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Divergent trajectories of antiviral memory after SARS-CoV-2 infection.

The trajectories of acquired immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection are not fully understood. We present a detailed longitudinal cohort study of UK healthcare workers prior to vaccination, presenting April-June 2020 with asymptomatic or symptomatic infection. Here we show a highly variable range of responses, some of which (T cell interferon-gamma ELISpot, N-specific antibody) wane over time, while others (spike-specific antibody, B cell memory ELISpot) are stable. We use integrative analysis and a machine-learning approach (SIMON - Sequential Iterative Modeling

Hepatitis C infection and thyrotoxic periodic paralysis--a novel use of an old drug.

Hypokalaemic thyrotoxic periodic paralysis is an enigmatic and uncommon condition which occurs exclusively in males of Asian descent. The underlying causes of thyrotoxicosis may be any of the well-recognized etiologies including a toxic multinodular goiter, Graves' disease or iodine excess. Beside thyrotoxicosis, a number of other hormonal factors have been hypothesized to contribute to hypokalaemic thyrotoxic periodic paralysis, particularly postprandial hyperinsulinaemia and testosterone. We hereby present a case of a 48-year-old hepatitis C positive gender-assigned man in whom all of these

Antitumour immunity of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin and interferon alpha in murine bladder cancer.

Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) immunotherapy is currently the optimal choice for aggressive superficial bladder cancer, with a 70% response rate. This study investigated whether the antitumour response elicited by BCG could be improved by the addition of recombinant interferon alpha (IFN alpha) in the subcutaneous murine MB49 bladder tumour model. The combination of BCG and IFN alpha had superior and earlier antitumour activity than BCG alone for MB49 cells in culture. A total of 14/15 BCG plus interferon-treated mice and 8/16 BCG-treated mice became tumour free after treatment. B

Expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 on transitional cell cancer. Possible significance in immunity against tumor cells.

Immunohistochemical examination demonstrated expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on 17 of 44 transitional cell cancers (TCCs) but not on normal transitional cells. ICAM-1 was frequently expressed in higher stage tumors, especially in those with abundant immune cells scattered within tumor. Analysis of infiltrating immune cells showed that they were composed mainly of T lymphocytes and a smaller number of macrophages bearing the lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1). Expression of ICAM-1 on transitional cell cancer cell lines was augmented by in vitro treatment w

Experimental study on Reye's syndrome: inhibitory effect of interferon alfa on acetylsalicylate-induced injury to rat liver mitochondria.

Viral infection and acetylsalicylate (ASA)-induced mitochondrial aberration have been reported to play important roles in the pathogenesis of Reye's syndrome. We report that increasing amounts of ASA (0 to 250 mumol/L) resulted in increases in state 4 respiration and decreases in state 3 respiration in rat liver mitochondria in vitro when using alpha-ketoglutarate and/or beta-hydroxybutyrate as respiratory substrates, but not when using succinate as substrate. Interferon alfa (IFN-alpha) (1.5 to 5 x 10(4)IU/mL, approximately 1/100 the therapeutic dosage for humans) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) (1.

Cytokine and Chemokine Concentration in the Tear of Patients with Age-Related Cataract.

PURPOSE: The present study measured 41 soluble mediators in the tear of 19 patients with age-related cataract and 32 healthy adults as controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective, case-control study in which, using multiple immunoassays, we measured in tear samples the following molecules: EGF, FGF-2, Eotaxin, TGF-α, G-CSF, Flt-3L, GM-CSF, Fractalkine, IFN-α2, IFN-γ, GRO, IL-10, MCP-3, IL-12p40, MDC, IL-12p70, PDGF-AA, IL-13, PDGF-AB/BB, IL-15, sCD40L, IL-17a, IL-1ra, IL-1α, IL-9, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, RANTES, TNFα, TNFβ, VE

Activation status of astrocytes drives the MS/NMOSD therapeutic paradox: Insights from IFNAR1 signaling.

