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Constructal law in biosystems: The physics of design and evolution in flow architectures.

Introduced by Bejan in 1996, the constructal law asserts that a finite-size flow system must evolve into configurations that provide easier … wer laws of breathing and heartbeat; the unified mass scaling of running, swimming, and flying; the architecture of root-trunk-canopy systems; the morphology of bacterial colonies and stony corals; the optimal microvasculature of the brain; the stepwise growth of cell clusters; the geometry of social-insect nests; and the design of athletic performance can be …

The Insight Trap: Recursive Affective-Symbolic Loops and the Architecture of Chronicity.

RATIONALE: Chronic psychological suffering may persist despite adequate diagnosis, evidence-based treatment and preserved cognitive insight. … ption. CONCLUSION: Psychopathological chronicity may be better understood as an affective-symbolic architecture that organizes symptoms, self-appraisal, embodiment and relational patterns. Structural change may therefore require embodied and transferential interventions capable of disrupting the recursive core, together with operational markers for distinguis …

Copper-Doped Silicate Porous Architectures for Hard Tissue Engineering.

Porous silicate scaffolds represent a promising class of grafting materials for hard tissue engineering due to their superior bioactivity, adjustable degradation rates, and ability to stimulate both osteogenesis and angiogenesis. In this work, scaffolds based on an akermanite-targeted (Ca2MgSi2O7) starting composition, including copper-doped variants, were synthesized using sol-gel and combustion routes, followed by 3D printing to achieve porous architectures with controlled pore size and interconnectivity. The powders were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray…

Architectural good practices for reproducible benchmarking in protein machine learning.

Reliable benchmarking in protein machine learning requires biological tasks, datasets, representations, execution conditions, and evaluation … nal, protein-specific synthesis of established reproducibility practices through an artefact-linked architecture. We define five core requirements for verifiable benchmarking, including deterministic curation, persistent and versioned artefacts, explicit interface contracts, reproducible execution, and transparent evaluation. Prediction provenance, uncertainty …

Electrospun Fibrous Architectures for Localized Delivery of Photosensitizers in Cancer Therapy.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising localized strategy for the treatment of cervical cancer, ranking as the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide. The integration of photosensitizers (PSs) in localized drug delivery systems (DDSs), particularly in electrospun nanofibers, holds tremendous potential to overcome the drawbacks of their systemic administration. Exploring multilayer fibrous architectures provides a versatile therapeutic platform to design the next generation of localized DDS. In this work, localized implants for cancer treatment using PDT were developed using polyhyd…

Control of alluvial aquifer architecture on reductive and oxidative dechlorination of chloroethenes.

Groundwater quality and ecosystem function are significantly influenced by aquifer-hyporheic zone systems, particularly in cases where such systems interact with influent rivers. This study investigates the impact of the geological structure on natural attenuation of chloroethenes in such connected systems. Our research focuses on understanding the complex interactions between geological features and microbial dynamics, shedding light on perchloroethylene transformation from DNAPL sources. Field investigations were conducted in an alluvial aquifer with fluvial paleochannels dominated by gravel

Impact of quantization on various CNN architectures for bone fracture detection.

The skeletal system, comprising bones, plays a crucial role in physical support and locomotion. Any deformation of bones, due to trauma or medical conditions like osteoporosis, can lead to a bone fracture. Bone fractures are painful conditions requiring immediate medical attention. Automating fracture detection can play a significant role in early diagnosis and intervention for bone fractures. Convolutional neural networks (CNN) have shown promising results in multiple medical imaging applications. There is a wide variety of convolutional neural network architectures. Due to their high computa…

The temporal architecture of the seminiferous epithelial cycle revealed by spatial transcriptomics.

Spermatogenesis features the seminiferous epithelial cycle, a periodic progression of germ-cell differentiation along the seminiferous tubules. Using seqFISH+ spatial transcriptomics, we profiled 2,653 genes in 867,062 mouse testis cells, revealing tubule-level transcriptional patterns that recapitulate the cycle and enable high-resolution temporal mapping of cells. Unlike other somatic cells, Sertoli cells exhibit a cyclic transcriptional profile synchronized with spermatogenesis. This cyclicity persists in germ-cell-depleted testes (busulfan and W/Wv), although with gene-specific dephasing a

In the wisdom of Odin: modular architecture, receptor trafficking and therapeutic implications.

INTRODUCTION: Odin (ANKS1A) is a multidomain adaptor protein originally identified as a substrate of receptor tyrosine kinases. Over the pas … ent knowledge of Odin structure and function, with particular emphasis on how its conserved modular architecture may support its role as a coordinator of receptor trafficking, signaling, and membrane homeostasis. We further discuss emerging evidence linking Odin dysfunction to human diseases and review the limited therapeutic strategies currently available. E …

Catheter architecture as a determinant of cerebrospinal fluid flow in pediatric hydrocephalus.

Cerebral ventricular catheters (VCs) remain the critical but failure-prone component of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt systems for pediatri … of 167.5 (enlarged), 12.5 (moderate), and 20.6 mL (small). Four ventricular catheters with varying architectures from our institutional biobank were reverse engineered using confocal microscopy. Catheters were virtually implanted into the lateral ventricles under frontal, parietal, and occipital placements. Computational fluid dynamic simulations were perform …

Genetic architecture of 67 oral diseases and their links to systemic diseases.

