Результаты поиска

Удаление внутриклеточного NS1 из "Mosquito Cells" для обнаружения винтовок, заражённых денге.

Вирус денге (DENV) — патоген, вызывающий лихорадку денге, передается главным образом Aedes aegypti. Наблюдение за инфицированными комарами является одним из основных компонентов комплексных методов борьбы с комарами в целях снижения риска вспышек инфекционных заболеваний. Вместе с тем в настоящее время не имеется специального оперативного теста для обнаружения ДЕНВ у комаров. Используя иммуноблокировку, мы обнаружили, что выделение NS1 как от линии комаров, инфицированных ДЕНВ, так и от комарных тел было ниже порога обнаружения. Однако, когда Triton X-100 был использован для лизания инфицирова

Exosomes Released from Rabies Virus-Infected Cells May be Involved in the Infection Process.

Exosomes are cell-derived vesicles that are secreted by many eukaryotic cells. It has recently attracted attention as vehicles of intercellular communication. Virus-infected cells release exosomes, which contain viral proteins, RNA, and pathogenic molecules. However, the role of exosomes in virus infection process remains unclear and needs to be further investigated. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of exosomes on rabies virus infection. OptiPrep™ density gradient centrifugation was used to isolate exosomes from rabies virus-infected cell culture supernatants. A rabies virus G p

Characterization of the Quasi-Enveloped Hepatitis E Virus Particles Released by the Cellular Exosomal Pathway.

Our previous studies demonstrated that membrane-associated hepatitis E virus (HEV) particles-now considered "quasi-enveloped particles"-are present in the multivesicular body with intraluminal vesicles (exosomes) in infected cells and that the release of HEV virions is related to the exosomal pathway. In this study, we characterized exosomes purified from the culture supernatants of HEV-infected PLC/PRF/5 cells. Purified CD63-, CD9-, or CD81-positive exosomes derived from the culture supernatants of HEV-infected cells that had been cultivated in serum-free medium were found to contain HEV RNA

Risk of resistant avian influenza A virus in wild waterfowl as a result of environmental release of oseltamivir.

Oseltamivir is the best available anti-influenza drug and has therefore been stockpiled worldwide in large quantities as part of influenza pandemic preparedness planning. The active metabolite oseltamivir carboxylate (OC) is stable and is not removed by conventional sewage treatment. Active OC has been detected in river water at concentrations up to 0.86 µg/L. Although the natural reservoir hosts of influenza A virus (IAV) are wild waterfowl that reside in aquatic environments, the ecologic risks associated with environmental OC release and its potential to generate resistant viral variants am

Vps4 and the ESCRT-III complex are required for the release of infectious hepatitis C virus particles.

The mechanisms by which infectious hepatitis C virus (HCV) particles are assembled and released from infected cells remain poorly characterized. In this regard, many other enveloped viruses, notably human immunodeficiency virus type 1, have been shown to utilize the host vacuolar protein sorting machinery (also known as the endosomal sorting complex required for transport; ESCRT) to traffic through the cell and effect the membrane rearrangements required for the formation of enveloped particles. We postulated that this might also apply to HCV. To test this hypothesis, we established a method o

Cell to substratum adhesion-promoting activity released by normal and virus-transformed cells in culture.

It is demonstrated here that cultured fibroblasts release into their medium a nondialyzable, protease-sensitive factor(s) capable of promoting the adhesion and spreading of virus-transformed rat fibroblasts on a plastic substratum. A relatively sensitive biological assay is described for quantitation of the adhesion-promoting factor (APF) activity in serum-free, conditioned medium harvested from the cultures. Evidence is presented which indicates that the primary mode of action of the APF is by binding to and modifying the properties of the substratum. Conditioned media harvested after 24 h of

Sequence Analysis of Egyptian Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Field and Vaccine Strains: Intertypic Recombination and Evidence for Accidental Release of Virulent Virus.

In spite of annual mass vaccination programs with polyvalent inactivated vaccines, the incidence and economic impact of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in Egypt is high. Viruses of the A, O and SAT 2 serotypes are endemic and repeated incursions of new lineages from other countries lead to an unstable situation that makes the selection of appropriate vaccine antigens very difficult. In this study, whole genome sequencing of a 2016 serotype A isolate from Egypt revealed a recombination event with an African serotype O virus. Based on available vaccine matching data, none of the vaccines currently

Autoantibody Release in Children after Corona Virus mRNA Vaccination: A Risk Factor of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome?

