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Whole Brain Amide Proton Transfer Weighted Imaging in Children With Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

PURPOSE: To investigate alteration of brain amide proton transfer weighted (APTw) signals in children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and … ificantly lower than that of volunteers. The APTw signals of the frontal-parietal-temporal regions, hippocampus, and corona radiata were significantly associated with cognitive assessment scores. CONCLUSIONS: APTw imaging could be used for detecting frontal-parietal-temporal regions and hippocampus damage in children with OSA, which possibly explain cognitiv …

Filling in the gap: Hippocampal CA1 neuronal counts and volumes in female cognitive controls.

CA1 is a subfield in the human hippocampus that is particularly vulnerable to hypoxia. Previous stereological studies on CA1 have examined primarily male samples, leaving female total neuron counts not represented or underrepresented in total neuron count and neuron size studies. Our study sought to fill in the gap and provide baseline data on an equal number of male and female brains, representing both hemispheres with optimal stereology methods. Twenty-two human brain hemispheres, 11 females, 11 males (9 right hemispheres, 13 left hemispheres), were counted using the optical fractionator and…

The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Light of the Brain Axes and Dysbiosis Where Piezo2 Is the Critical Initiating Player.

The current opinion paper puts into perspective how altered microbiota transplanted from Alzheimer's patients initiates the impairment of the microbiota-gut-brain axis of a healthy recipient, leading to impaired cognition primarily arising from the hippocampus, dysfunctional adult hippocampal neurogenesis, dysregulated systemic inflammation, long-term spatial memory impairment, or chronic pain with hippocampal involvement. This altered microbiota may induce acquired Piezo2 channelopathy on enterochromaffin cells, which, in turn, impairs the ultrafast long-range proton-based oscillatory synchro…

The Implementation of the Biopsychosocial Model: Individuals With Alcohol Use Disorder and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.

INTRODUCTION: This extensive literature review investigates the relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use d … Findings demonstrate that chronic PTSD is associated with progressive dysfunction in the amygdala, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and white matter pathways. Also, our findings underscore alterations within the reward system, prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, basal ganglia, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis …

Bisdemethoxycurcumin mitigates Alzheimer disease pathology through autophagy-mediated reduction of senescence and amyloid beta.

AD pathology is accompanied by increased senescence and reduced levels of autophagy in the brain. We investigated whether pharmacologically … , we administered 50 and 100 mg/kg b.w. of BDMC to transgenic 3xTg-AD mice for two months. In their hippocampus, the Control 3xTg-AD animals showed more senescent cells and lower autophagy levels. In contrast, autophagic proteins were significantly upregulated while senescence indicators, such as senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) proteins, were …

Neuroprotective Efficacy of Phytoconstituents of Methanolic Shoots Extract of Calligonum polygonoides L. in Hypercholesterolemia-associated Neurodegenerations.

BACKGROUND: Small molecule phytocompounds can potentially ameliorate degenerative changes in cerebral tissues. Thus, the current study aimed … id metabolism, free radical scavenging capabilities and histopathology of brain tissues (cortex and hippocampus). RESULTS: 22 leading phytocompounds were exhibited in the test extract, as revealed by LCMS/ MS scrutiny. Molecular docking evaluated significant interactions of apigenin triacetate with target proteins (HMGCR (HMG-CoA reductase), (AChE-Acetylchol …

Bisphenol AF exposure induced synaptic plasticity and neurobehavioral impairments via triggering the ROS-mediated PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 signaling pathway in adolescent mice.

