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Antifungal treatment of small animal veterinary patients.

Antifungal therapy has progressed significantly with the development of new drugs directed at various processes in fungal cell metabolism. Within veterinary medicine, treatment options for systemic mycoses remain limited to amphotericin B, ketoconazole, fluconazole, and itraconazole. However, newer triazoles, echinocandins, and lipid-based formulations of amphotericin B are now approved for use in humans. This article provides a comprehensive review of the antifungal medications available for veterinary patients, and includes a brief discussion of the newer, presently cost-prohibitive, antifun…

[Cutaneopulmonary blastomycosis].

We observed a new case of blastomycosis in a patient with haemoptysis. The chest X-ray revealed a lesion confined to the upper right lobe of the lung and there was an ulcerating vegetation at the medial angle of the right eye. Skin biopsy and bronchial aspiration led to the identification of typical Blastomyces dermatitidis. Outcome was favourable after oral therapy with ketoconazole. Cutaneo-pulmonary blastomycosis is weakly endemic in Tunisia. Pulmonary lesions are more frequent because of airborne transmission. Cutaneous lesions may be clinically misleading. This disease is sensitive to ant…

Fungal scleritis after cataract surgery. Successful outcome using itraconazole.

We report the development of fungal scleritis in a 53-year-old man after uncomplicated cataract surgery. Histopathology and culture identified the organism as Aspergillus flavus. Clinically, the patient worsened on treatment with oral ketoconazole and topical amphotericin B with progression of multifocal scleral nodules and necrosis. Resolution of inflammation was achieved using oral itraconazole, a new triazole antifungal agent. The patient achieved 20/15-2 visual acuity and remains free of symptoms and signs for greater than 2 years after discontinuation of all treatment.

Systemic fungal infections: diagnosis and treatment. I. Blastomycosis.

Blastomycosis is a rare systemic fungal infection caused by Blastomyces dermatitidis, which is often difficult to diagnose because of its spectrum of manifestations, varying severity, and unusual occurrence in most geographic areas. Because routine serologic methods and skin tests are not reliable for this pathogen, diagnosis is made by visualization of the organism in tissue, sputum, or exudate, or by culture. Once blastomycosis is diagnosed, therapeutic options include treatment with amphotericin B or ketoconazole, or simple observation if spontaneous resolution is anticipated. The purpose o…

[Chromomycosis].

A case of chromomycosis with an evolution of 25 years, in a caucasoid man, aged 57, living in Mozambique, is reported. Fonsecae pedrosoi, the most frequently responsible agent of chromomycosis in Mozambique's cases, was isolated. Prognosis seemed poor since good results from therapy were unexpected, considering the long course of disease, the extensive and fibrotic lesions, and the unsuccessful treatment with 5-fluorocytosine and ketoconazole. The patient was treated with associated amphotericin B-5-fluorocytosine, and topical heat. Clinical improvement and mycologic negative studies were obta…

Fungal infection of the lung. The big 3--histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis.

Diseases caused by the normally pathogenic fungi Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermatitidis, and Coccidioides immitis are common but seldom serious. Treatment is usually needed only if respiratory status is compromised, if there is progressive tissue destruction, or if the infection disseminates outside the lungs. The recent availability of ketoconazole has changed the approach to treatment of some forms of fungal disease. Although this drug has no firmly established role, it has proved useful for several aspects of disease. More experience with its use will prove whether it is truly cur…

[Mycotic lingual granuloma. The pseudotumoral form].

Lingual candidiasis is a condition arising from a multiple of causes, some of which are well known (thrush, etc...). Two cases of chronic lingual mycotic granuloma are presented, one of which was due to a candida, the diagnosis being confirmed by pathological examination and electrosyneresis. The course of this granuloma leads to the appearance of a true epidermoid carcinoma, as illustrated by the description of other cases that have been reported. Current therapy for the granuloma itself mainly depends on the employ of ketoconazole, but the unfavorable course of the affection raises the quest…

Identifying Potential Drug Targets for Treating ADHD From a Genetic Perspective: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic neurodevelopmental disorder. Current pharmacological treatments have limitation … chanism. Computational in silico drug prioritization nominated candidate compounds (e.g., selenium, ketoconazole) predicted to modulate these targets. This study identifies genetically supported therapeutic targets for ADHD. MAU2 emerged as the most promising causal locus. Rapamycin signaling represents a key mechanistic pathway. Several repositioned candidate …

Comparison of steroidogenic disruption in adrenal H295R and ovarian KGN and COV434 cell models and the implications to assess female reproductive toxicity.

