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[Screening for prostatic carcinoma in dysuric patients: diagnostic protocols and cost-benefit analysis].

This work deals with our experience of a programme of early diagnosis of prostate cancer carried out on patients suffering from dysuria through rectal-digital examination (EDR), hematic dosage of PSA (IRMA COAT-A-COUNT DPC) and transrectal echtomography. We have also quantified the costs and verified which methods, either single or combined with other methods, are most advantageous as regards costs/benefits. From Jan 1991 to Jan 1995 306 of 1185 patients (25.8%) underwent prostate biopsy by means of transperineal echograph with gauge 18 needles as in Hodge's technique. Histologic examination r

[Cost-benefit analysis of education programs and of treatment in type 2 diabetes].

Structured teaching and treatment programmes for Type-II non insulin dependent diabetic patients have been proved in several studies to be cost effective. K. Davidson in Atlanta described the considerable decrease of health care costs after the introduction of his programme. Recently a similar programme was introduced into the German health care system and physicians in private practice are remunerated for providing the programme. Until now more than 10,000 physicians have participated in postgraduate courses, which are the prerequisite to be remunerated. The evaluation of the programme includ

[Cost-benefit analysis of a new treatment concept in patients with indwelling catheters].

An earlier and a new treatment concept for patients equipped with long-term indwelling bladder catheters were compared with regard to cost, expenditure of time, and equipment in a retrospective study involving 58 patients treated by the earlier concept and 60 treated by the new one. The new concept dispensed with the need for bladder irrigation and routine replacement of the indwelling catheters. Under the earlier concept, 18 indwelling catheter replacements and 53 bladder irrigations were required per patient and year during the years 1979/80. This compares with 6 indwelling catheter replacem

Screening women of childbearing age for human immunodeficiency virus. A cost-benefit analysis.

In light of the increasing problem of perinatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission, the issue of screening women for HIV is receiving considerable attention. We analyzed the costs and benefits of screening women of childbearing age for HIV. The analysis was based on a dynamic model of the HIV epidemic that incorporated disease transmission and progression, behavioral changes, and effects of screening and counseling. We found that the primary benefit of screening programs targeted to women of childbearing age lies not in the prevention of HIV infection in their newborns but in the

The socioeconomic value of adult respiratory vaccination in Australia: a benefit-cost analysis.

BACKGROUND: Pneumococcal disease, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza and COVID-19 cause a major burden of illness and death among adults, much of which is vaccine-preventable. We estimated the societal value of adult vaccination against these four pathogens in Australia. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We developed disease-specific static life table cohort models and conducted a societal-perspective benefit-cost analysis of adult respiratory vaccination, approximating those recommended by the Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunization, relative to no vaccination. Mortality risk redu

A cost-benefit analysis of genetic screening test for breast cancer in Iran.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of the population- and family history (FH) -based screening for BReast CAncer (BRCA) in Iran, a country where less than 10% of breast cancer cases are attributable to a gene mutation. METHODS: This was an economic evaluation study. The Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) for genetic screening test strategies in Iranian women older than 30 was calculated. To this end, the monetary value of the test was estimated using the willingness-to-pay (WTP) approach using the contingent valuation method (CVM) by payment card. From a healthcare perspective,

Анализ затрат и выгод разработки вакцины от аденовирусов человека в корейской военной среде.

КОЛИЧЕСТВО: Человеческий аденовирус (HAdV) является распространенным источником острых респираторных заболеваний (ARD) и часто несет ответственность за вспышки, особенно в военной среде. Нынешние вакцины фактически не охватывают подтипы HADV, обычно встречающиеся среди корейского военного персонала, что подчеркивает необходимость в новой целевой вакцине. В настоящем исследовании представлен анализ затрат и выгод для оценки экономической жизнеспособности разработки и применения такой вакцины в военном контексте. МЕТОДЫ: При проведении такого анализа затрат и результатов мы руководствовались общ

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Human adenovirus (HAdV) is a prevalent causative agent of acute respiratory disease (ARD) and is frequently responsible for outb … Korean military personnel, highlighting the need for a new targeted vaccine. This study presents a cost-benefit analysis to evaluate the economic viability of developing and implementing such a vaccine within a military context. METHODS: We adopted a societal perspective for this cost-benefit analysis, which included estimating costs associated with vaccine developme …

Cost-Benefit Analysis of Allowing Additional Time in Cleaning Hospital Contact Precautions Rooms.

Increasing cleaning time may reduce hospital-acquired transmission of Clostridioides difficile, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE). We constructed a cost-benefit model to estimate the impact of implementing an enhanced cleaning protocol, allowing hospital housekeepers an additional 15 minutes to terminally clean contact precautions rooms. The enhanced cleaning protocol saved the hospital $758 per terminally-cleaned room when accounting for only C. difficile. Scaling up to a hospital with 100 cases of C. difficile/year, and the US ann

Introducing rotavirus vaccine in eight sub-Saharan African countries: a cost-benefit analysis.

BACKGROUND: Stimulated by the economic challenges faced by many sub-Saharan African countries and the changes in the rotavirus burden across these countries, this study aimed to inform the decision of health policy makers of eight sub-Saharan countries, who are yet to introduce the rotavirus vaccine as of Dec 31, 2020, on the health economic consequences of the introduction of the vaccine in terms of the costs and benefits. METHODS: We did a cost-benefit analysis using a simulation-based decision-analytic model for children aged younger than 1 year, who were followed up to 259 weeks, in the C…

Applying Benefit-Cost Analysis to Air Pollution Control in the Indian Power Sector.