Bisphenol AF (BPAF), a fluorinated homolog of BPA, has been produced as a replacement for BPA. However, the consequences and mechanisms of a … pyramidal neurons, as well as a decrease in dendritic complexity and dendritic spine density in the hippocampus. In addition, BPAF exposure inhibits the CREB-BDNF pathway and activates the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 axis in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of adolescent mice. The SH-SY5Y cell culture experiments showed that inhibition of the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 axis at …

Implications of hippocampal excitatory amino acid transporter 2 in modulating anxiety and visceral pain in a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic inflammation and significantly impairs quality of life through anxiety-like beh … , elevated N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) expression, and obvious glutamate toxicity in the hippocampus of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced IBD model mice. These mice exhibited significant visceral pain and anxiety-like behaviors. In summary, the reduced expression of EAAT2 in the hippocampus of individuals with IBD leads to elevated glutamate lev …

Treatment with mesenchymal stem cells in a porcine model of sepsis: Assessment of the central nervous system.

Sepsis remains a leading cause of intensive care unit admissions and a significant public health challenge worldwide. Despite efforts, the d … fluid (CSF), and neuron-specific enolase were assessed over 24 h. Histopathological analysis of the hippocampus was performed post-mortem. No significant differences were observed between groups regarding hemodynamic and metabolic parameters or serum cytokine levels. While interleukin-1β levels in CSF increased in all animals' post-sepsis induction, interleuk …

Activation of PPARα by gemfibrozil lowers tau-associated neuropathology in the MAPT mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

The current dogma states that inhibiting tau accumulation and its associated neuropathologies might be a relevant strategy to prevent neuron … subregions including CA1 and DG. Concurrently, gemfibrozil treatment upregulated PPARα level in the hippocampus and that was accompanied with inhibition of microgliosis and astrogliosis. Gemfibrozil also attenuated the loss of synaptic plasticity as determined by the expression of post-synaptic protein, PSD95, and calcium influx in the hippocampal tissue. The …

Methylene blue reduces postoperative delirium in mice through neuroinflammation suppression and blood-brain barrier repair.

Postoperative delirium (POD) is a serious complication following anesthesia and surgery, with currently unclear pathogenesis and no effectiv … nd 24 h postoperatively. We evaluated neuroinflammation and the reactive states of microglia in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. We also evaluated the permeability of the BBB by detecting tight junction proteins, transcytosis, and the leakage of IgG and dextran. Our results found that POD-like behavior in adult mice mainly occurred at 6 h after surgery …

Antidepressant-like and neuroprotective effects of pine needle extracts: evidence from behavioral, transcriptomic, and biochemical studies.

Neuroinflammation is a key characteristic associated with neurological disorders, particularly depression and anxiety. This study aims to ev … e levels of Apelin and its receptor while decreasing proinflammatory cytokines Tnfa and IL1b in the hippocampus. ELISA further demonstrated elevated levels of key neurotransmitters, including dopamine and noradrenaline, in the mouse hippocampus. Additionally, we performed GC/MS analysis to identify bioactive compounds in PN, revealing D-Pinitol and Shikimic a …

Дигит Спан тесты более чувствительны, чем SDMT для обнаружения рабочего нарушения памяти и корреляции с метаболическими изменениями в белой материи и глубоко серой материи Nucley в многоразовом склерозе: исследование GABA-Edited Magnetic Resonance Spectropy.

В этом документе мы ставили цель оценить эффективность и полезность трех кратких, легко управляемых и повторяемых тестов, а именно: SDMT, Digit Span Forth (DSF) и Digit Span Backward (DSB) в случае пациентов с MS (MSp), и сравнить результаты с результатами здоровых добровольцев (CON). Мы надеялись определить наиболее чувствительный тест, который мог бы регулярно использоваться в клинической практике. Кроме того, мы попытались определить метаболический фон когнитивной настройки с использованием усовершенствованного радиологического метода Mescher-Garwood (MEGA) с использованием 1H магнитной спе

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
In this paper, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and usefulness of three brief, easy-to-administer, and repeatable tests, namely SDMT, Digit … ing MSp. The SDMT in MSp correlated with inflammatory and degenerative metabolites in the thalamus, hippocampus, and corpus callosum. A correlation between increased Glx- and GABA-ratios and SDMT was found. Unlike the SDMT, the DSF and DSB showed correlations with inflammatory metabolites in the caudate nucleus and hypothalamus. DSF correlated with GABA ratio …

Circadian cilia transcriptome in mouse brain across physiological and pathological states.

