Результаты поиска

Anal Monkeypox Disease: Description of 65 Cases.

BACKGROUND: Monkeypox is a zoonosis endemic in Africa caused by 3 orthopoxvirus clades. Knowledge of the disease is limited, but a worldwide outbreak involving a new route of transmission was declared in April 2022. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe anal symptoms and outcomes in patients infected with Monkeypox virus presenting to an emergency proctology unit in Paris. DESIGN: This was an observational study. SETTING: We reported anal symptoms of all consecutive patients with monkeypox anal infection in a single proctology center between June 16, 2022, and July 26, 2022. Association w…

Successful Collaborations that Resulted in Increased U.S. Diagnostic Testing During the 2022 Mpox Outbreak.

CONTEXT: The first case of mpox was detected in the United States in a Laboratory Response Network (LRN) laboratory at the Massachusetts Department of Public Health on May 17, 2022. Through previous years of smallpox preparedness efforts by the United States government, testing capacity in LRN laboratories across the United States utilizing the FDA-cleared Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Non-variola orthopoxvirus (NVO) test was approximately 6000 tests weekly across the nation prior to the mpox outbreak. By early June 2022, the LRN laboratories had capacity to perform up to 80…

Detection of the peptidyl epitope for vaccine development against MPV.

BACKGROUND: Monkeypox Virus (MPV) is the cause of zoonotic disease characterized by skin-eruption with pus cell formation and lymphadenopathy. This virus belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus with DNA as its genetic material. Previously, this infection was reported from Africa and occasionally from USA and UK. However, recently there is a sudden surge of infection in non-epidemic countries and a new strain of MPVhas been discovered. Therefore it is important to revisit the phylogeny of MPV with the addition of new strains. Recently WHO also stressed the need of developing vaccines for new strains…

Outbreak of human monkeypox in Nigeria in 2017-18: a clinical and epidemiological report.

BACKGROUND: In September, 2017, human monkeypox re-emerged in Nigeria, 39 years after the last reported case. We aimed to describe the clini … iagnosis was confirmed by viral identification with real-time PCR and by detection of positive anti-orthopoxvirus IgM antibodies. Whole-genome sequencing was done for seven cases. Haplotype analysis results, genetic distance data, and epidemiological data were used to infer a likely series of events for potential human-to-human transmission of the west African …

Rabbitpox in New Zealand White Rabbits: A Therapeutic Model for Evaluation of Poxvirus Medical Countermeasures Under the FDA Animal Rule.

The elimination of smallpox as an endemic disease and the obvious ethical problems with clinical challenge requires the efficacy evaluation … ologists in December 2011, suggested the development of two animal models infected with the cognate orthopoxvirus, intradermal infection of rabbits and intranasal infection of mice, to supplement the non-human primate models in use. In this manuscript, we describe the development of an intradermal challenge model of New Zealand White rabbits with rabbitpox viru …

Проверка результатов анализа ПЦР в режиме реального времени для выявления и количественной оценки вирусных геномов нечеловеческой приматовой крови.

В 1980 году болезнь оспы была ликвидирована в природе, а вирус Вариолы, этиологический агент оспы, был ограничен двумя лабораториями: одна из них, расположенная в России (Москва), позднее переехала в VECTOR (Новосибирск, Сибирь) и одна в США (CDC Atlanta). Вскоре после успешного проведения кампании по искоренению этого заболевания вакцинация населения в целом прекратилась, что привело к тому, что население становится все более восприимчивым к иммунологии. В связи с возможностью преднамеренного восстановления вируса Вариолы и появлением других патогенных оксивирусов существует острая необходимо

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: In 1980, smallpox disease was eradicated from nature and Variola virus, the etiological agent of smallpox, was confined to two l … to stand up to regulatory scrutiny. METHODS: An optimized real time PCR assay for the detection of orthopoxviruses has been developed by researchers at the United States Army Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID). To support animal studies that will be used to support approval of medical countermeasures by the U.S. FDA, the assay was designed to …

Epitope mapping by random peptide phage display reveals essential residues for vaccinia extracellular enveloped virion spread.