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that, despite overlapping phenotypic features with multiple sclerosis (MS), manifests with more severe clinical outcomes. The defining pathogenic driver of NMOSD is the aquaporin-4 (AQP4) autoantibody, which induces astrocytic injury via complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). MS is predominantly managed with disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) such as interferon-beta (IFN-β) to reduce relapse rates. However, these therapies are often ineffective or even detrimental in N…

Salmonella Typhimurium infection inhibits macrophage IFNβ signaling in a TLR4-dependent manner.

Type I Interferons (IFNs) generally have a protective role during viral infections, but their function during bacterial infections is dependent on the bacterial species. Legionella pneumophila, Shigella sonnei and Mycobacterium tuberculosis can inhibit type I IFN signaling. Here we examined the role of type I IFN, specifically IFNβ, in the context of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (STm) macrophage infections and the capacity of STm to inhibit type I IFN signaling. We demonstrate that IFNβ has no effect on the intracellular growth of STm in infected bone marrow derived macrophages (BMD

Persistent viral infection elevates central nervous system MHC class I through chronic production of interferons.

Persistence of even the stealthiest viruses can perturb immune function either to the benefit or detriment of the host. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) establishes lifelong, systemic persistence when introduced in utero or at birth. Despite a highly evolved host-pathogen relationship, LCMV cannot escape detection by the innate immune system, which results in chronic stimulation of the type 1 IFN pathway in adult carrier mice. In this study we demonstrate that IFN-beta is chronically up-regulated in peripheral lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues (but not the CNS) of mice persistently inf

Chronic motor neuropathies: response to interferon-beta1a after failure of conventional therapies.

OBJECTIVES: The effect of interferon-beta1a (INF-beta1a; Rebif) was studied in patients with chronic motor neuropathies not improving after conventional treatments such as immunoglobulins, steroids, cyclophosphamide or plasma exchange. METHODS: A prospective open study was performed with a duration of 6-12 months. Three patients with a multifocal motor neuropathy and one patient with a pure motor form of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy were enrolled. Three patients had anti-GM1 antibodies. Treatment consisted of subcutaneous injections of IBF-beta1a (6 MIU), three times a we…

Peritoneal fluid cytokine and eicosanoid levels and their relation to the incidence of peritoneal adhesion.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the peritoneal fluid content of several cytokines and eicosanoids with inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and fibrotic activities, and to assess the relationship of these levels with the incidence of peritoneal adhesions. METHODS: Peritoneal fluids were collected from 30 subjects with adhesions (n = 22) or with normal pelvic anatomy (n = 8), and the level of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta 1), granulocyte macrophage-col

Variation in interferon sensitivity and induction among strains of eastern equine encephalitis virus.

Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) causes human encephalitis in North America (NA), but in South America (SA) it has rarely been associated with human disease, suggesting that SA strains are less virulent. To evaluate the hypothesis that this virulence difference is due to a greater ability of NA strains to evade innate immunity, we compared replication of NA and SA strains in Vero cells pretreated with interferon (IFN). Human IFN-alpha, -beta, and -gamma generally exhibited less effect on replication of NA than SA strains, supporting this hypothesis. In the murine model, no consistent d

Hepatitis C Virus Evades Interferon Signaling by Suppressing Long Noncoding RNA Linc-Pint Involving C/EBP-β.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) regulates many cellular genes in modulating the host immune system for benefit of viral replication and long-term persistence in a host for chronic infection. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in the regulation of many important cellular processes, including immune responses. We recently reported that HCV infection downregulates lncRNA Linc-Pint (long intergenic non-protein-coding RNA p53-induced transcript) expression, although the mechanism of repression and functional consequences are not well understood. In this study, we demonstrate that HCV infe

Pineal indoles stimulate the gene expression of immunomodulating cytokines.