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS) is a new systemic inflammatory acute onset disease that mainly affects children (MIS-C) and, at a lesser frequency, adults (MIS-A); it typically occurs 3-6 weeks after acute SARS-CoV infection. It has been postulated and shown in adults that MIS may occur after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination (MIS-V). Our current case is one of the first published cases with a multisystem inflammatory syndrome in an 18-year-old adolescent after the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine from Pfizer/BionTech (BNT162b2), who fulfills the published level 1 criteria for a definitive disease: age < 21 ye

Release of interleukin-6 by human thyroid epithelial cells immortalized by simian virus 40 DNA transfection.

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has actions on a variety of endocrine tissues. The cytokine is secreted by cells of the anterior pituitary and endocrine pancreas and has recently been shown to be produced by cultures of thyroid epithelial cells. In this study we have examined some of the factors which regulate IL-6 release from an immortalized human thyroid line (HTori3). IL-6 release over 24 h was stimulated by TSH (5000 microU/ml), by forskolin (0.01 mmol/l), by fetal calf serum (1-20%) and by epidermal growth factor (20 ng/ml). Stimulation was also apparent with gamma-interferon and with tumour necros

Insulin release from BK virus-induced and in vitro maintained insulinoma cells of Syrian golden hamster.

The pancreatic tumor cells (In 111) derived from BK virus-induced insulinoma of Syrian golden hamsters were maintained in culture for several passages and were studied for their insulin secretory ability under various stimulatory conditions. Insulin release was not increased by D-glucose stimulation (27.8 mM), while dibutyryl cyclic AMP (1 mM), theophylline (1 mM), 3-isobutyl-l-methylxanthine (0.1 mM) and elevation of medium calcium from 0.5 to 2.7 mM stimulated insulin release 2.5- to 4-fold. There was a concomitant increase of medium cyclic AMP with addition of theophylline. Streptozotocin (

Adenine Base Editing Potently Suppresses Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Expression and Inhibits Hepatitis D Virus Release.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Novel antiviral approaches capable of permanently inactivating the intrahepatic HBV DNA reservoir, the covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) and HBV DNA integrated into the host genome, are urgently needed. This study evaluated adenine base editing as a strategy to disrupt HBV replication by introducing mutations in the overlapping HBs/polymerase open reading frame (ORF). METHODS: An adenine base editor (ABE) and 3 guide RNAs (gS1-gS3) were designed to introduce missense mutations within the HBs/polymerase ORF. ABE mRNA and individual gRNAs were co-transfected into HBV-

Mediator release in cerebrospinal fluid of human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients with central nervous system involvement.

In this study we evaluated the release of some mediators of inflammatory reactions such as histamine (H), leukotriene B4 (LTB4), leukotriene C4 (LTC4) and prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 15 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), eight with opportunistic infections of the central nervous system (CNS) and seven without HIV-related neurological pathology, and of 25 HIV-negative control subjects with other neurological diseases. The cerebrospinal LTB4 level was increased in all the AIDS patients (mean 348 pg/ml); the control group revealed normal level

Недостаток подвижности на основе активации приводит к тому, что вирус Эктомелия высвобождается в Витро, но не имеет решающего значения для распространения в Виво.

Вирус Эктомелии (ECTV) — ортопоксивирус и побудительный агент мышипокса. Как и другие оксивирусы, такие, как вирус вариолы (агент оспы), вирус обезьянопокса и вирус вакцины (живая вакцина от оспы), ECTV поощряет актин-нуклеарацию на поверхности инфицированных клеток во время высвобождения вируса. Гомологи вирусного белка A36 служат посредником в этой функции путем фосфорилирования одного или двух тиросиновых остатков, которые в конечном итоге задействуют клеточный комплекс Arp2/3. А36 также занимается внутриклеточной торговлей вирусом, протекающим через кинезин-1. Здесь мы описываем формирован

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Ectromelia virus (ECTV) is an orthopoxvirus and the causative agent of mousepox. Like other poxviruses such as variola virus (agent of smallpox), monkeypox virus and vaccinia virus (the live vaccine for smallpox), ECTV promotes actin-nucleation at the surface of infected cells during virus release. Homologs of the viral protein A36 mediate this function thro…

