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Gaining Brain Insights by Tapping into the Black Box: Linking Structural MRI Features to Age and Cognition using Shapley-Based Interpretation Methods.

Global interpretability in machine learning holds great potential for extracting meaningful insights from neuroimaging data to improve our understanding of brain function. Although various approaches exist to identify key contributing features at both local and global levels, the high dimensionality and correlations in neuroimaging data require careful selection of interpretability methods to achieve reliable global insights into brain function using machine learning. In this study, we evaluate multiple interpretability techniques such as SHAP, which relies on feature independence, as well as

Effects of sMRI-guided rTMS on brain function and structure in major depressive disorder.

BACKGROUND: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) guided by structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) has emerged as a promising non-invasive treatment. However, the neural mechanisms underlying its efficacy remain unclear. METHODS: Thirty-three MDD patients and forty-two healthy controls underwent resting-state functional MRI and structural MRI scans. Among the MDD patients, thirty were rescanned after receiving 10 sessions of sMRI-guided rTMS over 2 weeks. Amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (AL

A randomized clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation and music therapy in mild cognitive impairment in Huntington's disease.

BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairment is a core feature of Huntington's disease (HD), yet no disease-modifying or symptomatic interventions have … of global cognition, functional, motor, and neuropsychiatric assessments, along with structural and functional neuroimaging. RESULTS: Both CT and MT groups demonstrated significant improvements in primary and secondary cognitive endpoints, including global cognition an composite measures of disease severity. Regression analysis identified longitudinal cognitive score ch …

Aging effects on electrical and hemodynamic responses in the sensorimotor network during unilateral proximal upper limb functional tasks.

Healthy aging leads to poorer performance in upper limb (UL) daily living movements. Understanding the neural correlates linked with UL functional movements may help to better understand how healthy aging affects motor control. Two non-invasive neuroimaging methods allow for monitoring the movement-related brain activity: functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and electroencephalography (EEG), respectively based on the hemodynamic response and electrical activity of brain regions. Coupled, they provide a better spatiotemporal mapping. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of

Predictive value of MoCA in the acute phase of stroke on the diagnosis of mid-term cognitive impairment.

Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) includes all forms of cognitive decline that develop after stroke, even if not severe enough to fit the criteria of dementia. Our aims were to investigate the predictive value of a brief bedside examination (Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA) in the acute phase of stroke on the diagnosis of mid-term PSCI, taking into account other clinical, cognitive, functional, and neuroimaging predictors. Consecutive patients admitted to a stroke unit were evaluated with MoCA between 5 and 9 days after stroke. At baseline, clinical, functional, and neuroimaging data

Neuroimaging techniques in epilepsy.

OBJECTIVE: To review state-of-the-art neuroimaging modalities in epilepsy and their clinical applications. DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION: PubMed literature searches to March 2010, using the following key words: 'epilepsy', 'positron emission tomography (PET)', 'single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)', 'MR volumetry', 'diffusion tensor imaging', and 'functional MR imaging'. DATA EXTRACTION: All articles including neuroimaging techniques in epilepsy were included in the review. DATA SYNTHESIS: High-field magnetic resonance imaging is fundamental for high-resolution structural i

Multi-Modal Imaging in Down's Syndrome: Maximizing Utility Through Innovative Neuroimaging Approaches.

In recent decades, the field of neuroimaging has experienced a surge of popularity and innovation which has led to significant advancements in the understanding of neurological disease, if not immediate clinical translation. In the case of Down's syndrome, a complex interplay of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative processes occur as a result of the trisomy of chromosome 21. The substantial potential impact of improved clinical intervention and the limited research under-taken to date make it a prime candidate for longitudinal neuroimaging-based study. However, as with a multitude of other

No Evidence of a Difference in Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging Lesion Burden or Functional Network Connectivity between Children with Typical and Delayed Recovery Two Weeks Post-Concussion.

Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging have been highlighted as two novel neuroimaging modalities that have been underutilized when attempting to predict whether a child with concussion will recover normally or have a delayed recovery course. This study aimed to investigate whether there was a difference between children who recover normally from a concussion and children with delayed recovery in terms of SWI lesion burden and resting state network makeup. Forty-one children who presented to the emergency department of a tertiary level ped

Resting-state Abnormalities in Heroin-dependent Individuals.

Drug addiction is a major health problem worldwide. Recent neuroimaging studies have shed light into the underlying mechanisms of drug addiction as well as its consequences to the human brain. The most vulnerable, to heroin addiction, brain regions have been reported to be specific prefrontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal regions, as well as, some subcortical regions. The brain regions involved are usually linked with reward, motivation/drive, memory/learning, inhibition as well as emotional control and seem to form circuits that interact with each other. So, along with neuroimaging studi

Understanding the role of the prefrontal cortex in phonological processing.

Lesion studies have demonstrated impairments of specific types of phonological processes. However, results from neuropsychological studies of speech sound processing have been inconclusive as to the role of specific brain regions because of a lack of a one-to-one correspondence between behavioural patterns and lesion location. Functional neuroimaging studies have contributed more detailed information about the involvement of specific brain regions in a wide range of phonological tasks. A framework developed by Hickok and Poeppel to account for these neuropsychological and neuroimaging results …

The cerebellum in dystonia: key player or background support?

Since the 1960s, the pathophysiology of dystonia has been primarily attributed to dysfunction of the basal ganglia and their associated pathways. However, growing evidence from both basic and clinical research has highlighted the additional importance of the cerebellum, suggesting that dystonia arises from a motor-network dysfunction involving not only the basal ganglia, but also the cerebellum. Neuroimaging studies reinforce this concept, revealing structural and functional abnormalities in the cerebellum and its afferent pathways in patients with dystonia. Moreover, the dual involvement of t

Recent advances in Tourette syndrome research.