BACKGROUND: A33 is a type II integral membrane protein expressed on the extracellular enveloped form of vaccinia virus (VACV). Passive transfer of A33-directed monoclonal antibodies or vaccination with an A33 subunit vaccine confers protection against lethal poxvirus challenge in animal models. Homologs of A33 are highly conserved among members of the Orthopoxvirus genus and are potential candidates for inclusion in vaccines or assays targeting extracellular enveloped virus activity. One monoclonal antibody directed against VACV A33, MAb-1G10, has been shown to target a conformation-dependent …

Characterization of wild-type and cidofovir-resistant strains of camelpox, cowpox, monkeypox, and vaccinia viruses.

Cidofovir ([(S)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)cytosine] [HPMPC])-resistant forms of camelpox, cowpox, monkeypox, and vaccinia virus … mg/kg dose at 1, 2, 3, or 4 days after WT virus challenge. By application of these results to human orthopoxvirus infections, it is anticipated that resistant viruses may be untreatable with cidofovir but their virulence may be attenuated. Studies will need to be conducted with cidofovir-resistant monkeypox virus in monkeys to further support these hypotheses.

Genome sequence of a human tumorigenic poxvirus: prediction of specific host response-evasion genes.

Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) commonly causes asymptomatic cutaneous neoplasms in children and sexually active adults as well as persistent opportunistic acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated disease. Sequencing the 190-kilobase pair genome of MCV has now revealed that the virus potentially encodes 163 proteins, of which 103 have homologs in the smallpox virus. MCV lacks counterparts to 83 genes of the smallpox virus, including those important in suppression of host responses to infection, nucleotide biosynthesis, and cell proliferation. MCV possesses 59 genes that are predi

Molecular analysis of the 2022 mpox outbreak and antiviral activity of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitors against orthopoxviruses.

Monkeypox virus (MPXV) has caused a large pandemic outbreak in 2022 with more than 90.000 confirmed cases and 181 deaths. Notably, signs of … re active against MPXV, vaccinia virus (VACV), and cowpox virus (CPXV) and therefore likely against orthopoxviruses in general. In agreement with that, we also demonstrated that chemical optimization leads to compounds with EC50 values in the sub-nanomolar range, associated with low cytotoxicity, which forms a good basis for future drug development from this ch …

Epitope detection in the envelope of intracellular naked orthopox viruses and identification of encoding genes.

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were generated against vaccinia virus, cowpox virus KR2 Brighton, monkeypox virus Copenhagen, or ectromelia virus. Pairwise epitope specificity studies by competition ELISAs identified 23 distinct antigenic sites in 19 different orthopox virus strains. Six epitopes were completely independent of each other, and 17 closely related antigenic sites formed three separate epitope complexes. As shown by immunogold electron microscopy (ELMI), all MAbs reacted with epitopes in the envelope of intracellular naked virus, 16 MAbs recognized proteins of 32, 30, 16 or 14 kDa in

Mpox: transmission dynamics, treatment, and innovations.

The resurgence of monkeypox (mpox), driven by Clade IIb of the monkeypox virus (MPXV), has intensified global concerns about its transmission, treatment, and prevention. Mpox, a zoonotic orthopoxvirus and is primarily transmitted through close contact with infected individuals, contaminated surfaces, or respiratory droplets. Historically, the virus has been divided into two clades: Clade I, endemic to Central Africa and characterized by higher fatality rates, and Clade II, linked to milder disease in West Africa. The unprecedented global spread of Clade IIb Mpox in 2022, affecting over 99,000 …

Assessment of MpoxPlex, a high-throughput and multiplexed immunoassay: a diagnostic accuracy study.

