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A cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide mimotope prolongs the survival of mice with Cryptococcus neoformans infection.

Defined Abs to the Cryptococcus neoformans capsular polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) have been shown to be protective against experi … de-protein conjugates produced by linking a peptide mimetic of GXM, P13, to either BSA, P13-BSA, or tetanus toxoid, P13-tetanus toxoid, was examined in BALB/c and CBA/n mice that received four s.c. injections of the conjugates at 14- to 30-day intervals. All mice immunized with conjugate produced IgM and IgG to P13 and GXM. Challenge of conjugate-immunized mice …

Обновленная информация о иммунизации детей.

Обсуждаются изменения, внесенные в 1997 и 1998 годах в график иммунизации детей в США, с уделением особого внимания использованию полиомиелитвируса, коклюша и комбинированных вакцин. Пероральная полиомиелитвирусная вакцина (ПВП), предпочтительная вакцина для всех четырех доз в серии иммунизации от полиомиелита с 1962 года, может вызвать паралитический полиомиелит, связанный с вакциной (ПППП). Неактивированная полиомиелитвирусная вакцина (ВПВ) не связана с ВАПП, но должна вводиться путем инъекции и обеспечивать более низкий кишечный иммунитет. С уменьшением угрозы импорта полиомиелитвируса в Со

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Changes made in 1997 and 1998 in the U.S. childhood immunization schedule are discussed, with a focus on the use of poliovirus, pertussis, a … ween the whole-cell vaccine and neurologic damage, has led to the development of new diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine products for use in the diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis immunization series. Several combination products were licensed in 1997, and more are on the way. This will mean fewer inoculations for children. I …

Carrier-induced epitope-specific regulation and its bypass in a protein-protein conjugate.

In the course of clinical trials on a birth control vaccine, it was found that some of the immunized women responded poorly to booster immunizations. This vaccine consists of a dimer of the beta chain of human chorionic gonadotropin (beta hCG) and the alpha chain of ovine luteinizing hormone (alpha oLH), linked to tetanus toxoid (TT) as a carrier. Changing this carrier to diphtheria toxoid resulted in reversion to high anti-hCG antibody titers, indicating the extent to which the carrier influences anti-ligand responses in this system. The suppression of anti-hCG responses after booster immuniz…

Preparation, characterization, and immunogenicity of meningococcal lipooligosaccharide-derived oligosaccharide-protein conjugates.

A method was developed for coupling carboxylic acid-containing oligosaccharides (OS) to proteins. An OS was isolated from Neisseria meningitidis group A strain A1 lipooligosaccharide (LOS). This LOS has no human glycolipid-like lacto-N-neotetraose structure and contains multiple immunotypes, including L8, found in group B and C strains. The carboxylic acid at 2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonic acid of the OS was linked through adipic acid dihydrazide to tetanus toxoid. The molar ratio of the OS to tetanus toxoid in three conjugates ranged from 11:1 to 19:1. The antigenicity of the OS was conserved in t…

Epidemic diphtheria in the Kyrgyz Republic, 1994-1998.

The Kyrgyz Republic experienced a widespread diphtheria epidemic during 1994-1998. National diphtheria surveillance and vaccination coverage information were used to describe the course of the epidemic. The epidemic began in August 1994, reached a peak in 1995 with 704 cases (incidence rate: 15.4/100,000 population) and 30 deaths, and declined to an incidence rate of 4.0/100,000 during the first 8 months of 1998. Age-specific incidence was highest in 1995 among persons 15-19 and 20-29 years old. Three rounds of mass vaccination with tetanus and diphtheria toxoids for adult use (Td) were conduc

Humoral immune response to tetanus-diphtheria vaccine given during extended use of chloroquine or primaquine malaria chemoprophylaxis.

Immune suppression resulting from prolonged chemoprophylaxis and potential drug-vaccine interaction were investigated within the context of a randomized placebo-controlled trial that compared daily primaquine or weekly chloroquine administration for malaria prevention. After 11 months of prophylaxis, adult male subjects received a tetanus-diphtheria (Td) vaccination. Prophylaxis continued 4 weeks longer. Anti-tetanus and anti-diphtheria antibody levels were measured by ELISA at baseline and at 1, 3, 7, and 14 months after Td vaccination. All groups were comparable at baseline. Immunization tri

A two-dose schedule for immunization of infants using a more concentrated DPT-vaccine.

