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Venous graft-derived cells participate in peripheral nerve regeneration.

BACKGROUND: Based on growing evidence that some adult multipotent cells necessary for tissue regeneration reside in the walls of blood vesse … cells bearing Y chromosomes integrated into the area of the host injured nerve and participated in remyelination and nerve regeneration. The regenerated nerve exhibited proper axonal myelination, and expressed neuronal and glial cell markers. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These novel findings identify the mechanism by which vein wrapping promotes nerve regenerati …

The protooncogene Ski controls Schwann cell proliferation and myelination.

Schwann cell proliferation and subsequent differentiation to nonmyelinating and myelinating cells are closely linked processes. Elucidating … le. Consistent with these findings, myelinating Schwann cells upregulate Ski during development and remyelination after injury. Myelination is blocked in myelin-competent cultures derived from Ski-deficient animals, and genes encoding myelin components are downregulated in Ski-deficient nerves. Conversely, overexpression of Ski in Schwann cells causes an upregu …

Use of intravenous immunoglobulin in multiple sclerosis.

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) pooled from healthy human volunteers has a role in several immunomodulating mechanisms which may affect the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Modulation of the disease course by IVIg is achieved both by limiting the inflammatory process and by enhancing remyelination. Clinical evidence of the effects of IVIg in multiple sclerosis is based on the results of several trials demonstrating the beneficial effects of IVIg on the relapse rate and on neurological disability. Brain magnetic resonance imaging studies support the clinical results by showing a decrease i…

Mitochondrial changes in muscle phosphoglycerate kinase deficiency.

X-linked phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) deficiency is a rare disorder which affects the glycolytic pathway and leads to reduced ATP productio … l nerve biopsy disclosed scattered large hypomyelinated axons without evidence of demyelination and remyelination. These findings indicate involvement of mitochondria in this case of symptomatic PGK deficiency.

A case of childhood multiple sclerosis with peripheral neuropathy.

A twelve-year-old girl with multiple sclerosis and peripheral neuropathy is reported. When nine years old, she was diagnosed as having Devic … ebris within Schwann cell cytoplasm and demyelinated axons. These findings showed demyelination and remyelination of the peripheral nervous system in this patient with multiple sclerosis. We discuss the relation of multiple sclerosis and peripheral neuropathy.

Sensorimotor polyneuropathy in light chain multiple myeloma.

The authors describe an adult onset sensorimotor polyneuropathy in a woman with light chain K-type myeloma. Neurophysiological investigation … n cell processes without any interposition of collagen fibrils. Some fibers exhibit signs of active remyelination; axonal alterations were rarely seen. Collagen pockets were frequently observed among proliferated collagen fibrils. The mechanism of peripheral nerve lesions in various categories of multiple myeloma is till now an unsolved problem. In this case th …

In vivo demyelination by antimyelin antibodies.

Central nervous system (CNS) myelin-specific antiserum was capable of initiating primary demyelination within 24 h following injection into … on revealed vesiculation of myelin followed by cleavage of myelin lamellae at the intraperiod line. Remyelination began between 7 and 10 days following injection and correlated well with clinical evidence of recovery. The results of this study point to the importance of circulating antimyelin antibodies in the pathogenesis of demyelinating encephalitis. The mod …

Mitochondrial microprotein MOCCI controls neuroinflammation by altering glial activation states.

Metabolic regulation and its underlying mechanisms play a critical role in controlling and resolving inflammation in the brain, directly sha … s. In the cuprizone mouse model of multiple sclerosis, MOCCI plays a role in both demyelination and remyelination. These results position MOCCI as a molecular brake on neuroinflammation, highlighting its therapeutic potential for targeting glial metabolic health and resolving chronic CNS inflammation in neurodegenerative disease.

Возможная роль метаформы и фибробластного роста Factor-21 В Multical Sclerosis Neuropathology: Birds of a Feather Flock Common.

Множественный склероз (MS) — прогрессивное демиелинизирующее заболевание CNS, характеризующееся воспалением, образованием CNS-клеров и повреждением нейронной миелинской оболочки (graphical abstract). Фактор роста фибробласта 21 (FGF21) занимается различными метаболическими расстройствами и нейродегенеративными заболеваниями. FFF21 и его корецептор β-Kloth имеют существенно важное значение для процесса ремиелиции MS. Метформин, инсулин-сенсибилизирующее лекарство, которое является первой линией лечения для типа 2 Мэлитус диабета (T2DM) может оказывать потенциальное нейрозащитное воздействие, ре

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive demyelinating disease of the CNS, characterized by inflammation, the formation of CNS plaques, and … ic disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. FGF21 and its co-receptor β-Kloth are essential in the remyelination process of MS. Metformin, an insulin-sensitizing drug that is the first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), may have a potential neuroprotective impact by up-regulating the production of FGF21, which may prevent the onset of neurodeg …

Expression of DDR1 in the CNS and in myelinating oligodendrocytes.

Discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) is a tyrosine kinase receptor that is activated by fibrillar collagens. Here, we review the expression and role of DDR1 in the central nervous system (CNS). In a murine model, DDR1 is expressed in oligodendrocytes in the developing brain and during remyelination. In human adult brain tissue, DDR1 is detected in a similar pattern as other classical myelin proteins such as myelin basic protein (MBP). Up to 50 transcripts of DDR1 have been detected in human tissues, of which 5 isoforms have been identified. In the human brain, all 5 isoforms are detectable, but …

c-Jun, krox-20, and integrin beta4 expression following chronic nerve compression injury.

Limited work has been done to investigate the molecular mechanisms behind the process of demyelination and remyelination that occurs in response to chronic nerve compression (CNC) injury. In the present study, we investigated the expression of the transcription factors krox-20 and c-jun, positive and negative regulators of myelination, respectively. A decrease in krox-20 expression and an increase in c-jun expression in both its phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated states were observed. In addition, we investigated the role of integrins, specifically the beta4 subunit of the alpha6beta4 dimer…

[Child case of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy showing phagocytic myelinolysis and regenerative changes on electron microscopic analysis of the sural nerve].

We reported a 9-year-old boy with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) showing characteristic electron microscopic study findings on a sural nerve biopsy. He came to our hospital because of muscle weakness progressing slowly for 2 years. He developed distal muscle weakness and areflexia. Cerebrospinal fluid protein was elevated without pleocytosis. Moter conduction velocities were reduced. Partial conduction block and abnormal temporal dispersion were present. The electron microscopic findings on a sural nerve biopsy comprised both active demyelinating lesions, i.e., macrop

Bridging small-gap peripheral nerve defects using biodegradable chitin conduits with cultured schwann and bone marrow stromal cells in rats.

Nerve regeneration requires not only an autologous, allogenous, or biodegradable scaffolding, but additional interactions with regeneration-promoting Schwann cells. Considering the pluripotency of bone marrow stromal cells into different lineages, the authors compared biodegradable conduits with the application of cultured Schwann cells and bone marrow stromal cells in a rat sciatic injury model. Simple conduit bridging served as controls. Electrophysiologic evaluation and histologic morphometrical analysis were performed after 6 weeks; both groups with cultured cells showed a statistically si

Buyang Huanwu decoction improves motor function by enhancing internal capsule reorganization through inhibiting Notch signaling after ischemic stroke.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BHD) is a common traditional Chinese medicine formula that has been used for the tr … assessment of the internal capsule. Double immunofluorescence staining was carried out to evaluate remyelination and Notch signaling activation in the injured internal capsule. RESULTS: The gait analysis revealed that BHD treatment significantly decreased stance time while elevating swing time, stride length, and paw area of the MCAO rats. T2 mapping indicate …

NaHS restores mitochondrial function and inhibits autophagy by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway to improve functional recovery after traumatic brain injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most serious public health problems in the world. TBI causes neurological deficits by triggering … ined the integrity of the blood brain barrier (BBB), protected neurons from apoptosis, and promoted remyelination and axonal reparation but also protected mitochondrial function. In addition, we found that autophagy was inhibited after treatment with NaHS following TBI, an effect that was induced by activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway. Our study …

Multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis continues to be a challenging and disabling condition but there is now greater understanding of the underlying genetic an … challenge for multiple sclerosis is the development of treatments incorporating neuroprotection and remyelination to treat and ultimately prevent the disabling, progressive forms of the condition.

Regulation of oligodendrocyte precursor migration during development, in adulthood and in pathology.

Oligodendrocytes are the myelin-forming cells in the central nervous system (CNS). These cells originate from oligodendrocyte precursor cell … nimal models of demyelination and of the demyelinating disease, multiple sclerosis. The spontaneous remyelination observed after damage in demyelinating pathologies has a limited effect. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the biology of OPCs, particularly adult OPCs, should help in the design of neuroregenerative strategies to combat …

Prolactin in multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is more common among women than men. MS often goes into remission during pregnancy, when prolactin (PRL) levels are known to be high. In an animal model of demyelination, PRL promoted myelin repair, suggesting it has potential as a remyelinating therapy in MS. In this systematic review, we examined the known associations between PRL and MS, in order to elucidate its potential role in the pathophysiology and treatment of MS. A systematic search was performed in the electronic databases PubMed and EMBASE, using the keywords "prolactin" AND "multiple sclerosis." The inclus

FTY720, sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator, selectively radioprotects hippocampal neural stem cells.

Cranial irradiation is an effective treatment modality for both primary and metastatic brain tumors, yet it induces cognitive decline in a s … rosis, has been shown to promote the survival and differentiation of neural progenitors, as well as remyelination and repair after brain injury. In this study, we show that FTY720, used at nanomolar concentrations, is capable of increasing the viability and neurogenicity of irradiated neural stem cells from the hippocampus. In contrast, it does not provide radi …

Effect of severe crush injury on axonal regeneration: a functional and ultrastructural study.

In the present study, we performed sciatic nerve compression for 30, 45, and 60 minutes by the Yasargil aneurysm clip and observed recovery on postoperative days 14, 28, and 42. We observed that as compress time increases, functional recovery and morphological regeneration of crushed sciatic nerve needs longer time. Additionally, we showed which cells are durable in nerve regeneration after crush injury. Nerve regeneration or recovery depends on trauma durations in which a longer recovery time is needed after longtime pressure. Although Schwann cells are found to be resistant and this might be