BACKGROUND: In May, 2022, the first global outbreak of mpox (formerly known as monkeypox) occurred. In response, public health agencies in the UK have made smallpox vaccines available to individuals at the highest risk of infection. With mpox cases still being detected globally, novel tools are required to aid with diagnosis, serosurveillance, and the evaluation of immune responses following infection and immunisation with current and new vaccine candidates. Here, we describe the development of a multiplexed immunoassay, MpoxPlex, able to measure IgG responses to 12 Orthopoxvirus antigens conc…

Monkeypox Outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo: A Comprehensive Review of Clinical Outcomes, Public Health Implications, and Security Measures.

BACKGROUND: The Monkeypox virus (MPXV), a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus, is responsible for the zoonotic disease known as MPX. Primarily found in western and central Africa, emerging studies indicate a shift in transmission dynamics. Ongoing MPX outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) have escalated into significant public health concerns. OBJECTIVES: This review endeavors to provide a comprehensive analysis of the public health implications, clinical consequences, and preventive measures related to the current MPX outbreak in the DRC. It focuses on the epidemiology, clinical …

Epidemiology of Human Mpox - Worldwide, 2018-2021.

Monkeypox (mpox) is a zoonotic disease caused by Monkeypox virus (MPXV), an Orthopoxvirus; the wild mammalian reservoir species is not known. There are two genetic clades of MPXV: clade I and clade II (historically found in central and west Africa, respectively), with only Cameroon reporting both clades (1). Human cases have historically been reported from 1) mostly rural, forested areas in some central and west African countries; 2) countries reporting cases related to population migration or travel of infected persons; and 3) exposure to imported infected mammals (2). The annual number of ca…

Relooking the monkeypox virus during this present outbreak: epidemiology to therapeutics and vaccines.

OBJECTIVE: The recent monkeypox disease outbreak is another significant threat during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. This viral disease is zoonotic and contagious. The viral disease outbreak is considered the substantial infection possessed by the Orthopoxvirus family species after the smallpox virus' obliteration, a representative of the same family. It has potentially threatened the Republic of Congo's regions and certain African subcontinent zones. Although repeated outbreaks have been reported in several parts of the world, as conferred from the epidemiological data, very little is explore…

Chronic Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Infection Causes Susceptibility to Mousepox and Impairs Natural Killer Cell Maturation and Function.

Chronic viral infections. like those of humans with cytomegalovirus, human immunodeficiency virus (even when under antiretroviral therapy), and hepatitis C virus or those of mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) clone 13 (CL13), result in immune dysfunction that predisposes the host to severe infections with unrelated pathogens. It is known that C57BL/6 (B6) mice are resistant to mousepox, a lethal disease caused by the orthopoxvirus ectromelia virus (ECTV), and that this resistance requires natural killer (NK) cells and other immune cells. We show that most B6 mice chronically i…

Efficacy of tecovirimat (ST-246) in nonhuman primates infected with variola virus (Smallpox).

Naturally occurring smallpox has been eradicated but remains a considerable threat as a biowarfare/bioterrorist weapon (F. Fleck, Bull. Worl … ule oral drug, tecovirimat (previously known as ST-246), as a postexposure therapeutic treatment of orthopoxvirus disease, including smallpox. Tecovirimat has been shown to be efficacious in preventing lethal orthopoxviral disease in numerous animal models (G. Yang, D. C. Pevear, M. H. Davies, M. S. Collett, T. Bailey, et al., J. Virol. 79:13139-13149, 2005; D. …

Innate immune response of human plasmacytoid dendritic cells to poxvirus infection is subverted by vaccinia E3 via its Z-DNA/RNA binding domain.

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) play important roles in antiviral innate immunity by producing type I interferon (IFN). In this study, we assess the immune responses of primary human pDCs to two poxviruses, vaccinia and myxoma virus. Vaccinia, an orthopoxvirus, was used for immunization against smallpox, a contagious human disease with high mortality. Myxoma virus, a Leporipoxvirus, causes lethal disease in rabbits, but is non-pathogenic in humans. We report that myxoma virus infection of human pDCs induces IFN-α and TNF production, whereas vaccinia infection does not. Co-infection of pDCs…