In a controlled field-trial in infants in the Philippines, a two-dose schedule with an interval of 6 months between injections using a concentrated adsorbed DPT-vaccine was evaluated. The serologic response against the three components in the vaccine was satisfactory, whereas the side-effects in the concentrated vaccine group did not differ from those observed in a control DPT group. After two injections, the coverage percentage with DPT-vaccine was shown to be higher than 70%. Two implications of the introduction of the two-dose DPT-immunization schedule are discussed, i.e. (a) the possibilit

Successful control of epidemic diphtheria in the states of the Former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics: lessons learned.

Epidemic diphtheria reemerged in the Russian Federation in 1990 and spread to all Newly Independent States (NIS) and Baltic States by the end of 1994. Factors contributing to the epidemic included increased susceptibility of both children and adults, socioeconomic instability, population movement, deteriorating health infrastructure, initial shortages of vaccine, and delays in implementing control measures. In 1995, aggressive control strategies were implemented, and since then, all affected countries have reported decreases of diphtheria; however, continued efforts by national health authorit

[Neural complications after diphtheria vaccination and inoculations with diphtheria toxoid-mixed vaccines. Observations on their etiopathogenesis].

In five children neural complications occurred following diphtheria immunization. In two cases, damage was related to the injection (vaccination-induced poliomyelitis), in three cases it could be traced back to a hyperergic reaction to diphtheria toxoid on the cerebral vessels. The latter complication is typical of individuals being immunized against diphtheria. Such complications are extremely rare; by no means can they question the value of active immunization against diphtheria.

Post-vaccination symptoms following DTP and DT vaccination.

Post-vaccination symptoms in 6,004 infants given adsorbed Diphtheria Tetanus and Pertussis (DTP) vaccine and 4,024 infants given adsorbed Diphtheria and Tetanus (DT) vaccine have been compared. Although crying, screaming and fever were slightly more frequent after adsorbed DTP than adsorbed DT, attacks of high-pitched screaming, episodes of pallor and hypotonia, convulsions, other neurological disorders and sudden infant death occurred with similar frequency in the two groups. No specific neurological effect attributable to the pertussis component was found.

'Once Bitten': A Case of Tetanus Following Snakebite in Australia.

We present a case of tetanus following a snakebite in Victoria, Australia. An otherwise healthy 58-year-old woman presented following suspected Tiger snake (Notechis scutatus) bite with envenomation. She was not up-to-date with tetanus vaccination and was not offered a booster vaccination. She re-presented 12 days later with features consistent with tetanus infection and was treated with tetanus immunoglobulin and metronidazole with clinical improvement. Snakebites remain a risk for tetanus infection and the assessment of tetanus risk should be included within clinical guidelines for Australia

Preponderance of vaccine-preventable diseases hotspots in northern Ghana: a spatial and space-time clustering analysis from 2010 to 2014.

BACKGROUND: Vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) persist globally with a disproportionately high burden in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). Although this might be partly due to the failure to sustain vaccination coverage above 90% in some WHO regions, a more nuanced understanding of VPD transmission beyond vaccination coverage may unveil other important factors in VPD transmission and control. This study identified VPDs hotspots and explored their relationships with ecology, urbanicity and land-use variations (Artisanal and Small-scale Gold Mining (ASGM) activities) in Ghana. METHODS:

Ensilicated tetanus antigen retains immunogenicity: in vivo study and time-resolved SAXS characterization.

Our recently developed ensilication approach can physically stabilize proteins in silica without use of a pre-formed particle matrix. Stabil … ion. Here, we show that ensilication stabilizes tetanus toxin C fragment (TTCF), a component of the tetanus toxoid present in the diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (DTP) vaccine. Experimental in vivo immunization data show that the ensilicated material can be stored, transported at ambient temperatures, and even heat-treated without compromising the immunogenic …