Air pollution is a persistent and well-established public health problem in India: emissions from coal-fired power plants have been associated with over 80,000 premature deaths in 2015. Premature deaths could rise by four to five times this number by 2050 without additional pollution controls. We site a model 500 MW coal-fired electricity generating unit at eight locations in India and examine the benefits and costs of retrofitting the plant with a flue-gas desulfurization unit to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions. We quantify the mortality benefits associated with the reduction in sulfates (fin

Co-optimization of Heavy-Duty Fuels and Engines: Cost Benefit Analysis and Implications.

Heavy-duty vehicles require expensive aftertreatment systems for control of emissions such as particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) to comply with stringent emission standards. Reduced engine-out emissions could potentially alleviate the emission control burden, and thus bring about reductions in the cost associated with aftertreatment systems, which translates into savings in vehicle ownership. This study evaluates potential reductions in manufacturing and operating costs of redesigned emission aftertreatment systems of line-haul heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs) with reduced eng

Cost-benefit analysis of antibiofilm microbiological techniques for peri-prosthetic joint infection diagnosis.

BACKGROUND: Implant-related infections, including those of peri-prosthetic joint (PJIs), osteosynthesis and other biomaterials, are biofilm-related. Pathogen identification is considered the diagnostic benchmark; however, the presence of bacterial biofilms makes pathogen detection with traditional microbiological techniques only partially effective. To improve microbiological diagnostic accuracy, some biofilm debonding techniques have been recently proposed. Aim of this health economics assessment study was to evaluate their economic impact on hospital costs. METHODS: Direct and indirect hosp

Cost-benefit analysis of targeted hearing directed early testing for congenital cytomegalovirus infection.

OBJECTIVES: In this study, we estimate an ex ante cost-benefit analysis of a Utah law directed at improving early cytomegalovirus (CMV) detection. STUDY DESIGN: We use a differential cost of treatment analysis for publicly insured CMV-infected infants detected by a statewide hearing-directed CMV screening program. METHODS: Utah government administrative data and multi-hospital accounting data are used to estimate and compare costs and benefits for the Utah infant population. RESULTS: If antiviral treatment succeeds in mitigating hearing loss for one infant per year, the public savings will …

Multidisciplinary nutritional support for autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a cost-benefit analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the economic and clinical efficacy of a multidisciplinary nutritional support team (NST) for autologous stem cell transplantation. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cost-benefit analysis of autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in patients with and without NST intervention at a single institute. Patients (n = 120) had undergone 169 ASCTs, 67 before the commencement of NST intervention in September 2005 and 102 after September 2005. The conditioning regimens, prophylactic antibiotics, and supportive care were unchanged fro…

Cost-benefit analysis of biopsy methods for suspicious mammographic lesions; discussion 994-5.

HYPOTHESIS: Stereotactic core biopsy (SCB) is more cost-effective than needle-localized biopsy (NLB) for evaluation and treatment of mammographic lesions. DESIGN: A computer-generated mathematical model was developed based on clinical outcome modeling to estimate costs accrued during evaluation and treatment of suspicious mammographic lesions. Total costs were determined for evaluation and subsequent treatment of cancer when either SCB or NLB was used as the initial biopsy method. Cost was estimated by the cumulative work relative value units accrued. The risk of malignancy based on the Breas

[Microsurgical vasovasostomy in the age of modern reproduction medicine. A cost-benefit analysis].

WS represents the standard procedure of choice for the treatment of obstructive azoospermia following vasectomy. However, recently, ICSI has … ostomy represents the standard approach for obstructive azoospermia following vasectomy. Based on a cost-benefit analysis VVS is more successful in terms of pregnancy rates (52% vs. 22.5%). We conclude that MESA/ICSI should be reserved for patients not amenable for microsurgical reconstruction.

Cost-benefit analysis of general vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae type b in Sweden.

A cost-benefit analysis of general vaccination of infants with a conjugated Haemophilus influenzae type b (HIB) vaccine was performed. Information on incidence and prognosis of HIB meningitis and acute epiglottitis in children was obtained from nation-wide retrospective studies covering the years 1981-83, when the birth rate was approximately 93,000 per year. The annual cost for hospitalization, neurologic and auditory sequelae and parents' absence from work amounted to 54 million Swedish crowns (SEK). A mean of 6 children died every year. Inclusion of value of lives lost added SEK 72 million …

Cost-benefit analysis of interferon alfa-2b in treatment of hairy cell leukemia.

The clinical benefits as well as the cost benefits of use of recombinant interferon (IFN) alfa-2b instead of conventional chemotherapy (primarily chlorambucil) for progressive hairy cell leukemia were assessed retrospectively on the basis of 12 months of clinical data from 128 patients treated with IFN alfa-2b. Data from 71 matched historical control patients who had received conventional treatment were used for survival analysis. Hematologic response (reversal of cytopenias) was achieved by 18% of the control patients versus 73% of the IFN-treated patients. This response was associated with v

A cost-benefit analysis of a population screening programme for neural tube defects.

Population screening for neural tube defects is possible by measuring maternal serum alphafetoprotein levels with appropriate follow-up as required. British Columbia has approximately 39 000 births annually and the incidence of neural tube defects is 1.55 per 1000 births (0.94 per 1000 livebirths). Results from a cost-benefit analysis suggest that the outlined screening programme would be cost-beneficial for British Columbia. Other important factors essential to consider before instituting a population screening programme are discussed.

Quantifying the societal benefits of adult immunization against respiratory diseases in France: a benefit cost analysis.

BACKGROUND: Pneumococcal disease, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza, and COVID-19 place a significant burden on France's population health, health system, and economy. Older adults and adults in clinical risk groups are recommended to receive vaccination against these illnesses, although RSV is not reimbursed. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A benefit-cost analysis was conducted to assess the societal return on investment from adult vaccination by estimating benefit-cost ratios (BCRs) and net benefits (NBs). Health outcomes were monetized using established methods. Program costs inclu