Oral and craniofacial diseases are common, yet their genetic basis and links to systemic health are incompletely understood. We performed genome-wide association analyses of 67 oral phenotypes in 500,348 FinnGen participants, identifying 102 genome-wide significant loci, including 45 previously unreported associations. 48 loci remained significant after category-level Bonferroni correction. Fine-mapping revealed 14 coding variants, such as a missense variant in USP31 for caries and in MANBA for oral leukoplakia, and a stop-gained variant in GPNMB for temporomandibular disorders. Human leukocyt

A behavioral architecture for realistic simulations of Drosophila larva locomotion and foraging.

The Drosophila larva is extensively used as a model organism in neuroethological studies where precise behavioral tracking enables the statistical analysis of individual and population-level behavioral metrics that can inform mathematical models of larval behavior. Here, we propose a hierarchical model architecture comprising three layers to facilitate modular model construction, closed-loop simulations, and direct comparisons between empirical and simulated data. At the motor layer, the autonomous locomotory model is capable of performing exploration. Based on novel kinematic analyses, our mo…

Contrasting genetic architectures of multiple sclerosis susceptibility and outcome phenotypes.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by substantial clinical heterogeneity, yet the factors governing long-term outcomes remain poorly understood. Over the past two decades, genome-wide association studies have identified an increasing number of genetic variants influencing MS susceptibility, predominantly implicating immune pathways. Whether these same variants also shape disease course after onset is a question with direct implications for risk prediction, causal inference, and drug development in patients with established disease. This review examines the relationship between MS suscept

Assessment of CNNs, transformers, and hybrid architectures in dental image segmentation.

OBJECTIVES: Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have long dominated image analysis in dentistry, reaching remarkable results in a range of different tasks. However, Transformer-based architectures, originally proposed for Natural Language Processing, are also promising for dental image analysis. The present study aimed to compare CNNs with Transformers for different image analysis tasks in dentistry. METHODS: Two CNNs (U-Net, DeepLabV3+), two Hybrids (SwinUNETR, UNETR) and two Transformer-based architectures (TransDeepLab, SwinUnet) were compared on three dental segmentation tasks on differe…

Underlying Polymorphism: Superhelical Crystallization Induces Architectural and Functional Diversity.

Crystallized peptide assemblies have demonstrated useful physicochemical and electromechanical features due to the highly ordered supramolecular packing driven by efficient and extensive non-covalent interactions. However, the structural polymorphism of the bioinspired self-assemblies poses challenges for their rational design and scale production as sustainable, eco-friendly, and tailorable materials for technology applications. Here, it is demonstrated that peptide polymorphic crystallization is a hierarchical process, evolving from initially flexible, twisted nanofibrils bundling to form ri

A gait recognition architecture for early screening in the assessment of Parkinson's patients.

Parkinson's disease (PD), a common neurodegenerative disorder, is estimated to affect over two million people in China, with a trend towards younger demographics, posing a significant challenge to public health. Traditional diagnostic methods rely heavily on manual detection, which is inefficient and highly susceptible to subjective biases. Gait recognition, as a long-distance, non-contact, and efficient human identification technology, has garnered attention from researchers. However, existing gait recognition architectures have deficiencies in gait feature capture, sampling flexibility, gene…

Intelligence Architectures and Machine Learning Applications in Contemporary Spine Care.

The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) technologies has initiated a paradigm shift in contemporary spine care. This narrative review synthesizes advances across imaging-based diagnostics, surgical planning, genomic risk stratification, and post-operative outcome prediction. We critically assess high-performing AI tools, such as convolutional neural networks for vertebral fracture detection, robotic guidance platforms like Mazor X and ExcelsiusGPS, and deep learning-based morphometric analysis systems. In parallel, we examine the emergence of ambient clini

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… Foundational studies on algorithm development and AI architectures dating back to 2007 (e.g., Gstoettner et al. on Cobb angle measurement accuracy [ 9 ]) were included to provide historical context. 2.2. … Larger, better-curated training corpora, improved network architectures and transfer-learning methods, and more sophisticated image-reconstruction pipelines have raised retrospective test metrics. …

Polysomnographic sleep architectural disruption associated with atrial fibrillation development.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To examine the unclear, inconsistent role of sleep architectural disruption in atrial fibrillation (AF) development. METH … ed with increased incident AF in this large clinical cohort. These results suggest that sleep macro-architecture can influence AF development. Mechanistic and prospective studies are needed to verify whether sleep disruption is a novel target for AF prevention.

The genetic architecture of primary lateral sclerosis in a cohort of Italian patients.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Recent studies suggest that primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) may have a genetic component. In this work, we performed a next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis in order to explore the genetic architecture of PLS in a cohort of Italian patients. METHODS: NGS was conducted to analyze 228 genes associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), and parkinsonian syndromes (PS) in a cohort of PLS patients diagnosed between 2003 and 2021 at our center. All patients were also screened for C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion (C9orf72…