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a developmentally regulated neurobehavioral disorder characterized by involuntary, stereotyped, repetitive movements. Recent anatomical and neuroimaging studies have provided evidence for abnormal basal ganglia and dopaminergic function in TS. Basic research on striatal inhibitory mechanisms and dopaminergic function complements the recent neuroimaging and anatomical data. Parallel studies of basal ganglia participation in the normal performance and learning of stereotyped repetitive behaviors or habits has provided additional insight. These lines of research have pro

Effects of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor modulation on brain glutamate, functional connectivity, and clinical symptoms in fibromyalgia.

OBJECTIVE: This exploratory, 2-site phase 2 clinical trial investigated whether neuroimaging biomarkers could demonstrate the analgesic potential of NYX-2925, a novel N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor modulator, in women with fibromyalgia. METHODS: Twenty-two participants completed sequential 2-week treatment periods: placebo, 20 mg NYX-2925, and 200 mg NYX-2925. Resting state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy were performed during the second week of each period. RESULTS: The 200 mg dose produced statistically significant improvements i

Effects of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Neuroimaging Biomarkers and Cognition in Adult Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Rationale: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with cognitive impairment. The effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on neuroimaging biomarkers and cognitive performance among middle-aged patients with OSA and normal cognition remain unclear. Objectives: To investigate the effects of CPAP therapy over 12 months on neuroimaging biomarkers and cognitive performance. Methods: In this multicenter, randomized clinical trial, we randomly assigned 148 participants with normal cognition and an apnea-hypopnea index ⩾15/h into two groups: patients receiving CPAP with best supporti

Efficacy of MR Imaging Findings in Clinical Management of Hepatic Encephalopathy and Alzheimer's Disease.

In the aging society, distinguishing hepatic encephalopathy (HE) from Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses significant clinical challenges attributed to overlapping neuropsychiatric symptoms including memory loss, disorientation, and impaired daily functioning. Traditional diagnostic approaches relying on clinical assessment and biochemical markers often prove insufficient, necessitating advanced neuroimaging techniques for differential diagnosis. This review examines magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques for differential diagnosis of HE and AD, focusing on T1-weighted imaging findings charact

Interplay between Sex and Disease Burden in Huntington's Disease: Clinical and Neuroimaging Perspectives.

BACKGROUND: Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by a cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeat expansion in the hungtintin gene. The disease exhibits sex-related differences in symptomatology and disease progression, but the effect on brain structural biomarkers and the interaction between sex and disease burden remain underexplored. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the interplay between sex and disease burden on clinical measures and neuroimaging biomarkers in HD. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed data from Enroll-HD, TRACK-HD/ON, PREDICT-HD, and IMAGE-HD s

Behavioral and Emotional Dyscontrol Following Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review of Neuroimaging and Electrophysiological Correlates.

BACKGROUND: Behavioral and emotional dyscontrol commonly occur following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Neuroimaging and electrophysiological correlates of dyscontrol have not been systematically summarized in the literature to date. OBJECTIVE: To complete a systematic review of the literature examining neuroimaging and electrophysiological findings related to behavioral and emotional dyscontrol due to TBI. METHODS: A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-compliant literature search was conducted in PubMed (MEDLINE), PsycINFO, EMBASE, and Scopus databases prior to

The MCIC collection: a shared repository of multi-modal, multi-site brain image data from a clinical investigation of schizophrenia.

Expertly collected, well-curated data sets consisting of comprehensive clinical characterization and raw structural, functional and diffusio … iple sites permitted the integration and cross-validation of clinical, cognitive, morphometric, and functional neuroimaging results gathered from unique samples of schizophrenia patients and controls using a common protocol across sites. Particular effort was made to recruit patients early in the course of their illness, at the onset of their symptoms. There is a relativ …

Стриато-лимбическая и лобная дисфункция, лежащая в основе дисбаланса в мотивации вознаграждения и когнитивном контроле в навязанном сексуальном поведении: нейроимационный метаанализ.

СТРУКТУРА: Навязчивое сексуальное расстройство (CSBD) связано с неконтролируемыми сексуальными желаниями и поведением, вызывающими расстройство или функциональные расстройства. Несмотря на то, что он классифицируется как расстройство контроля импульсов в МКБ-11, его нейробиологическая основа и когнитивные недостатки по-прежнему плохо понимаются. Достижения в крупных языковых моделях (МЛМ) позволяют производить масштабируемую обработку литературы и синтез мультимодальных нейроимаций. В этом исследовании использовались основанные на LLM рамки для метаанализа на основе координат и функционального

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) involves uncontrollable sexual urges and behaviors that cause distress or functional … at links neurobiological alterations with cognitive dysfunctions. METHODS: Relevant structural and functional neuroimaging studies of CSBD were identified through semantic screening in Neurosynth Compose. Coordinates were extracted and synthesized using Multi-level Kernel Density Analysis (MKDA-χ2), with subgroup analyses conducted by study characteristics. The resultin …

Bulimia nervosa selectively reshapes the structure and intrinsic function of anterior insula subregions associated with cognition-emotion integration.

BACKGROUND: Existing evidence suggests that anterior insula plays a crucial role in cognitive control and emotional regulation and is implicated in the onset and maintenance of bulimia nervosa (BN). However, it remains unclear how structural and functional abnormalities in specific subregions of anterior insula contribute to BN. METHODS: In this study, we analyzed structural MRI and resting-state functional MRI data from 54 BN patients and 56 healthy controls (HCs). We conducted voxel-based morphometry, amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (conventional band: 0.01-0.08 Hz, slow-5: 0.01-0.02