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Smallpox is a recently extinct human viral infection for which herd immunity has rapidly waned. The threat of smallpox during a bioterrorist … he 1970's. Extensive coordination and planning would be needed among the healthcare infrastructure, law enforcement agencies and political leadership for effective responses to this public health threat. Despite this challenge, we must remind ourselves that smallpox transmission and vaccinia effectiveness are well understood. Strategies that successfully eradicat …

Changing Perceptions of Risk Reduction Among First Responders: Outcomes of a Training Program in Louisiana.

BACKGROUND: Existing opioid overdose reversal (OOR) trainings for first responders frequently demonstrate improvements in naloxone knowledge … rish differences statewide. RESULTS: The sample included 861 Louisiana first responders, primarily law enforcement (80.8%), representing multiple parishes, most commonly Orleans/Jefferson (60.8%) and Ouachita (14.2%). Overall RRAS scores improved significantly post-training (mean increase 3.73 points; dᶻ = 0.65; p < .001). All occupation-parish subgroups demonst …

Looking through the cracks: vulnerabilities and deprivation in the Brazilian open drug scenes.

BACKGROUND: Cocaine use is increasing worldwide, and Brazil, located along major transatlantic trafficking routes, has experienced widesprea … al vulnerability, including lack of infrastructure, unstable housing, drug-use patterns, and uneven law enforcement dynamics. High-prevalence topics included crack paraphernalia sharing (TS = 24.83%) and polydrug use (TS = 15.95%). Areas marked by blatant poverty (TS = 15.71%), whether related to favelas and under-bridge sites (TS = 12.64%) or a significant prese …

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Traumatic Brain Injury in First Responders.

OBJECTIVE: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies examining the proportion of first responders (law enforcement and corrections officers, firefighters, and emergency medical services personnel) with traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS: This review is reported in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and was a priori registered in PROSPERO. Eligible observational and interventional studies reporting the proportion of first responders with TBI (lifetime history; job/career-related; job/training-related; event-related…

European perspectives on pre-hospital interagency collaboration during terrorist incidents: a focus group study.

BACKGROUND: Recent international developments have led to increased terrorist activity and intentional violence across Europe. Interagency collaboration has repeatedly been identified as a key challenge in previous scenarios. This study explores the perspectives of European pre-hospital medical providers and law enforcement officers on collaboration during violent incidents, aiming to identify barriers, best practices, and opportunities for improvement. METHODS: Twelve modified focus group interviews (3-8 individuals per group) with embedded polls were conducted online. Deductive coding was p…

Healthcare Practitioner and Other Professionals' Perspectives on Gabapentinoid Misuse and Dependence: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The global rise in gabapentinoid prescriptions for chronic pain has been striking. However, this trend has been ac … 1584 records, 19 original studies were included. Most were conducted in substance use treatment and law enforcement settings, where professionals frequently encounter vulnerable populations and more severe patterns of misuse than in general clinical care. Reported drivers of misuse included polydrug use, opioid substitution, psychological distress and poor access …

Holding Pharmaceutical and Medical Device Executives Accountable as Responsible Corporate Officers.

IMPORTANCE: When a drug or medical device company violates federal law, the government has a powerful tool to use: the Park doctrine. The aim of the doctrine is to protect patients from the harms of an unsafe or fraudulent medical marketplace by targeting the executives who run the companies that make revenues on these products while violating federal law, rather than have that risk borne by patients or impersonal corporate entities; however, public reports of drug and device company executives being prosecuted in Park doctrine cases are uncommon. OBJECTIVE: To identify Park prosecutions and

Pacific Eclipse - A tabletop exercise on smallpox pandemic response.

BACKGROUND: In December 2019, we ran Pacific Eclipse, a pandemic tabletop exercise using smallpox originating in Fiji as a case study. Pacific Eclipse brought together international stakeholders from health, defence, law enforcement, emergency management and a range of other organisations. AIM: To review potential gaps in preparedness and identify modifiable factors which could prevent a pandemic or mitigate the impact of a pandemic. METHODS: Pacific Eclipse was held on December 9-10 in Washington DC, Phoenix and Honolulu simultaneously. The scenario began in Fiji and becomes a pandemic. Mat…

Measuring improvement in knowledge of drug policy reforms following a police education program in Tijuana, Mexico.

BACKGROUND: Mexico's 2009 "narcomenudeo reform" decriminalized small amounts of drugs, shifting some drug law enforcement to the states and mandating drug treatment diversion instead of incarceration. Data from Tijuana suggested limited implementation of this harm reduction-oriented policy. We studied whether a police education program (PEP) improved officers' drug and syringe policy knowledge, and aimed to identify participant characteristics associated with improvement of drug policy knowledge. METHODS: Pre- and post-training surveys were self-administered by municipal police officers to me…

Poisoning by an illegally imported Chinese rodenticide containing tetramethylenedisulfotetramine--New York City, 2002.

Illegally imported foreign products can result in domestic exposures to unusual toxic chemicals, and health-care providers might not be able to provide appropriate therapy because the chemical ingredients might not be listed or recognized even after translation of the product label. This report describes the first known case in the United States of exposure to a Chinese rodenticide containing the toxin tetramethylenedisulfotetramine (TETS), a convulsant poison. The report of this investigation highlights the need to prevent such poisonings through increased public education, awareness, and enf

Best practice guidelines for evaluating patients in custody in the emergency department.

Patients in custody due to arrest or incarceration are a vulnerable population that present a unique ethical and logistical challenge for em … sel and risk management also can be helpful resources. EPs should communicate early and openly with law enforcement personnel to ensure security and emergency department staff safety is maintained while meeting the patient's medical needs. Physicians should consider the least restrictive restraints necessary to ensure security while allowing for medical evaluatio …

The experience of sexual assault: findings from a statewide victim needs assessment.

A statewide assessment was conducted of assaults, experiences, needs, and recommendations of 125 adult victims receiving care at 19 sexual a … eir services, more mental health care within them (especially group therapy), and improved laws and law enforcement of perpetrators.

Helmets Matter: Kentucky Motorcycle Crash Victims Seen at a Tennessee Trauma Center.

OBJECTIVES: Motorcycle helmet laws vary by state, with Kentucky requiring helmets only for younger riders. We hypothesized that motorcyclists injured in Kentucky and seen at a Tennessee trauma center would be more likely to be unhelmeted, have more severe head injuries, and sustain more fatal injuries than those injured in Tennessee or Virginia. METHODS: A Trauma Registry review of 729 injured motorcyclists from January 2005 through June 2015 examined state location of crash, demographics, helmet use, and clinical outcomes. Multivariate logistic regression analysis evaluated predictors for he