To investigate the need for an ovarian-specific steroidogenesis assay in regulatory testing, steroid hormone profiles from adrenal H295R and … effects in the cell lines, with most striking results early in the steroidogenic pathway. Atrazine, ketoconazole and aminoglutethimide affected pregnenolone and progesterone concentrations in KGN cultures more potently than in H295R cultures. Ketoconazole and propylparaben increased progesterone levels in H295R, but decreased levels in KGN cultures. Despite th …

Checkerboard Analysis To Evaluate Synergistic Combinations of Existing Antifungal Drugs and Propylene Glycol Monocaprylate in Isolates from Recalcitrant Tinea Corporis and Cruris Patients Harboring Squalene Epoxidase Gene Mutation.

Recalcitrant dermatophytic infections of the glabrous skin (tinea corporis/cruris/faciei) pose a huge challenge to health care systems. Comb … . Synergistic interactions were noted with combinations of itraconazole with luliconazole, TRB, and ketoconazole and propylene glycol monocaprylate (PGMC) with luliconazole and with the triple combination of PGMC with luliconazole and ketoconazole. In vitro synergistic interactions provide a sound scientific basis for the possible clinical use of antifungal co …

Identification of bacteria and fungi sampled from the conjunctival surface of normal horses in South-East Queensland, Australia.

OBJECTIVE: To identify bacteria and fungi found on the conjunctival surface of normal horse eyes; to investigate potential risk factors for … ), Aspergillus spp. (15.4%), and Scopulariopsis spp. (10.3%). Most (≥90%) molds were susceptible to ketoconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole, and miconazole. Yeasts were most susceptible to ketoconazole. There was no significant effect of breed, age, sex, purpose, or housing of the horse or climatic conditions on bacterial or fungal culture status. CONCLUSION …

Multicenter, International Study of MIC/MEC Distributions for Definition of Epidemiological Cutoff Values for Sporothrix Species Identified by Molecular Methods.

Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) conditions for testing the susceptibilities of pathogenic Sporothrix species to antifunga … μg/ml; itraconazole, 2 and 2 μg/ml; posaconazole, 2 and 2 μg/ml; and voriconazole, 64 and 32 μg/ml. Ketoconazole and terbinafine ECVs for S. brasiliensis were 2 and 0.12 μg/ml, respectively. Insufficient or unsuitable data precluded the calculation of ketoconazole and terbinafine (or any other antifungal agent) ECVs for S. schenckii, as well as ECVs for S. glo …

Разработка высоковоспроизводимой системы для оценки ингибирования цитохромной активности P450 3A4 с помощью естественных лекарственных средств.

ЦЕЛЬ: Согласно сообщениям, в последние годы ряд естественных лекарственных средств оказывает индуктивное или сдерживающее воздействие на деятельность энзимов метаболизма при совместном управлении с предписанными лекарствами. Однако из-за отсутствия эффективного метода скрининга для такого взаимодействия информация о взаимодействии между естественной медициной и наркотиками, влияющих на метаболизм наркотиков, является ограниченной. Поэтому для того, чтобы понять, влияет ли на активность P450 натуральная медицина на маленьких кишечниках, мы создали замороженные рекомбинантные клетки P450-выражаю

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
PURPOSE: In recent years, a number of natural medicines have been reported to have inductive or inhibitive effects on the activity of drug m … frozen period (0, 1, 2, and 6 months). Inhibitory effect on CYP3A4 activity by typical inhibitors (ketoconazole, hyperforin) and natural medicines (Cat's Claw, Devil's Claw, Feverfew, Peppermint Oil, Red Clover, and Siberian Eleuthero) were evaluated. The inhibitors had nearly equal IC50 values in fAd-CYP3A4 cells, Ad-CYP3A4 cells and recombinant CYP3A4 micro …

In vitro susceptibility of filamentous fungi from mycotic keratitis to azole drugs.