Male C57 mice received 10 consecutive daily intraperitoneal injections of melatonin, 5-methoxytryptamine or 5-methoxytryptophol (5mg/kg body weight). Control mice received the alcoholic saline vehicle. All mice were sacrificed 24 hours after the last injection. Following extraction of RNA from peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) and splenocytes, the level of gene expression was analyzed with the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results revealed that melatonin up-regulated the level of gene expression of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), macrophage-colony stimu

Toll-like receptor engagement converts T-cell autoreactivity into overt autoimmune disease.

Autoimmune diabetes mellitus in humans is characterized by immunological destruction of pancreatic beta islet cells. We investigated the circumstances under which CD8(+) T cells specific for pancreatic beta-islet antigens induce disease in mice expressing lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) glycoprotein (GP) as a transgene under the control of the rat insulin promoter. In contrast to infection with LCMV, immunization with LCMV-GP derived peptide did not induce autoimmune diabetes despite large numbers of autoreactive cytotoxic T cells. Only subsequent treatment with Toll-like receptor li

Type I IFN are host modulators of strain-specific Listeria monocytogenes virulence.

Type I IFN (IFN-I) increase the sensitivity of cells and mice to lethal infection with Listeria monocytogenes. Therefore the amount of IFN-I produced during infection might be an important factor determining Listeria virulence. Two commonly used strains of L. monocytogenes, EGD and LO28, were identified as, respectively, low and high inducers of IFN-I synthesis in infected macrophages. Increased IFN-I production resulted from the stronger ability of the LO28 strain to trigger the IRF3 signalling pathway and correlated with an increased sensitization of macrophages to lethal infection. In contr

Интерлейкин-1бета, интерлейкин-1 рецепторные антагонистические уровни у пациентов с субакутным склерозом панэнцефалита и эффектом различных протоколов лечения.

Подводные склерозы панэнцефалита — это редкое прогрессивное воспалительное заболевание центральной нервной системы, вызванное стойкой аберрантной корью. Цитокины - это полипептиды, которые регулируют иммунную реакцию и подстрекательские реакции. Interleukin-1beta была замешана в качестве центрального посредника в повреждении тканей и разрушении ряда заболеваний центральной нервной системы. Интерлейкин-1-рецепторный антагонист может функционировать как важный антивоспалительный цитокин. Мы изучали уровни интерлейкина-1беты и интерлейкина-1 рецептора антагонистов в цереброспинных жидкостях пацие

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is a rare progressive inflammatory disease of the central nervous system caused by a persistent aberrant … inosine (group 2), 5 patients with intraventricular interferon-alpha (group 3), and 6 patients with interferon-beta (group 4). The results were compared within the groups and also with the results of 10 patients with other neurologic disease (group 5). The interleukin-1beta concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid and sera were all below the detection limits (3.9 pg …

Evaluation of Innate Immune Mediators Related to Respiratory Viruses in the Lung of Stable COPD Patients.

Background: Little is known about the innate immune response to viral infections in stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Objectives: To evaluate the innate immune mediators related to respiratory viruses in the bronchial biopsies and lung parenchyma of stable COPD patients. Methods: We evaluated the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of Toll-like receptors 3-7-8-9 (TLR-3-7-8-9), TIR domain-containing adaptor inducing IFNβ (TRIF), Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), Phospho interferon regulatory factor 3  ( pIRF3), Interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7), Phospho interfe

TLR7/9 and type I interferon signaling reprogram neutrophil NET responses and impair antibacterial defense in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are susceptible to bacterial infections, but the mechanisms remain unclear. We found that Staphylococcus aureus triggers mitochondria-dependent suicidal neutrophil extracellular trap (NET)osis through lactate sensing in healthy neutrophils, whereas this response is defective in SLE. Sustained Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/9 signaling reduced mitochondrial lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB), thereby impairing lactate sensing and suicidal NETosis. Instead, SLE neutrophils were biased toward vital NET release, a less bactericidal, type I interferon (IFN)-