Primary cilia are dynamic sensory organelles that continuously undergo structural modifications in response to environmental and cellular si … e the circadian expression of cilia-associated genes within six brain areas: brainstem, cerebellum, hippocampus, hypothalamus, striatum, and suprachiasmatic nucleus. Our analysis reveals that a substantial proportion of cilia transcripts exhibit circadian rhythmicity across the examined regions, with notable overrepresentation in the striatum, hippocampus, an …

Intracranial EEG-Based Directed Functional Connectivity in Alpha to Gamma Frequency Range Reflects Local Circuits of the Human Mesiotemporal Network.

To date, it is largely unknown how frequency range of neural oscillations measured with EEG is related to functional connectivity. To address this question, we investigated frequency-dependent directed functional connectivity among the structures of mesial and anterior temporal network including amygdala, hippocampus, temporal pole and parahippocampal gyrus in the living human brain. Intracranial EEG recording was obtained from 19 consecutive epilepsy patients with normal anterior mesial temporal MR imaging undergoing intracranial presurgical epilepsy diagnostics with multiple depth electrodes…

Gene interactions analysis of brain spatial transcriptome for Alzheimer's disease.

Recent studies have explored the spatial transcriptomics patterns of Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain by spatial sequencing in mouse models, e … the amyloid-β accumulation process and showed the specific ligand-receptor interactions across the hippocampus layers at different extents of pathological changes. We then identified nerve function related transcription factors in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex, as well as genes with different transcriptomic association degrees in AD versus wild-type …

Treadmill Exercise Facilitates Synaptic Plasticity in APP/PS1 Mice by Regulating Hippocampal AMPAR Activity.

Accumulating evidence underscores exercise as a straightforward and cost-effective lifestyle intervention capable of mitigating the risk and … ced basic synaptic strength, short-term potentiation (STP), and long-term potentiation (LTP) of the hippocampus in these mice. Moreover, treadmill exercise correlated with an augmentation in synapse numbers, refinement of synaptic structures, and heightened expression and activity of AMPARs. Our findings suggest that treadmill exercise improves behavioral per …

Emotional salience network involved in constructing two-dimensional fear space in humans.

Fear learning is pivotal for organismal survival, ensuring the ability to avoid potential threats through learning based on experiencing min … mporal lobe, in conjunction with the amygdala, the insula, the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), the hippocampus, and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), collectively contribute to the construction of a two-dimensional fear space consisting of uncertainty and intensity. Activation in the parahippocampal gyrus, insula, and dlPFC was associated with ment …

Brain-gut photobiomodulation restores cognitive alterations in chronically stressed mice through the regulation of Sirt1 and neuroinflammation.

BACKGROUND: Chronic stress is an important risk factor for the development of major depressive disorder (MDD). Recent studies have shown mic … protocol induces profound behavioral alterations and an increase of sirtuin1 (Sirt1) levels in the hippocampus. We then combined the stress protocol with PBM and found that tissue-combined PBM was able to rescue cognitive alterations induced by CUMS. This rescue was accompanied by a restoration of hippocampal Sirt1 levels, prevention of spine density loss in …

Hypothalamic and hippocampal transcriptome changes in AppNL-G-F mice as a function of metabolic and inflammatory dysfunction.

The progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has a silent phase that predates characteristic cognitive decline and eventually leads to active … to the silent and active phases of AD, and bulk gene expression changes in the hypothalamus and the hippocampus. The results show a large panel of inflammatory mediators, leptin, and other proteins that may be involved in weakening the blood brain barrier, to be increased in the young AppNL-G-F mice but not in the old AppNL-G-F mice. There were also several d …