OBJECTIVE: The in vitro antifungal activities of azole drugs viz., itraconazole, voriconazole, ketoconazole, econazole and clotrimazole were investigated in order to evaluate their efficacy against filamentous fungi isolated from mycotic keratitis. METHODS: The specimen collection was carried out from fungal keratitis patients attending Aravind eye hospital and Post-graduate institute of ophthalmology, Coimbatore, India and was subsequently processed for the isolation of fungi. The dilutions of antifungal drugs were prepared in RPMI 1640 medium. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were d…

Pathways signaling the regulatory volume decrease of cultured nonpigmented ciliary epithelial cells.

PURPOSE: The authors identify the signaling pathways for the regulatory volume decrease (RVD) of nonpigmented ciliary epithelial (NPE) cells … rent experimental conditions. The cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin, the epoxygenase inhibitors ketoconazole and SKF 525A, and the PKC activator DiC8 all downregulated the RVD. The addition of the cation ionophore, gramicidin, increased the RVD. In the presence of gramicidin, cAMP, PGE2, and indomethacin did not affect the RVD, but ketoconazole, DiC8, and …

Candida parapsilosis as a Causative Agent of Onychomycosis in Patient with Cirrhosis of the Liver.

We report the first case of non-dermatophytic onychomycosis of the toenail described in Kazakhstan caused by Candida parapsilosis. The biolo … s strain was sensitive to polyene and azole antifungal agents. The highest sensitivity was found to ketoconazole, itraconazole and nystatin.

Mycotic keratitis due to Cylindrocarpon lichenicola: Successful salvage of the eye.

We hereby report a successfully salvaged eye due to mycotic keratitis by Cylindrocarpon lichenicola in a 60-year-old female from Kasaragod (Kerala). The patient came with a history of pain, photophobia and decreased vision of the right eye. The microbiological investigations of the corneal scraping revealed C. lichenicola. C. lichenicola is a soil saprophyte. Since the ulcer worsened paracentesis followed by therapeutic keratoplasty and adjunct therapy with natamycin drops, voriconazole drops and oral ketoconazole was given. We stress that evidence-based timely medical and surgical interventio…

Leishmaniasis of the lip diagnosed by lymph node aspiration and treated with a combination of oral ketaconazole and intralesional sodium stibogluconate.

A 26-year-old male who presented to the dermatology OPD with complaints of a swelling on his lip of 6 months' duration was on examination found to have a solitary ulcerated nodule over the lip and an enlarged submental lymph node. Skin smear and biopsy from the lesion did not yield the diagnosis. Needle aspiration from the draining lymph node revealed the diagnostic Leishman-Donovan bodies. The patient responded to treatment with a combination of oral ketoconazole and intralesional sodium stibogluconate. We report this case because of both the unusual location of the lesion and the unusual met…

In vitro susceptibility of Madurella mycetomatis, prime agent of Madura foot, to tea tree oil and artemisinin.

OBJECTIVES: Eumycetoma caused by Madurella mycetomatis is treated with surgery and high doses of itraconazole and ketoconazole. These agents are toxic, and new therapies are required. METHODS: MICs were determined for artemisinin and tea tree oil, two natural herbal compounds. RESULTS: Artemisinin was not active against M. mycetomatis, but tea tree oil did inhibit its growth. Since tea tree oil's prime component easily penetrates the skin, tea tree oil could be a useful agent in the treatment of eumycetoma. CONCLUSIONS: Tea tree oil is active in vitro against M. mycetomatis.

Chronic craniofacial dematiaceous fungal infection: a case report.

Curvularia is a saprobic dematiaceous mold that has been associated with a wide spectrum of human infection. In non-immunosuppressed patients, infections frequently involve the paranasal sinus, skin, and soft tissue, whereas systemic dissemination and endocarditis are extremely rare. The optimal antifungal therapy for Curvularia infection is not known, and responses to treatment with amphotericin B, miconazole, ketoconazole, terbinafine, and itraconazole have been reported. We describe a patient with an invasive dematiaceous fungal sinusitis who was immunocompetent and was infected with Curvul…