Hepatitis C virus replicates in sweat glands and is released into sweat in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) replicates in salivary glands of chronic hepatitis C patients and is released into the saliva, suggesting that HCV may replicate in other exocrine glands. The presence of positive and negative HCV RNA strands was demonstrated by in situ hybridization, and of HCV core protein by immunohistochemistry, in sweat glands and keratinocytes in healthy skin biopsies from 15 patients with chronic hepatitis C and 10 anti-HCV negative patients with chronic liver disease. Positive and negative HCV RNA strands were detected in 9.6 +/- 5.2% and 4.2 +/- 3.8%, respectively, of the epith

Pseudorabies virus infection induces IRF1-dependent PANoptosis to provoke the excessive release of HMGB1 and IL-1β.

PANoptosis is a newly described type of cell death that can be triggered upon microbial infection, autoinflammatory diseases, and cytokine storms, and involves the coordinated activation of pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis. Pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection has been reported to trigger excessive inflammatory responses in mice, swine, and in rare cases in humans, leading to acute viral encephalitis. However, the precise mechanisms by which PRV exacerbates host inflammation responses remain incompletely understood, and the potential role of PANoptosis in this pathogenic process has yet to

SNAP25 regulates the release of the Rabies virus in nerve cells via SNARE complex-mediated membrane fusion.

Recent studies have reported that host proteins regulate Rabies virus (RABV) infection via distinct mechanisms. The abnormal neural function caused by RABV infection is related to the abnormal synaptic signal transmission in which the RABV glycoprotein (G) is involved. In the present study, two recombinant Rabies viruses (rRABVs), namely rSAD-SAD-Flag-G and rSAD-CVS-Flag-G, were established and rescued based on rSAD and verified by indirect fluorescence assay (IFA), and western blotting (WB). To investigate how the G protein interacts with synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP25), primary n

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat and methamphetamine affect the release and activation of matrix-degrading proteinases.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) dementia (HIVD) is associated with an increase in the number of activated monocytes within the central nervous system (CNS), a pathological feature that may be more remarkable in the setting of superimposed substance abuse. Monocytes may transport HIV to the brain, and, moreover, activated and/or infected monocytes have been shown to release a number of potent neurotoxins. Although the mechanisms responsible for the increase in the CNS ingress of monocytes are multiple, blood-brain barrier (BBB)-degrading matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are likely to play an

Binding of the Andes Virus Nucleocapsid Protein to RhoGDI Induces the Release and Activation of the Permeability Factor RhoA.

Andes virus (ANDV) nonlytically infects pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMECs), causing acute pulmonary edema termed hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). In HPS patients, virtually every PMEC is infected; however, the mechanism by which ANDV induces vascular permeability and edema remains to be resolved. The ANDV nucleocapsid (N) protein activates the GTPase RhoA in primary human PMECs, causing VE-cadherin internalization from adherens junctions and PMEC permeability. We found that ANDV N protein failed to bind RhoA but coprecipitates RhoGDI (Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor), the pri

Rabies virus is recognized by the NLRP3 inflammasome and activates interleukin-1β release in murine dendritic cells.

Inflammasome activation is important for the development of an effective host defense against many pathogens, including RNA viruses. However, the mechanism by which the inflammasome recognizes RNA viruses and its role in rabies virus (RABV) pathogenicity and immunogenicity remain poorly defined. To determine the function of the inflammasome in response to RABV infection, we infected murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) with RABV. Our results indicate that the infection of BMDCs with RABV induces both the production of pro-interleukin-1β (pro-IL-1β) and its processing, resulting i

Antiviral activity of RNA molecules containing self-releasing ribozymes targeted to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.

Ribozymes catalytically cleave substrate RNA molecules in a sequence-specific manner. Engineered ribozymes can be developed and introduced into tissue culture cells to regulate gene expression and to inhibit viral replication. We have previously reported on the construction of cell lines that constitutively express a single antiviral ribozyme embedded in a lengthy RNA transcript. These cells exhibited a marked reduction in their ability to support viral infection. Here we report the construction of RNA molecules that contain one or two antiviral ribozymes, each specific for a different cleavag